大学英语教学改革形势下的教师知识结构优化

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,传统的外语教学模式已经不能满足社会需要,大学外语教学改革开始启动并逐步深入。面对新形势,大学英语教师只有优化教师知识结构,才能顺应改革趋势。教师的知识结构可以归纳为本体性知识、条件性知识和实践性知识。教师要有目标、有方向地优化本体性知识,全面补充条件性知识,进一步凝炼和积累实践性知识,整体提高教育教学能力,以便完成自身转型和推动英语大学教学改革的顺利完成。     

Knowledge of the Therapeutic Goals of Diabetes Care among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia

BackgroundA comprehensive cardiovascular risk control reduces diabetes-associated complications but achieving the triplet goals (blood glucose, blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)) remains a clinical challenge. Patients'' knowledge of these diabetes therapeutic goals has been shown to improve glycemic control. However, this is not well studied in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2020 in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital among randomly selected 419 patients with type 2 diabetes. Data was collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire. A multivariable binary logistic regression was fitted to identify determinants of knowledge.ResultsThe mean age (±SD) of study participants was 57.4 (±10.8) years and the median duration (IQR) of diabetes was 12 (7, 20) years. A quarter of them achieved fasting glycemic control, a fifth of them attained the A1c goal and only 3% achieved the triple targets. Patients who reported knowing their target goals for BP, fasting blood sugar (FBS), A1C, and LDL-C were 79.5, 77.3, 11.7, and 7.2% respectively. The factors associated with knowledge of the therapeutic goals were longer diabetes duration, increased household income, age, being divorced as compared to married, having no formal education, and primary education.ConclusionThe majority of participants knew their BP and FBS targets while only a minority understood their A1c and LDL-C targets. It highlighted the need for the provision of patient-centered diabetes education to improve knowledge of the therapeutic targets.     

对接大健康产业发展的康复治疗学人才培养体系的构建

在大健康产业发展背景下,康复服务产业发展模式和服务理念逐步转变。康复人力资源是康复服务产业发展的基石,文章基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(international classification of functioning,disability and health,ICF)康复科学理论体系,切合康复服务产业化和专业化需求,重构康复治疗学专业人才培养的课程体系,强化实践教学,探讨构建康复治疗学专业人才培养新模式。     

儿童膳食营养知-信-行问卷的编制及信效度评价

目的编制适用于我国儿童的膳食营养知-信-行调查问卷。方法以Pearson相关分析法分析重测信度;采用Cronbach'sα系数评价内部一致性信度;采用单项与总和相关分析评价内容效度;采用因子分析评价结构效度。结果知识、态度、行为各维度和总问卷的重测信度系数分别为0.684、0.792、0.752、0.705,Cronbach'sα系数分别为0.816、0.889、0.981、0.943。内容效度中,除态度2、行为2、行为8、行为10条目外,其他各条目与问卷总分的相关系数均大于0.200;除知识7、行为2、行为8、行为10条目外,其他各条目与所属维度总分的相关系数均大于0.300。因子分析提取了3个公因子,累积方差贡献率为51.21%,56%的条目提取公因子后的共同度超过0.5。结论该问卷具有较好的效度和信度,可为同类研究提供参考。     

人工神经网络技术诊断肺心病的实验研究

笔者利用典型的人工神经(BP)网络反向传播模型构建了一个诊断肺心病的专家子系统.结果该专家子系统利用神经网络获取和表示临床有关数据和资料,较好地解决了自动知识的获取、表示、自学等问题,并对临床资料进行量化处理;实例测试表明,该系统有助于肺心病的早期诊断.     

腹部局部解剖学与临床知识相结合的几点体会

把腹部局部解剖学与临床知识相结合，特别是与急腹症和腹部外科手术相结合，可以提高学生的学习兴趣和热情，提高教学质量；也可以为学生下一步学习临床学科及将来的临床工作奠定坚实的基础，架起方便的桥梁.     

1950 — 2001年我国疟疾发病趋势分析

  目的  了解我国居民疟疾防治知识、态度、行为（KAP）相互影响程度。  方法  采取多级分层抽样,于2016年9月 — 2017年3月在广西、安徽、湖北、重庆4个疟疾多发地进行调查。根据疟疾流行的分类标准,将4个省（市）所有疟疾流行县分为1、2、3类县,每一类县抽取3个县共9个县作为样本县;每个样本县随机抽取3个乡镇,共抽取27个乡镇作为样本乡镇;在每个乡镇随机抽取3个村,共81个村作为样本村,随机抽取1358位居民进行入户调查,回收有效问卷1 321,有效率97.3%。问卷内容包括居民家庭条件,个人特征,疟疾防治知识,态度,行为等相关问题,对结果采用KAP量化和多组结构方程模型（SEM）分析。  结果  KAP量化得分上,行为得分最高（0.63 ± 0.25）分,态度（0.61 ± 0.32）分,知识得分最低（0.47 ± 0.22）分;结构方程模型潜在因子之间的总效应上,疟疾知识对行为的总效应为0.4439,疟疾态度对行为的影响效应为0.19,呈“知而趋于行”的特征;不同类别县的知识态度行为相互作用参数差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。  结论  我国消除疟疾行动已进入防治疟疾复发阶段,应当加大对偏远地区疟疾防治的卫生宣教,形成良好的态度和行为习惯。     

The Rationale of Interorganizational Linkages to Connect Multiple Sites of Expertise,Knowledge Production,and Knowledge Transfer

Summary

This paper presents the rationale for a long-running project in which various community-based and tertiary-based providers are being linked to each other in order to understand, reach, and engage high-risk, hard-to-reach inner-city residents for prevention, treatment, and management of HIV/AIDS. Not simply a program to link disparate actors, the work has developed into a more fundamental approach through which to build and maintain the infrastructure required to generate and sustain knowledge development and integration within and between systems. This work is grounded in the recognition that each type of provider, as well as patients and clients themselves, has a particular type of expertise. All forms of expertise are necessary to fight HIV/ AIDS. Different forms of expertise are necessary to diagnose, treat, prevent, and cure HIV/AIDS and its sequelae. This work suggests revisions in traditional approaches to expertise and to the content and geometry of dissemination networks, and ultimately challenges the very concepts of dissemination and the lay/scientific boundary.     

Re-Evaluating the Medical Risk of Late Childbearing

A critical review of the scientific literature linking advanced maternal age to eight adverse pregnancy outcomes commonly believed to increase with advancing age revealed little support for the pessimistic medical view that late childbearing is necessarily riskier. Most studies (61% of the 104 studies reviewed) were seriously flawed methodologically, primarily by confounding age with other factors; many reached conclusions without statistical verification (29% of the studies reviewed). Results concerning the advantages or disadvantages of late childbearing were inconsistent as well. Evidence from the sound research studies strongly suggests that many of the adverse outcomes found by some researchers to increase at an older maternal age may be reflecting the particular circumstances surrounding late childbearing (altered medical management. pre-existing diseases, subfertility , unplanned pregnancy, high parity birth) rather than a biological condition of aging. Further research must move away from looking at maternal age as an isolated variable because of the temptation to impute causality to the factor when other associated factors are not controlled. A better understanding of the reproductive aging process is urgently needed.