Microscopic haematuria as a relative contraindication for tranexamic acid

Tranexamic acid has been advocated for patients with severe bleeding tendency due to thrombocytopenia not responding to platelet transfusions. Macroscopic haematuria is a well-known contraindication for its use in such patients. We present three clinical cases with microscopic haematuria, in whom tranexamic acid caused problems of clot formation in the urinary tract, indicating that microscopic haematuria should also be considered as a contraindication for tranexamic acid.     

不同来源HSP70的氨基酸组成分析

使用ＤＥＡＥ－５２离子交换层析和ＡＴＰ琼脂糖亲和层析方法，从人体肿瘤细胞株，大鼠肝脏和心脏、家兔和小鼠肝脏组织中纯化了主要的热应激蛋白－ＨＳＰ７０，用氨基酸自动分析仪分析它的氨基酸组成。     

聚—DL—乳酸复合材料的细胞毒性评价

本文对新研制的聚-DL-乳酸可吸收复合材料进行细胞毒性的实验研究,采用L-929小鼠成纤维细胞,经材料浸提液与细胞接触2、4、7 天后,在分光光度仪下测定光吸收度,以评价材料的细胞毒性.结果表明;该材料对培养细胞无明显细胞毒性刺激作用,细胞生长良好,各期实验组的细胞增殖状况与阴性对照组相似.     

All-trans retinoic acid suppresses liver injury induced by Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide in rats

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been reported to exert major effects on the immune system, including monocytes/macrophages. The present study was designed to determine whether ATRA would modulate macrophage-associated liver injury induced by Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. All-trans retinoic acid administration alleviated the liver injury and reduced the incidence of death following hepatic failure. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels 5 h after, and survival rates within 12 h after the administration of LPS were significantly lower in the ATRA-treated group (134 ± 119 IU/L and 72.7%) compared with the control group (713 ± 411 IU/L and 18.2%; P < 0.05). Histological findings supported these results. These effects may be due to suppression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and superoxide anions produced by activated macrophages. Serum levels of TNF-α 1 h after LPS administration were significantly lower in the ATRA-treated group (60.5 ± 7.0 ng/mL) as compared with the control group (105.2 ± 39.3 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Formazan deposition that was generated by the perfusion of the liver with nitroblue tetrazolium, also suggested suppression of the release of superoxide anions from hepatic macrophages. These results suggest that ATRA acts as an immunomodulator in liver injury by suppressing the activation of liver macrophages.     

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid

Abstract The β-lactams are bactericidal antibiotics, but some of them may be inactivated by bacterial β-lactamases which destroy the β-lactam ring. The inactivation of amoxicilhn by β-Iactamases of gram negative anaerobic bacteria can be circumvented by the addition of clavulanic acid, a β-lactamases inhibitor. Thus, most of these bacteria are susceptible to this combination. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). These concentrations were measured in 20 patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis 1 h after a dose of 500 mg (1 tablet Augmentin®) on day 0 and 1 h after the 10th intake on day 3. For the sampling of GCF, Periopapers® were introduced in 16 gingival sites per subject and time. The GCF volumes collected were estimated using the Periotron 6000®. A high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in microsamples (1 to 10 μl) of GCF. The concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were respectively, 14.05 μg ml^-1 and 0.40 μg ml^-1 at day 0.13.93 μg ml^-1 and 0.37 μg ml^-1 at day 3. Effective levels of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, well above the minimal inhibitory concentrations of some susceptible periodontal anaerobes (P. intermedia) involved in destructive periodontal diseases, are achieved following the multiple administration of amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid.     

Three predominant proteins secreted by the human prostate gland

Analyses of the proteins of azoospermic ejaculates from subjects with defective seminal vesicles demonstrated that three prostatic-secreted proteins were predominant. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA; or gamma-seminoprotein), and beta-microseminoprotein (beta-MSP; or beta-inhibin), were identified as the three predominant proteins secreted by the normal human prostate gland. Immunohistochemical localization of these proteins, in the epithelium of normal prostatic acini and ducts, with the avidin-biotin complex procedure demonstrated that each PAP-immunoreactive cell was invariably immunoreactive both with PSA-and beta-MSP-monospecific antisera as well.     

Acid phosphatase in the lysosomal and microsomal fractions of human prostatic epithelium

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of acid phosphatase from prostatic tissue reveals one more band than seminal plasma. It was attempted to ascertain which subcellular fraction was responsible for that intracellularly localized enzyme. Prostatic epithelium from patients with prostatic hyperplasia was homogenized, and a lysosomal and microsomal fraction were prepared by differential centrifugation. These two fractions were further centrifuged on an isopycnic Percoll gradient. The intracellularly localized form of acid phosphatase was associated with the lysosomal as well as with the microsomal fraction. In a fused rocket electrophoresis experiment these acid phosphatases cross-reacted with antiserum from seminal plasma. After neuraminidase treatment of the acid phosphatase of lysosomal and microsomal origin, only one activity band was found in polyacrylamide gels. It is concluded that only one acid phosphatase protein exists in prostatic epithelium; differences in electrophoretic mobility are caused mainly by different amounts of sialic acid residues, coupled to the same protein backbone.