Two new C-glucosyl flavonoids from Ziziphus jujube and their anti-inflammatory activity

Two new C-glucosyl flavonoids 6′′-O-feruloylspinosin and 6′′-O-feruloyl-6′′′-p-hydroxybenzoylspinosin, together with five known compounds, were isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujube (Rhamnaceae family). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences. Compounds 1–7 showed moderate inhibitory effects against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.     

红枣注射液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察红枣注射液对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：用100％红枣注射液给小鼠皮下注射，观察小鼠胸腺及脾重量、血清溶菌酶含量、T淋巴细胞酸性α－醛酸奈脂酶（ANAE）细胞百分率及T淋巴细胞转化率。结果：实验组小鼠胸腺及脾重量增加，血清溶菌酶含量增加，T淋巴细胞ANAE活性升高，T淋巴细胞转化率增高。结论：红枣注射液能使小鼠免疫器官重量增加，并能增强小鼠非特异性免疫功能及特异性细胞免疫功能。     

Physico-chemical analysis and antimicrobial potential of A pis dorsata,A pis mellifera and Z iziphus jujube honey samples from Pakistan

ObjectiveTo evaluate physico-chemical properties and antimicrobial potential of indigenous honey samples against different reference strains including Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 9027, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13883, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Rhizopus oligosporus PCSIR1, Candida albicans ATCC 14053 and Candida utilis ATCC 9950.MethodsBy using standard methods samples were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties including additive effect of starch and non-peroxidase activity, antioxidative properties (phenol contents, flavonoid contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity). Prior to this evaluation, complete physico-chemical properties including pH, color, ash contents, protein contents, moisture contents, hydroxymethyl furfural contents, total sugar contents, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar contents were analyzed.ResultsRelatively higher ash contents were found in the Siddar honey i.e. (0.590 0±0.033 6)% and small honey showed relatively higher protein contents i.e. (777.598±9.880) mg/kg. The moisture contents of tested honey samples ranged between 13.8%-16.6%, total sugar contents from 61.672%-72.420% and non-reducing sugar contents from 1.95%-3.93%. Presences of phenolic contents indicate higher antioxidant potential of these honey samples. All bacteria showed clear inhibition zones in response to tested honey samples whereas fungi and yeast showed inhibition at higher concentrations of these honey samples. For Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Aspergillus niger, overall the small honey showed the higher activity than other honey samples.ConclusionPhysico-chemical analysis of honey samples confirmed good quality of honey according to the standards set by European Union Commission and Codex Alimentarius Commission. Evaluation of these honey samples confirms antimicrobial potential of particular types of honeys indigenous to Pakistan.     

新疆大枣汁抗小鼠一次性力竭运动疲劳作用的研究

目的:研究新疆大枣汁的抗疲劳作用,初步探讨其抗疲劳作用机制.方法:将120只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为空白对照组和新疆大枣汁低、中、高剂量组,对照组小鼠以等体积蒸馏水灌胃,其余组小鼠分别以含原枣25％,50％,100％大枣汁灌胃,剂量为5,10,20 g·kg-1,容积均为20 mL·kg-1,连续ig 30 d后进行负重游泳实验,分别测定各组小鼠负重游泳时间、泳后血清乳酸(LAC)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、肝糖原含量等指标.结果:大枣汁低、中、高剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间(662±81),(784±93),(915±106)s,明显比对照组小鼠(565±86)s延长(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);大枣汁中、高剂量组小鼠泳后血清中LAC含量(10.33±2.05),(9.28±1.70) mmol·L-1比对照组小鼠(12.07±1.32)mmol·L-1显著降低(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01);大枣汁高剂量组小鼠泳后血清BUN含量(9.94±2.11)mmol·L-1与对照组小鼠(12.13±1.36)mmol·L-1比较明显降低(P＜0.05);大枣汁低、中、高剂量组小鼠泳后肝糖原含量(7.80±1.35),(8.51±1.17),(9.86±1.38) mg·g-1与对照组小鼠(6.28±1.05) mg·g-1比较明显增加(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:新疆大枣具有抗疲劳作用.     

枣叶中黄酮类化合物含量及其动态变化

目的:研究新疆阿拉尔骏枣叶、灰枣叶、酸枣叶中芦丁、柚皮苷、野黄芩苷、橙皮苷、槲皮素、山柰酚含量在一个生长周期内的动态变化,确定适宜的采摘时期,为综合开发利用枣叶提供科学依据。方法:应用高效液相色谱法测定3种枣叶中6种黄酮类成分的含量及动态变化,采用cosmosil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈(A)-0.2%甲酸水(B)溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 m L·min~(-1),检测波长280 nm,柱温25℃。结果:6种黄酮类化合物均得到良好分离,线性关系良好(r≥0.999);所检测的6个黄酮苷类成分中质量分数范围分别为芦丁1.33~11.59 mg·g~(-1),柚皮苷0.35~3.51 mg·g~(-1),野黄芩苷0.61~1.74 mg·g~(-1),橙皮苷0.11~2.81 mg·g~(-1),槲皮素0.008~0.37 mg·g~(-1),山柰酚0.01~0.03 mg·g~(-1);不同品种枣叶中的黄酮类化合物成分含量不一样,发育阶段显著影响着枣叶片的黄酮类成分质量分数,在发芽期和花期比较高,果实成熟期降到最低。结论:建立的HPLC含量测定方法简便快速,结果准确可靠、重复性好;如果以利用枣叶黄酮类化合物为目的,可以在4月初采集枣叶芽,有望获得较高的得率。     

ICU中应用葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗危重症

葶苈大枣泻肺汤由葶苈子、大枣组成,出自张仲景《金匮要略》,功效泻肺行水、下气平喘,为泻肺的峻剂。作者尝试在ICU中治疗胸腔积液、肺水肿、脑水肿等危重病患者,均取得了良好的疗效。葶苈大枣泻肺汤在ICU中有广泛的应用前景,尤其对肺水肿及胸腔积液等病症有特殊疗效,且使用安全。     

大枣中性多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

目的研究大枣中性多糖（ＪＤＰ－Ｎ）对小鼠脾细胞增殖作用及其对刀豆素Ａ（ＣｏｎＡ）活化脾细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度 （［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的影响。方法采用ＭＴＴ法测定脾细胞增殖程度,用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术测定细胞内［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ。结果 ＪＤＰ－Ｎ能促进小鼠脾细胞自发增殖反应和混合淋巴细胞培养反应,但对经ＣｏｎＡ活化、ＩＬ－２诱导的脾细胞无促进增殖 作用,且对ＣｏｎＡ活化的脾细胞内［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ无影响。结论ＪＤＰ－Ｎ仅对未活化的小鼠脾细胞有促进增殖作用。     

分光光度法测定大枣中总黄酮含量

目的:建立大枣中总黄酮含量的测定方法.方法:以Al(NO3)3,NaNO2及NaOH为显色剂,以芦丁为对照品,采用分光光度法测定.结果:红枣中总黄酮含量为2.35 mg/g.结论:方法简便易行,适用于大枣中总黄酮含量的测定.     

2015年版《中国药典》中大枣的应用探讨

目的:整理2015年版《中国药典》所有使用大枣的成方,探讨大枣在成方中的应用情况.方法:从2015年版《中国药典》中所含大枣的成方数、含大枣的成方治疗疾病的类型、剂型分类、服药方法、与大枣配伍的药物及辅料、大枣的用法用量等方面进行分析探讨.结果:共收载大枣治疗疾病的成方60个,其临床应用较为广泛,治疗疾病种类丰富,含大枣方剂所成中药剂型较多.结论:《中国药典》中大枣临床应用广泛,治疗疾病种类丰富,对现代临床应用大枣具有一定的指导作用.     

大枣多糖的分离、纯化及分子量的测定

大枣果肉用乙醇回流脱脂，80～100℃热水浸提，提取液经减压浓缩，乙醇分级沉淀，三氯乙酸脱蛋白，透析，透析内液再经减压浓缩、醇沉得到三个粗多糖ZJ—A’，ZJ—B’，ZJ—C’，ZJ—B’经DEAE—Cellulose柱、Sephacryl S—300柱反复纯化，得大枣多糖ZJ—1、ZJ—2，高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC)和常压凝胶柱色谱分析表明，ZJ—1、ZJ—2为均一多糖，HPGPC法测定分子量(MW)分别为9848、8991，紫外吸收光谱表明，ZJ—1、ZJ—2无核酸和蛋白质的特征吸收峰。