Dynorphins directly inhibit neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in PC12 cells

The authors have previously reported that dynorphin A (1-17), an endogenous kappa opioid agonist, inhibits the current mediated through neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) without the involvement of opioid receptors or G-proteins. We have further characterized this action to elucidate the mechanisms. The nicotine-induced current was studied in PC12 cells using patch-clamp techniques. In the whole-cell configuration, four kinds of dynorphins with different lengths, dynorphin A (1-17) (1-13) (2-13) and (1-8), similarly inhibited the nicotine-induced inward current at 1 microM and accelerated the current decay. The inhibition by dynorphin A (1-17) was not antagonized by the increasing concentrations of nicotine. The current-voltage relationship revealed that dynorphin's inhibition was voltage independent at the membrane potentials from -30 to -70 mV. The inhibition was not affected by pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) or inclusion of staurosporine into the pipette solution. The inhibitory effect of dynorphin A (1-17) was well preserved in the outside-out patch configuration. Analysis of the nicotine-induced noise and single-channel kinetics revealed that dynorphin A(1-17) reduced open time without changing the amplitude of the unitary current. We found that the inhibitory effect on neuronal nAChRs is shared by all four dynorphins studied. The inhibition appears to be non-competitive and voltage independent. The outside-out recording together with other experiments indicated that a major part of this inhibition is not mediated through cytoplasmic messengers, but based on the direct action of dynorphins on neuronal nAChRs leading to the reduction of open time.     

激光治疗闭角型青光眼

目的：评价激光虹膜切除治疗闭角型青光眼临床疗效。方法：应用Nd：YAG激光于上方或下方作周边虹膜切除。结果：107例122眼闭角型青光眼术后经过2—106月随访观察，成功115眼，失败7眼。结论：激光虹膜切除术治疗闭角型青光眼安全、有效。     

口腔愈疡颗粒质量标准的建立

目的：建立口腔愈疡颗粒的质量标准。方法：采用高效液相色谱法对成品中芍药苷进行含量测定。结果：芍药香浓度线性范围为：0．104—0．520μg/ml,γ=0.9993。样品平均回收率为98．85％，RSD为1．27％(n＝5)。结论：该方法适用于口腔愈疡颗粒的质量控制。     

磁极化生物平衡离子吸附疗法治疗老年人心脑血管病危险因素的临床研究

目的 探讨磁极化生物平衡离子吸附降脂降粘疗法(也称之为洗血疗法)对老年心脑血管病危险因素的临床疗效。方法 应用磁极化生物平衡离子吸附疗法对22例老年患有心脑血管病危险因素的患者进行治疗,并对临床各项指标进行对照比较。结果 22例患者治疗前后的血流变学指标、血脂等均有明显改善。治疗前患者的TCHO(胆固醇)、TG(甘油三酯)分别为(6.21±1.14)mmol/L和(6.78±5.13)mmol/L;治疗后分别为(4.36±0.99)mmol/L和(2.41±2.10)mmol/L,P<0.05,均显著降低。治疗前患者的HCT(红细胞压积)、PFC(纤维蛋白)、NP(血浆粘度)、NR(全血粘度)、VAI(细胞聚集指数)分别为(0.441±0.042)V、(4.11±1.78)g/L、(3.86±1.98)mpa.s、(5.68±0.79)mpa.s和0.89土0.23;治疗后分别为(0.344±0,061)V、(2.21±1.12)g/L、(1.49±0.40)mpa.s、(3.21±0.56)mpa.s和0.40±0.15,治疗前后对照比较,P<0.02。结论本方法对老年人心脑血管病危险因素的治疗是有效的。     

Estimation of the amniotic fluid volume using the Cavalieri method on ultrasound images.

OBJECTIVES: Presently, a design-based and practical method for measuring amniotic fluid volume (AFV) for routine clinical examinations has not been proposed. In this study we describe a new method, which combines the Cavalieri method with ultrasound imaging to estimate AFV. METHODS: We measured the AFVs of 14 women in the third trimester of pregnancy, and repeated our measurements three times for each woman. Parallel planimetric ultrasonographic images were obtained at every 2 cm along the longitudinal uterine axis. AFVs were calculated as the total of the multiples of the estimated cut surface areas by the section thickness. RESULTS: The mean estimated AFV was 380.5 cm3. The coefficient of error of each measurement was calculated and the mean was 0.108. The coefficient of correlation between the amniotic fluid index and our AFV estimations was 0.87. CONCLUSIONS: Design-based and efficient estimation of AFV is possible with the combination of consecutive ultrasound images and the Cavalieri method.     

离子抑制色谱法测定琥乙红霉素含量及其有关物质

目的　建立离子抑制色谱法测定琥乙红霉素原料的含量及有关物质的方法 ,并研究其影响因素。方法　采用ZorbaxSB -C1 8色谱柱 ,以 0 .0 2mol·L- 1 KH2 PO4 乙腈 ( 4 5∶5 5 ,用氨试液调至pH 6 .8)为流动相 ,流速 1.2mL·min- 1 ,检测波长 2 10nm ,柱温 ( 30± 0 .5 )℃。结果　在选定固定相条件下 ,流动相对组分的洗脱和选择性影响最大 ,柱温次之 ,琥乙红霉素在乙腈中比较稳定。测定了有效主成分琥乙红霉素A的含量以及 7个有关物质的总含量 ,琥乙红霉素A的平均回收率为 99.4 5 %(RSD =2 .2 4 % ,n =5 )。结论　本方法可用于琥乙红霉素原料的含量测定和有关物质的检查。     

"培土宁风法"探析

通过文献追溯发现，“培土宁风法”肇始于《内经》，发展于仲景及唐、宋，发微于金、元、明、清，王旭高则明确提出“培土宁风法”。本法之含义：一是通过健脾益气，实卫固表，达到抵御或祛除外邪；二是通过补益脾胃，益气滋阴，达到预防或消除内生风邪。     

中医药治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

阐述了中医对恶性肿瘤病因病机的认识及治则治法，对目前中医药治疗恶性肿瘤的几种新思路进行了探讨．在指出中医药治疗恶性肿瘤中存在的问题的同时，提出了笔者的几点建议。     

γ—干扰素对喉癌细胞株HEP—2增殖活性的影响

用单克隆抗体Ｋｉ－６７（抗ＰＣＮＡ），以链霉菌素－生物素技术（ＬＳＡＢ）检测喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达。人重组γ－干扰素（ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ）抑制ＰＣＮＡ表达（即抗增殖活性）强弱与其剂量有关；雌激素对ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ抗增殖作用无影响。提示：ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ对喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２有抗增殖作用，因而在喉癌的治疗中具有应用价值的。     

喉癌人乳头瘤病毒感染和p53蛋白表达的研究

对４４例喉鳞癌和１６例声带息肉患者采用原位核酸杂交技术探测其人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）６Ｂ，１１，１６，１８型ＤＮＡ同源序列及ＬＳＡＢ免疫组化法探测其Ｐ５３蛋白的表达，结果：（１）喉癌与ＨＰＶ１６／１８杂交阳性率为４３．２％（１９／４４），声带息肉为１２．５％（２／１６）（Ｐ〈０．０５）（２）喉癌ｐ５３蛋白阳性率为５６．８％（２５／４４），声带息肉全部为阴性；（３）喉癌ＨＰＶ１６／１８杂交及ｐ５３蛋白