酮咯酸氨丁三醇复合酒石酸布托啡诺用于治疗骨折术后急性疼痛的临床效果观察

目的比较单用酮咯酸氨丁三醇和酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合酒石酸布托啡诺用于治疗骨折术后急性疼痛的效果。方法 80例骨折术后急性疼痛患者,拟采用酮咯酸氨丁三醇或酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合酒石酸布托啡诺治疗,随机均分为两组。两组镇痛负荷剂量均为酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg。并继以2 ml/h静脉持续泵注酮咯酸氨丁三醇0.5 mg/kg（A组）及酮咯酸氨丁三醇0.25 mg/kg联合酒石酸布托啡诺10 mg（B组）。采用视觉模拟量表（VAS法）评分法评价给药前（T1）、给药后10 min、1 h、2 h、4 h、6 h（分别为T2、T3、T4、T5、T6）时的镇痛效果,并记录胃部不适、干呕或呕吐等不良反应的发生情况。结果与T1时点相比,两组T2、T3、T4、T5、T6时点VAS评分明显降低（P〈0.05）。与T2-T5时点相比,两组的VAS评分在T6时点升高（P〈0.05）。T6时点A组的VAS评分低于B组（P〈0.05）。B组胃部不适、干呕或呕吐等不良反应发生率明显低于A组（P〈0.05）。结论采用酮咯酸氨丁三醇酮或酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合酒石酸布托啡诺可有效控制骨折术后急性疼痛,其中酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合酒石酸布托啡诺的使用可明显降低相关不良反应发生率,但有效镇痛时间稍短。     

Ketorolac plus Lidocaine vs Lidocaine for pain relief following core needle soft tissue biopsy: A CONSORT-compliant double-blind randomized controlled study

Backgrounds:The main objective of this study was to compare the pain control efficacy of local administration of Lidocaine with or without the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Ketorolac, and local conventional Lidocaine injection in core needle biopsy of the musculoskeletal tumor.Methods:The current study was a randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial that included 128 patients with suspected musculoskeletal tumors. Patients were randomly assigned to either the Ketorolac plus Lidocaine (n = 64) or Lidocaine group (n = 64). The Ketorolac – Lidocaine combination syringe contained 30 mg Ketorolac and 2% Lidocaine – adrenaline dosage, and the Lidocaine syringe contained 2% Lidocaine – adrenaline dosage. The level of pain after core needle biopsy was evaluated for each patient at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and >48 hours by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The mean VAS changes over time were compared between the Ketorolac plus Lidocaine and Lidocaine groups using a linear mixed model.Results:baseline information including mean age of patients in Lidocaine group (51.5 ± 19.4 years) and in Lidocaine – Ketorolac combination group (50.1 ± 18 years), diagnosis (malignant, benign, metastatic, infection), tumor location (upper and lower extremities, back), VAS score 1-hour post-operation (mild and moderate pain) were noted. The VAS score ratings were significantly lower in Lidocaine – Ketorolac combination group when compared to the Lidocaine group during the 1 to 24 hours post-operation time period.Conclusion:Patients receiving Lidocaine – Ketorolac combination dosage had significantly lower VAS scores, and these results confirm that local injection of Lidocaine – Ketorolac combination had a superior pain-controlling effect during the first 24 hours after the biopsy procedure in comparison to Lidocaine injection alone, as measured by VAS score scale.     

卡贝缩宫素与欣母沛用于阴式分娩预防产后出血疗效观察

目的探讨卡贝缩宫素与欣母沛在阴式分娩中预防产后出血的临床效果,为临床治疗方案的选择提供理论依据。方法本研纳入2016年1~11月我院产科接收的有产后出血高危因素的产妇240例。按数字法随机分为两组,观察组(娩出后给予卡贝缩宫素)120例,对照组(胎儿娩出后应用欣母沛)120例,比较两组产妇产后2 h、4h出血量、分娩前后血红蛋白浓度下降幅度及两组不良反应情况。结果两组产时、产后2 h、4 h出血量比较差异无统学计意义(P0.05);两组分娩前后血红蛋白浓度变化比较差异无统学计意义(P0.05);观察组药物不良反应(恶心、呕吐、腹痛、面部潮红)发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论与欣母沛相比,卡贝缩宫素在预防阴式分娩产后出血方面有相同的疗效,且卡贝缩宫素不良反应较少。     

盐酸羟考酮注射液复合酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于剖宫产术后镇痛的临床观察

目的：观察盐酸羟考酮注射液复合酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果及安全性。方法选择腰?硬联合麻醉下剖宫产手术患者75例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为盐酸羟考酮组（ O组）,盐酸羟考酮复合酮咯酸氨丁三醇组（ OT组）,酮咯酸氨丁三醇组（T组）。术后镇痛泵配方为O组羟考酮1 mg／kg ＋托烷司琼5 mg;OT组羟考酮0．5 mg／kg＋酮咯酸氨丁三醇1．5 mg／kg＋托烷司琼5 mg;T组酮咯酸氨丁三醇3 mg／kg＋托烷司琼5 mg,三组均以生理盐水稀释至100 mL。观察术后6、12、24、48 h的切口痛VAS评分、宫缩痛评分及BCS评分;记录麻醉前、术后12、24、36 h血清P物质（ SP ）浓度;记录术后48 h内的不良反应,术后12、36 h的缩宫素使用量和子宫底高度。结果与T组比较,术后6、12、24 h O组和OT组的切口痛VAS评分和宫缩痛评分明显降低、BCS评分明显升高（P＜0．05）,术后12、24、36 h O组和OT组SP浓度明显降低（P＜0．05）,O组和OT组胃绞痛发生率明显降低（P＜0．05）。与术前比较,三组患者术后12、24、36 h的SP浓度均明显升高（P＜0．05）。结论盐酸羟考酮复合酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于剖宫产术后镇痛,镇痛效果好,不影响子宫复旧,不良反应少。     

酮咯酸预先镇痛联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后镇痛的效果

目的 探讨酮咯酸预先镇痛联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后镇痛的效果.方法 全凭静脉麻醉腹腔镜下胆囊切除术患者90例,随机分为3组（n=30）：生理盐水组（S组）、0.375％罗哌卡因组（L组）和0.375％罗哌卡因加酮咯酸组（T组）,各组均加舒芬太尼.其中T组于麻醉诱导前15 min静脉注射酮咯酸30 mg.观察术后镇痛效果与不良反应.结果 S组和L组苏醒时间显著短于T组（P＜0.05）.拔管后口述疼痛评分与VAS评分S组最高,L组次之,T组最低（P＜0.05）.S组要求辅助镇痛药者较其他两组多（P＜0.05）.结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,酮咯酸预先镇痛可优化罗哌卡因局部浸润麻醉的术后镇痛效果.     

Is preoperative ketorolac a useful adjunct to regional anesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy?

Background: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become a popular component of analgesia regimens, particularly in combination with narcotics. We questioned whether there might also be a place for their use in conjunction with regional anesthesia and whether there was a preferable route for NSAID administration. Methods: Ilioinguinal and field blocks were performed pre-operatively on seventy patients undergoing outpatient inguinal hernia repair. Patients were divided into a control group who received no ketorolac and four study groups who received a preoperative dose of 30 mg ketorolac by one of the following routes: IV, IM, PO, or intrawound (IW). The ketorolac in the IW group was mixed in the syringe with the local anesthetic used for the field block. IV and IM groups also received ketorolac at the time of the preoperative regional anesthesia and the PO group received the dose at least one hour preoperatively. All patients received a similar general anesthetic intraoperatively. Results: Postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements were lowest for the IM, IV, and IW groups. Pain scores and analgesic requirements for the PO group were less than for the control group but more than for the other three groups. Analgesic efficacy therefore ranked: IM = IV = IW>PO>Control. Though no differences were found between groups in the time to discharge from the recovery room, the ease of nursing care paralleled the findings for pain scores and analgesia requirements. Conclusion: Beyond the analgesia provided by the regional anesthesia of the ilioinguinal and field blocks, the preoperative use of ketorolac further reduced postoperative pain scores and the need for additional postoperative analgesic medication. Comparable outcomes for the IV, IM, and IW groups indicate the lack of any benefit to concentrating the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug at the wound (IW) or to achieving high blood levels rapidly (IV). In conclusion, ketorolac is a useful supplement to ilioinguinal plus field block regional anesthesia for hernia surgery and is most effective administered parenterally.     

Ketorolac penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid of humans

Study Objective: To determine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): total plasma concentration ratio of ketorolac tromethamine following a single intramuscular (IM) dose.

Design: Open, single-dose, IM-administration study.

Setting: General operating theaters of a medical school hospital.

Patients: 29 ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled to undergo elective surgery with spinal anesthesia.

Interventions: Patients were piemedicated with ketorolac 90 mg IM formulated as 3 ml of a 3% solution. Between 1 and hours later, an intravenous infusion of 500 ml of compound sodium lactate was begun. Lumbar puncture was then performed, and 2 ml of CSF was collected prior to administration of the spinal anesthetic. In addition, a 5 ml sample of venous blood was taken within 5 minutes of the CSF sample.

Measurements and Main Results: Simultaneous plasma and CSF concentrations of ketorolac were measured between 62 and 277 minutes following IM administration in 29 patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. The CSF concentrations were on the order of 1,000 times less than the total plasma concentrations; free concentrations of ketorolac in plasma were estimated to be about 10 times more than those in CSF. There appeared to be no constant time factor relating the appearance of ketorolac in the CSF to its plasma concentration following IM administration.

Conclusion: Although the sensitivity of central prostaglandin synthetase systems to inhibition is unknown, it is unlikely from this pharmacokinetic data that there is a major central mechanism of analgesia for ketorolac.     

痛立克在无痛人工流产术中的应用

目的：了解痛立克在人工流产术（简称人流术）中的镇痛作用。方法：选门诊健康早孕妇女２５０例，分为两组。用药组肌注痛立克３０ｍｇ，５０ｍｉｎ后施术；对照组用０．２％利多卡因３ｍｌ，宫颈及宫腔局部麻醉，２ｍｉｎ后施术。结果：用药组显效率及总有效率较对照组明显增高，（Ｐ＜０．０５及Ｐ＜０．０１），而子宫收缩及术中出血量与对照组差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：痛立克在人流术中镇痛效果较利多卡因局麻更好。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇与酒石酸布托啡诺用于膝关节周围手术术后镇痛对比研究

目的对比观察酒石酸布托啡诺与酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于骨科膝关节周围手术术后镇痛的效果。方法选择膝关节周围下肢手术60例,随机分为2组,每组30例。酒石酸布托啡诺组给予酒石酸布托啡诺10 mg;酮咯酸氨丁三醇组给予酮咯酸氨丁三醇150 mg;2组均用生理盐水稀释至100 mL,手术结束前30 min接静脉自控镇痛泵。观察记录术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h的静态和动态视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,自控镇痛按压次数,镇痛满意度及不良反应。结果 2组患者术后各时点的静态VAS评分及按压次数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后8、12、24 h的动态VAS评分酒石酸布托啡诺组明显高于酮咯酸氨丁三醇组(P<0.05);酒石酸布托啡诺组恶心、呕吐总发生率高于酮咯酸氨丁三醇组(P<0.05)。结论与酒石酸布托啡诺相比,酮咯酸氨丁三醇用于膝关节周围手术术后镇痛效果好,且不良反应少,是术后镇痛的良好选择。