当归中藁本内酯的提取、分离与结构鉴定

运用超临界流体萃取法、水蒸气蒸馏法和有机溶剂提取法提取当归挥发油,运用硅胶柱分离纯化其主要成分藁本内酯并通过核磁共振进行结构鉴定.结果表明,超临界萃取法可以更好地提取当归挥发油,通过硅胶柱分离最终可得到纯度大于97%的藁本内酯,且为Z ligustilide.     

大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞的分离、纯化、原代培养及鉴定

目的建立大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞（alveolar typeⅡepithelial cell,AT-Ⅱ）分离、纯化、原代培养及鉴定方法。方法取Wistar大鼠肺脏,采用胰蛋白酶消化法分离AT-Ⅱ,通过差速离心法、红细胞裂解法、贴壁选择法、免疫黏附选择法纯化AT-Ⅱ,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态,鞣酸染色法进行细胞鉴定。结果与结论AT-Ⅱ呈单个或岛状生长,细胞呈圆形或椭圆形,细胞浆内有大量的反差明显的细胞小颗粒,细胞核明显。鞣酸染色法鉴定阳性。通过改进的酶消化法获得的AT-Ⅱ生长状态良好,纯度高,符合体外实验要求。     

烧伤皮肤再生疗法与创面愈合的机制

目的：从分子、细胞和整体临床治疗三个层面，解析烧伤皮肤再生疗法在烧伤创面愈合中的作用机制；论证皮肤再生医疗技术的理论基础和临床实用价值。方法：从烧伤创面坏死组织液化排除(祛腐)和创面的原位皮肤再生修复(生肌)两个关键环节，分析规范应用烧伤湿润暴露疗法和湿润烧伤膏(MEBT／MEBO)在烧伤创面愈合过程中的重要作用和临床疗效。结果：烧伤创面的生理性原位皮肤再生修复需要具备三个条件：一是烧伤创面生理湿润环境的形成；二是原位培养角蛋白19型干细胞的再生物质和组织学基础；三是规范的皮肤再生医疗技术是创面生理性再生愈合的保证一结论：潜能再生细胞理论和原位于细胞培植再生修复技术是烧伤皮肤再生疗法的理论基础和实用医疗技术。严格实施皮肤再生医疗技术的操作程序和规范的治疗方法，对烧伤创面愈合有明显促进作用，能使深度烧伤创面达到生理性再生愈合。     

Detection and molecular characterization of Peste des Petits Ruminants virus from outbreaks in Burundi,December 2017–January 2018

In December 2017, Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) emerged in Burundi (East Africa) and rapidly spread to five provinces (Gitega, Kirundo, Mwaro, Muramvya and Karuzi) in the country, causing severe disease and killing more than 4,000 goats in the province of Gitega alone. An initial outbreak investigation was conducted in December 2017 by the Burundi Government Veterinary Services and samples were collected for laboratory confirmation. A competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno‐Sorbent Assay (cELISA: Chinese Patent No. ZL201210278970.9) supplied by the Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute was used to test 112 sera and results showed around 37.5% positive samples. This high level of PPR positive sera in an animal population where PPR infection and vaccination had not been previously reported indicated the exposure of the animals to PPRV. Subsequently in January 2018, the laboratory tests conducted at the African Union‐Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (AU‐PANVAC) laboratories following a joint investigative mission by the African Union‐Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU‐IBAR), AU‐PANVAC and the East African Community (EAC) confirmed the presence of PPR in Burundi. Samples tested by conventional RT‐PCR indicated the presence of the PPR virus (PPRV). Confirmatory isolation of the virus was also performed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus belongs to lineage III and shows a close relationship with PPRV isolates from Kenya in 2011 and Uganda in 2012. A possible explanation for the outbreaks of PPR in Burundi between December 2017 and February 2018 is presented.     

大麦芽发酵物化学成分的鉴别分离及其抗缺氧效果研究

目的研究鉴别大麦芽发酵物的成分组成,分离其抗缺氧有效成分,为建立药物有效成分提取分离工艺及减少服药剂量提供科学依据.方法按药典方法测定发酵物的理化指标;发酵物分别用水和乙醇提取分离后,通过纸层析法和试管法,用特异显色剂进行化学成分鉴别;采用溶剂极性梯度、乙醇浓度梯度、酸性溶剂三种方法,分别对大麦芽发酵物搅拌回流提取两次,离心分离,回收溶剂,浓缩,低温干燥作试样;溶剂不溶物低温干燥后也作试样;选雄性健康小白鼠,按体重随机分组,每组20只.腹腔注射0.2ml药液,给药40min后,置125ml广口瓶中以橡皮塞密闭进行抗缺氧实验,观察记录动物死亡时间,同时设原发酵物和蒸馏水空白两个对照组.最后统计实验组与对照组的动物存活时间增加率,并对组间结果进行t检验.结果大麦芽发酵物含蛋白质18.99%,总糖17.50%,总酸度9.01%;纸层析法和试管法定性鉴别试样中蛋白质、糖类、有机酸、酚性物和油脂均呈阳性;不同溶剂提取物的动物密闭抗缺氧效果均非常显著高于水对照组(P＜0.01),但却明显低于原发酵物对照组.而不同溶剂不溶物的抗缺氧效果则显著优于原发酵物(P＜0.05).结论发酵物含蛋白质、肽类、氨基酸、单糖、还原糖、多糖类、有机酸、酚性物和油脂等成分.其抗缺氧有效成分可能是一类弱极性化学物质.     

SARS定点收治医院工作人员SARS冠状病毒感染的危险性调查

目的了解医院工作人员感染SARS病毒的危险性。方法对与SARS患者收治相关的工作人员进行问卷调查;用酶联免疫法检测SARS冠状病毒IgG抗体。结果发放调查问卷450份,收回问卷并采集血标本441人份。接受调查者全部按照防护规定进行个人防护。5例为SARS抗体IgG阳性,均为直接接触SARS病人和(或)与SARS病人标本或衣物直接接触者,比例为5／260;非直接接触SARS病人和(或)与SARS病人标本或衣物非直接接触者,比例为0／181,二者无统计学差异。5例SARS病毒IgG抗体阳性者分别来自SARS病房、CCU病区(该病区曾发生过临床疑似SARS病人)、儿科病房和门诊、标本转送中心及洗衣班,均不符合SARS的临床可能或疑似定义。结论医院目前的防护系统是完善的。     

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤细胞株的建立及其鉴定

目的 为了深入研究大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)细胞的生物学特性及其发生发展的机制。方法采用人LST组织进行肿瘤细胞建株及细胞分离与原代培养,传代至70代进行细胞鉴定．包括细胞的形态结构分析、染色体分析和免疫组化分析等,并与非LST细胞作对比。结果 LST细胞为上皮来源的肿瘤细胞,多形性上皮细胞占大多数,其有近似肿瘤细胞的生长特性,群体倍增时间为36h;染色体数量为42-66,85％在三倍体范围内,并具有异常染色体核型;免疫组织化学观察ESA、CK20均呈阳性;超微结构具肿瘤细胞样表现和特征。结论成功建立了1个LST细胞株,并命名为LST-R1细胞,为进一步深入研究LST细胞的生物学特性及大肠癌的发生发展机制奠定了基础。     

Assistive technology for communication of older adults: a systematic review

Objective: Describe the use of assistive technology to enhance communication opportunities for older adults.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in two databases, PubMed and Web of Science, by using two different searches in each. The search was limited to original articles, in English language, including people aged 60 years and older that used any type of assistive technology for communication. The articles found in the initial search were filtered by title, abstracts and the remaining articles were fully read.

Results: Eighteen studies were included in this review after the reading of full-texts. Most of the studies included apparently healthy participants with communication limitations due to aging related changes and the others included people with some pathology that prevent them from normal communication.

Conclusion: Four categories of assistive technology were identified: assistive technology for people with speech problems; robot or videoconferencing systems; Information and Communication Technologies and, other types of assistive technology for communication, such as hearing aids and scrapbooks. Assistive technology for communication of older adults is not only used by people with disabilities that prevent them from usual communication. They are mostly for older adults without a pathological communication problem.     

Noradrenergic modulation of gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone gene expression in the brain of Japanese quail

Gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotrophin synthesis and release in birds and mammals. In Japanese quail, GnIH neurones express the noradrenergic receptor and receive noradrenergic innervation. Treatment with noradrenaline (NA) stimulates GnIH release from diencephalic tissue blocks in vitro. However, the effects of NA on hypothalamic GnIH gene expression have not been determined. We investigated noradrenergic regulation of GnIH gene expression in the brain of male quail using the selective noradrenergic neurotoxin N‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐N‐ethyl‐2‐bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP‐4). We first showed that DSP‐4 reduced the number of noradrenergic (dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase immunoreactive) cells in the locus coeruleus (LoC) and specifically lowered the NA concentration in the hypothalamus of male quail. Other monoamines, such as dopamine and serotonin, were not affected by drug treatment. DSP‐4 did not decrease the numbers of noradrenergic cells of the lateral tegmental cell group, nor the plasma NA concentration. Decreased hypothalamic NA levels after DSP‐4 treatment did not change GnIH gene expression in the brains of quail during their interaction with conspecifics. On the other hand, GnIH gene expression increased in the brains of quail socially isolated for 1 hour after DSP‐4 treatment. These results suggest that some noradrenergic neurones have inhibitory effects on GnIH gene expression of the hypothalamus in solitary quail.     

Preservation of pancreas in the University of Wisconsin solution supplemented with AP39 reduces reactive oxygen species production and improves islet graft function

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) results in increased rates of delayed graft function and early graft loss. It has recently been reported that hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) protects organ grafts against prolonged IRI. Here, we investigated whether the preservation of pancreas in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution supplemented with AP39, which is a mitochondrial-targeted H₂S donor, protected pancreatic islets against IRI and improved islet function. Porcine pancreata were preserved in the UW solution with AP39 (UW + AP39) or the vehicle (UW) for 18 h, followed by islet isolation. The islet yields before and after purification were significantly higher in the UW + AP39 group than in the UW group. The islets isolated from the pancreas preserved in UW + AP39 exhibited significantly decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a significantly increased mitochondrial membrane potential as compared to the islets isolated from the pancreas preserved in the vehicle. We found that the pancreas preserved in UW + AP39 improved the outcome of islet transplantation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. These results suggest that the preservation of pancreas in UW + AP39 protects the islet grafts against IRI and could thus serve as a novel clinical strategy for improving islet transplantation outcomes.