琼脂糖等电聚焦法快速测定碱性磷酸酶同工酶

本研究的目的是建立高灵敏度分离碱性磷酸酶同工酶的方法，具体采用琼脂糖等电聚焦法分离其同工酶，电泳前先用神经氨酸苷酶对几种组织提取液和病人血清进行处理。该法可将肝、骨、小肠以及胎盘同工酶分离出多条区带，具有操作简单、灵敏度和分辨率高、重复性好的优点     

猴头部冲击性脑损伤的判别

为在航空弹射救生的头部冲击伤的研究中区别脑功能性与器质性损伤的界限，使用高速动态加载机，对２４只猴头进行了不同冲击载荷的撞击实验，依据有关临床诊断标准判别，冲击后８只猴发生了单纯性脑震荡，６只猴发生了脑实质性损伤，而其中的３只猴又伴有脑震荡症状。结果表明，发生了脑震荡的猴都出现了暂短生理反射减弱或消失，呼吸和心率减慢，脑干神经细胞尼氏体有减少现象脑震荡伴有脑损伤的猴脑脊液中还检出ＣＫ－ＢＢ酶和红细     

心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的临床应用研究

探讨心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ在缺血性心脏病中的诊断与鉴别方面的临床应用价值。结果表明：心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ对急性心肌梗死的诊断灵敏度高于肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶ＭＢ，乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶及α－羟丁酸脱氢酶；其特异性在稳定型心绞痛组与肌酸激酶和肌酸激酶同工酶ＭＢ相当，而较α－羟丁酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶和谷草转氨酶为高。此外，心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ对不稳定型心绞痛也有一定的诊断价值。提示心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ是一种心肌损伤的特异性标志物     

Influence of UVA and UVB irradiation on hepatic and cutaneous P450 isoenzymes

The influence of UVA and UVB irradiation of the skin for 1, 2 and 4 weeks on the activities of the hepatic and cutaneous P450 isoenzymes was investigated in female Wistar rats before and after systemic administration of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a well-known porphyrogenic agent, which additionally induces P450 1A1 and P450 1A2 isoenzymes. UVA and UVB irradiation of the skin of the controls and HCB-treated animals did not influence porphyrin metabolism. In the nonporphyric rats hepatic EROD (P450 1A1) activity was induced by UVB, but the activity of ADM (P450 2B) and EMDM (P450 3A) was either minimally or not affected. In the HCB-treated (porphyric) rats UVA and UVB irradiation resulted in a significant depression of HCB-induced EROD in the liver and in the skin. In both the nonporphyric and the porphyric rats UVA and UVB irradiation had no effect on hepatic ADM activity. In the liver of the nonporphyric animals EMDM activity remained unchanged after UVA and UVB irradiation, whereas in the HCB-treated animals the activity of this enzyme was increased. Finally, after UVA and UVB irradiation cutaneous EMDM activity was increased in the controls, whereas the HCB-induced increase of this enzyme in porphyric animals was decreased. In addition long-term (28 days) UVB irradiation decreased hepatic GSH content significantly in normal and porphyric rats. These experimental findings cannot be directly extrapolated to humans; however, they suggest that exposure of human skin to UV radiation may result in alterations in the activity of cutaneous, hepatic and other extracutaneous P450 isoenzymes. Received: 27 June 1996     

血清乳酸脱氢酶及其同工酶测定的临床价值

对171例患者及31例健康人血清LDH及其LDHi进行测定,结果发现:患者LDH总活性都普遍升高,LDHi酶谱的变化以AMI及病毒性心肌炎最为显著,其中LDHi分别为43.27%和34.86%,LDH_1/LDH_2都大于1,分别是1.58和1.30,肝炎患者LDH_5升高明显;原发性肝癌LDH总活性升高的同时LDH_5也升高,有的高达34%。     

安氟醚对体外循环下心内直视手术心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的：研究安氟醚对体外循环心内直视手术期间心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法：选择择期行心瓣膜置换的风湿性心脏病患者30例，随机分为3组，Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组在主动脉阻断前分别吸入1．0MAC、0．5MAC的安氟醚，Ⅲ组为对照组静脉给芬尼太。在围术期不同时点作血肌酸磷酸激酶(CK—MB)、脂质过氧化产物(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)测定。结果：3组患者CK—MB、MDA、SOD值均于主动脉开放即刻升高，与麻醉前、块血前比较差异有显著性(P均＜0．05)，于主动脉开放后10、30min达最大值，并高于主动脉开放即刻(P＜0．05)，术后24h虽低于主动脉开放10min时(P＜0．05)，但仍高于麻醉前。在主动脉开放即刻、10min，Ⅰ组患者CK—MB值显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(分别P＝0．0220、0．0108、0、0202和0．0295)；主动脉开放60min时，Ⅰ组患者CK—MB值也高于Ⅲ组(P＜0．0001)；在主动脉开放10、30min时，Ⅰ组MDA值明显高于Ⅱ组(分别P＝0．0060、0．0364)；在主动脉开放10min时，Ⅰ组SOD值也高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(分别P＝0．000l和0．0084)。各组CK—MB值与主动脉阻断时间至正相关(r＝0．55—0．8l，P均＜0．05)；CK—MB值与SOD、MDA值之间无明显相关性；MDA与SOD间Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组均呈正相关(r＝0．8l、0．7l，P均＜0．01)。结论：体外循环下心内直视手术期间，存在心肌缺血再灌注损伤，并伴有氧自由基产生增加和机体抗氧化的储备提高。大剂量安氟醚吸入可能对心肌酶谱及氧自由基的产生有一定的影响。     

Isoenzymatic Study of Leucocytic Acid Phosphatase in Haematologic Diagnosis

Isoenzymatic study of leucocytic acid phosphatase under normal conditions identifies 3 isoenzymatic bands, which exhibit a noticeable cell specificity. Band 2 is granulocytic, band 3 lymphocytic and band 4 monocytic in origin. Pathologic deviations in the isoenzymatic pattern are both qualitative and quantitative. For some diseases such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia there: is a well-defined, differential pattern according to immunological B- or T-cell origin. The more significant qualitative aspects are related to the appearance of abnormal bands, especially band 3b, indicating blastic cellularity, and 5, corresponding to hairy cells. The isoenzymatic analysis of acid phosphatase activity is a simple haematdogic complementary test, particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders with peripheral blood manifestations.     

常用急性心肌梗死诊断标志物临床应用价值比较

①目的　比较几种常用的急性心肌梗死 (AMI)诊断标志物的临床应用价值。②方法　检测 46例AMI病人及 62例心绞痛 (AP)病人血清中的心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ (cTnⅠ )、肌红蛋白 (Mb)、肌酸激酶 (CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB)含量 ,并进行对比分析。③结果　AMI组cTnⅠ、Mb、CK、CK MB各指标阳性率分别为 93 .48%、97.83 %、65 .2 2 %、76 .0 9% ;AP组各指标阳性率分别为 1 .68%、48.39%、32 .2 6 %、1 4 .52 %。Mb与cTnⅠ对AMI诊断灵敏度差异无显著性 (χ2 =0 .345 ,P >0 .0 5) ;两者高于CK、CK MB对AMI诊断灵敏度 (χ2 =4.1 2 8～ 9.552 ,P <0 .0 1、0 .0 5)。cTnⅠ与CK MB对AMI诊断特异度分别为 90 .32 %、85 .48% ,两者比较差异无显著意义 (χ2 =0 .683 ,P >0 .0 5) ;两者高于Mb与CK对AMI诊断特异度 (χ2 =9.538～ 2 2 .545 ,P <0 .0 1 )。④结论　cTnⅠ是诊断AMI较好指标     

Cytochemistry and biochemistry of acid phosphatases. VI: Immunoelectron microscopic studies on human prostatic and leukocytic acid phosphatases

Using different antisera against secretory and lysosomal prostatic acid phosphatases, the localization of the respective antigens was studied in the human prostate at the ultrastructural level. Secretory acid phosphatase was confined exclusively to the secretory vacuoles of the glandular cells. Discharge of the secretory material occurs in a merocrine type of secretion. The identical antigen could be localized in the primary and secondary granules of neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes separated from human peripheral blood. The antiserum used was also cross-reactive with the canine prostate, where a very distinct immunoreaction was observed with the secretory granules of the glandular cells. The antibodies directed against lysosomal acid phosphatases prepared from prostatic homogenates consistently gave a positive immunoreaction with dense bodies, lipofuscin, and secretory granules. The respective antigens were present also in neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes. These findings do not identify the existence of a prostate-specific acid phosphatase, which does not exist. The secretory form of the isoenzymes, however, is clearly distinct from the lysosomal form, both of which are present in granulocytes. Therefore the origin of acid phosphatases elevated in peripheral blood in cases of metastatic prostatic cancer could be either the carcinomatous cells or leukocytes destroyed during the process of metastasis.     

Macro creatine kinase type 2: A marker of myocardial damage in infants?

The case histories of two children (aged two months) affected by myocarditis showing an atypical band of serum creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2; CK) in the CK isoenzyme electrophoretic pattern are reported. The electrophoretic mobility on cellulose acetate of the atypical iso-CK band and its greater relative molecular mass, the lack of binding with immunoglobulins and the result of CK-BB determination by RIA, allowed us to identify the band with an oligomeric form of the mitochondrial isoenzyme. One child died 2 days after admission, while in the other it was possible to demonstrate reduction and disappearance of the atypical band in concomitance with a marked clinical improvement. Our findings suggest that the oligomeric form of mitochondrial-CK is released in conditions of serious heart muscle damage, and that it may be an indicator of myocardial cellular necrosis in pediatric patients.