宁夏栽培秦艽降温和对心血管的作用

目的：探讨宁夏栽培秦艽降温和对心血管的作用。方法：采用肛温测量法观察秦艽水煎醇沉液、水浸液对发热家免体温的作用；应用BL-420F生物机能实验系统观察秦艽水煎醇沉液对蛙及家兔心血管的作用。结果：秦艽水煎醇沉液组5g／kg腹腔注射、秦艽水浸液组10g／kg灌胃给药，均能使发热家兔体温降低，秦艽水煎醇沉液组降温作用更明显（P〈0．01）。离体蛙心内直接注射秦艽水煎醇沉液0．1ml，使蛙心率减慢、心律失常、甚至心脏停跳。家兔耳缘静脉注射秦艽水煎醇沉液2g／kg，使血压下降；应用肾上腺素后再给予秦艽，血压下降，心率也有不同程度的减慢。结论：宁夏3年生栽培秦艽具有降温、抑制心脏及降压作用。     

高纯度银杏黄酮注射液对记忆功能及心肌组织 SOD的影响

目的：观察对比高纯度银杏黄酮注射液（以下简称“注射液”）中总黄酮甙含量的提高和槲皮素甙含量的提高对药效学（小鼠记忆力实验、家兔缺血再灌注损伤心肌组织SOD含量及家兔血液流变学）的影响。方法：实验分为“注射液”组和阳性对照组即“金纳金”组（德国产银杏黄酮注射液）。1、记忆实验，昆明鼠分别腹腔注射所试药物。用东莨菪碱造成记忆障碍，进行跳台实验。2．血液流变学：家兔耳缘静脉注射所试药物，3天后取血测血液流变学指标；3．心肌组织SOD含量测定：家兔冠状动脉结扎再松解方法造成心肌缺血灌注损伤，于再灌注前分别注射所试药物，测定心肌组织及血浆SOD含量。能改变红细胞刚性指数等指标。3．SOD含量；用药组心肌组织SOD、血浆SOD浓度均高于对照组，同剂量下“注射液”组优于“金纳多”组，结论：高纯度银杏黄酮注射液和“金纳多”均能提高记忆力；改善家兔血液流变学，保护缺血再灌注组织。且同剂量下“注射液”作用优于“金纳多”。     

模拟失重对兔红细胞形态及生成的影响

为探讨微重力下血液变化机理，观察了头低位兔血液红细胞形态及骨髓造血功能的变化，发现头低位组兔血液中的畸形红细胞增多，骨髓中出现了稍密集的造血细胞，网状细胞核孔增多，内质网扩张，幼稚红细胞进入血窦，巨噬细胞吞噬幼稚红细胞，血窦内皮细胞空泡化等现象。实验结果表明，短期模拟失重以地红细胞形态和骨髓造血功能有一定的影响。     

Perspective: chromosomal aneuploidy in leukemia--lessons from down syndrome

Abnormal number of chromosomes, aneuploidy, is the most common abnormality in leukemia and cancer. However, the casual relationship between aneuploidy and cancer is unclear. Additional copies of chromosome 21 are frequently found in leukemic cells. Constitutional trisomy 21 that characterizes Down Syndrome is associated with markedly increased risk for childhood leukemia. In this perspective I review recent studies that suggest that constitutional trisomy 21 promotes leukemic transformation during fetal hematopoiesis. As most of childhood leukemias arise in-utero, these studies are of general relevance to sporadic childhood leukemias.     

Chronic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) administration on TRH receptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in CNS

Intraperitoneal injections of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, 6 mg/kg/day) to rats for 14 days resulted in a significant loss (20–25%) of TRH binding sites in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. The TRH-mediated loss was reversible and reflected a decrease in binding sites but no change in affinity. On the other hand, this TRH treatment did not affect the specific brain binding of [³H]QNB. The results suggest that TRH participates in regulating CNS-TRH receptors.     

高原地区富氧与常态下神经心理功能改变的研究

采用神经心理功能测试仪,测查富氧室与常态下敲击次数、动作稳定和选择反应时间,经计算机统计处理,结果如下:(1)富氧室成绩高于常态下成绩,P<0.05—0.01。(2)文化、性别、年龄对三项神经心理功能检查有不同程度的影响。(3)选择反应时的四神颜色在两种不同状态下的测试成绩有明显的差异性,尤以红色、绿色、白色为著。(4)富氧室对脑缺氧有明显的改善作用。     

First-day step-down to oral outpatient treatment versus continued standard treatment in children with cancer and low-risk fever in neutropenia. A randomized controlled trial within the multicenter SPOG 2003 FN study

Background

The standard treatment of fever in chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia (FN) includes emergency hospitalization and empirical intravenous antimicrobial therapy. This study determined if first‐day step‐down to oral outpatient treatment is not inferior to continued standard regarding safety and efficacy in children with low‐risk FN.

Procedure

In a randomized controlled non‐blinded multicenter study, pediatric patients with FN after non‐myeloablative chemotherapy were reassessed after 8–22 hours of inpatient intravenous antimicrobial therapy. Low‐risk patients were randomized to first‐day step‐down to experimental (outpatient, oral amoxicillin plus ciprofloxacin) versus continued standard treatment. Exact non‐inferiority tests were used for safety (no serious medical complication; non‐inferiority margin of difference, 3.5%) and efficacy (resolution of infection without recurrence, no modification of antimicrobial therapy, no adverse event; 10%).

Results

In 93 (26%) of 355 potentially eligible FN episodes low‐risk criteria were fulfilled, and 62 were randomized, 28 to experimental (1 lost to follow‐up) and 34 to standard treatment. In intention‐to‐treat analyses, non‐inferiority was not proven for safety [27 of 27 (100%) vs. 33 of 34 (97%; 1 death) episodes; 95% upper confidence border, 6.7%; P = 0.11], but non‐inferiority was proven for efficacy [23 of 27 (85%) vs. 26 of 34 (76%) episodes; 95% upper confidence border, 9.4%; P = 0.045]. Per‐protocol analyses confirmed these results.

Conclusions

In children with low‐risk FN, the efficacy of first‐day step‐down to oral antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin in an outpatient setting was non‐inferior to continued hospitalization and intravenous antimicrobial therapy. The safety of this procedure, however, was not assessable with sufficient power. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:423–430. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Multiple evidence for an early age pro-oxidant state in Down Syndrome patients

Oxidative stress has been associated with Down syndrome (DS) and with its major phenotypic features, such as early ageing. In order to evaluate an in vivo pro-oxidant state, the following analytes were measured in a group of DS patients aged 2 months to 57 years: (a) leukocyte 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); (b) blood glutathione; (c) plasma levels of: glyoxal (Glx) and methylglyoxal (MGlx); some antioxidants (uric acid, UA, ascorbic acid, AA and Vitamin E), and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. A significant 1.5-fold increase in 8-OHdG levels was observed in 28 DS patients vs. 63 controls, with a sharper increase in DS patients aged up to 30 years. The GSSG:GSH×100 ratio was significantly higher in young DS patients (< 15 years), in contrast to DS patients aged ≥15 years that showed a significant decrease in the GSSG:GSH×100 ratio ratio vs. controls of the respective age groups. Plasma Glx levels were significantly higher in young DS patients, whereas no significant difference was detected in DS patients aged ≥15 years. Unlike Glx, the plasma levels of MGlx were found to be significantly lower in DS patients vs. controls. A significant increase was observed in plasma levels of UA in DS patients that could be related to an increased plasma XO activity in DS patients. The plasma concentrations of AA were also increased in young (< 15 years) DS patients, but not in older patients vs. controls in the same age range. The levels of Vitamin E in DS patients did not differ from the values determined in control donors. The evidence for a multiple pro-oxidant state in young DS patients supports the role of oxidative stress in DS phenotype, with relevant distinctions according to patients’ ages.     

Advances in the Management of Pediatric Asthma: A Review of Recent FDA Drug Approvals and Label Updates

Children have the highest prevalence of asthma of any age group. In the United States during 2001, there were 12.6 million physician and hospital outpatient visits for asthma treatment, of which almost 5 million involved children 18 years and younger. Therapeutic advances in pediatric asthma could improve patient outcomes and potentially reduce the burden on health care systems. Efforts to obtain efficacy and safety data in pediatric populations and develop pediatric formulations of asthma treatments have been encouraged by the FDA and clinicians. This article reviews the newest additions to asthma therapies approved for use in children, including an inhaled corticosteroid, some long-acting β₂-agonists, some leukotriene-receptor blockers, and a single-isomer, short-acting β₂-agonist.     

婴幼儿应用左侧头低位颈外静脉采血的效果观察

[目的]探讨左侧头低位颈外静脉采血应用于婴幼儿的效果。[方法]将200例需要采血的婴幼儿随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组按照传统的方法选择头皮或四肢静脉采血,观察组采用左侧头低位颈外静脉采血,比较两组婴幼儿的一次穿刺成功率、一次采血标本达标率、皮下淤血率及婴幼儿家属的满意度。[结果]观察组一次穿刺成功率、一次采血达标率高于对照纽（P〈0．05）,皮下淤血率低于对照组（P〈0．05）;两组婴幼儿家属满意度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]左侧头低位颈外静脉采血较传统采血穿刺成功率高、标本达标率高、并发症少．