Rates of alcohol consumption and risk status among Australian university students vary by assessment questions

Introduction and Aims. Different self‐report methods tend to produce different estimates of alcohol consumption. The present study compares differences in rates and risk levels based on responses to a modified version of the Daily Drinking Questionnaire (m‐DDQ) and quantity‐frequency (QF) questions. Design and Methods. The sample comprised 2082 university students, 61% of whom were female and 39% male with a mean age of 23.5 years. An email containing an online link to a brief six‐question survey was emailed to students enrolled in participating faculties at the University of Wollongong, Australia. Current drinkers completed m‐DDQ and QF questions about alcohol consumption. Results. QF methods identified significantly lower estimates of consumption (Mean = 9.15, SD = 12.51) compared with m‐DDQ (Mean = 13.06, SD = 14.07). Allocation to risk categories based on the Australian Alcohol Guidelines were conducted for both the m‐DDQ and QF methods. Almost twice as many students were found to be drinking at levels considered risky using the m‐DDQ method compared with QF. In addition, the relative rank order of participants varied significantly between the two methods. Discussion and Conclusions. The m‐DDQ method identified higher rates of drinking and categorised almost twice as many individuals into risky categories of drinking compared with QF. Such variations have major implications for identification of risk groups in health promotion or prevention programs.[Utpala‐Kumar R, Deane FP. Rates of alcohol consumption and risk status among Australian university students vary by assessment questions. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]     

Fat and water separation in balanced steady-state free precession using the Dixon method.

In this work the feasibility of separating fat and water signals using the balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) technique is demonstrated. The technique is based on the observation (Scheffler and Hennig, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2003;49:395-397) that at the nominal values of TE = TR/2 in SSFP imaging, phase coherence can be achieved at essentially only two orientations (0 degrees and 180 degrees ) relative to the RF pulses in the rotating frame, under the assumption of TR < T2, and independently of the SSFP angle. This property allows in-phase and out-of-phase SSFP images to be obtained by proper choices of the center frequency offset, and thus allows the Dixon subtraction method to be utilized for effective fat-water separation. The TR and frequency offset for optimal fat-water separation are derived from theories. Experimental results from healthy subjects, using a 3.0 Tesla system, show that nearly complete fat suppression can be accomplished.     

瘦蛋白的分子生物学特性研究进展

瘦蛋白 (leptin)是由肥胖基因编码、脂肪细胞分泌的一种分子量为 16kDa的蛋白质 ,是一种重要的代谢调节信号 ,对人和动物的采食量、能量代谢、繁殖性能等具有重要调节功能 ,对人肥胖病的治疗和改善动物的生产性能、胴体组成等有良好的潜在应用前景 .主要概述了瘦蛋白基因的克隆、转录、表达调控以及瘦蛋白受体与信号转导等分子生物学特性     

螺旋CT三维重建成像在先天性高肩胛症手术方式选择中的作用

[目的]探讨螺旋CT三维重建技术在先天性高肩胛症分度和手术方式选择中的作用。[方法]22例先天性高肩胛症术前应用螺旋CT对病变部位进行扫描并三维重建，测量以肩胛骨肩胛冈内侧缘为参照点，两侧肩胛骨高度差。根据测量结果依据Cavendish分度将其分类，并根据三维重建成像选择不同的矫形手术术式。[结果]本组22例病人，随访2—4年，外观及功能均有不同程度的改善，未出现神经、血管和椎体等的损伤。[结论]根据螺旋CT扫描和三维重建检查结果，术前即可直观的明确先天性高肩胛症的病变程度，相互关系，伴发畸形，患侧肩胛骨与正常对侧肩胛骨的外观差异等，便于手术操作方案的制定，避免了手术操作的盲目性，减少医源性并发症的发生。     

ANALYSIS OF BURIED BUMPER SYNDROME AFTER PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY DUE TO USE OF A BUTTON‐TYPE KIT

Background: Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) is a rare complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Along with the widespread use of the button‐type kit, BBS is encountered frequently. Methods: In the present study, we examined causes and treatments for BBS among 1400 patients who had undergone PEG. Results: The causes of BBS after PEG were classified into two categories: early causes consisted of wound infection, inappropriate size of kit and severe lordosis, while late causes were inappropriate exchange of kit, rough management or weight gain. The treatments for BBS could be determined by the degree of wound infection, fistula and burial of the bumper. Conclusion: We prepared a flowchart for replacement, by which BBS can be managed safely and quickly without surgical or endoscopic intervention.     

A simple and reliable method for rapidly harvesting split skin grafts in rats

A technique is presented which allows the rapid precise harvesting of split-skin grafts in rats. This technique uses the skin which would have been discarded in the formation of an open wound as a donor site thus reducing the overall assault on the animal.     

脂肪族聚酯与高氯酸锂络合物的结构与导电性

本文通过酯交换反应合成了一系列脂肪族聚丁二酸酯,对他们的结构和性能作了表征。发现聚酯存在多晶现象,其熔点有奇偶性变化规律。探索了由此系列聚酯与高氯酸锂形成的固体电解质的结构和离子导电性。无机盐的加入提高了电解质的玻璃化温度但降低了聚酯的熔点及结晶度。聚酯电解质的晶体类似于聚酯,其无机盐主要溶解于聚酯的无定形区域。聚酯系列电解质的导电率也有偶奇效应,与熔点变化相反;熔点高的电解质导电率低,熔点低的电解质导电率高。电解质的导电率随温度改变而变化,在室温下电解质的导电率可达10~(-6)s/cm。高分子链上侧基的引入将大大降低电解质的导电性。     

关附甲素对豚鼠乳头肌动作电位最大除极速度的频率依赖性抑制作用

应用标准微电极技术，研究了关附甲素对豚鼠右心室乳头肌动作电位最大除极速率(V_max)的频率依赖性抑制作用(RDB)，并与美西律，奎尼丁，劳卡尼进行了比较. 在相同刺激间隔(300 ms)，产生50%左右RDB的药物浓度下，美西律的RDB开始最快，其第2个V_max所产生的抑制已占RDB的64%，奎尼丁，劳卡尼和关附甲素的RDB开始速率常数分别为每个动作电位0.165, 0.076和0.136. 美西律，奎尼丁，劳卡尼和关附甲素产生RDB的恢复时间常数分别为1.4, 9.0, 18.2和44.0 s，而且它们的恢复时间常数是不依赖于药物浓度而变化的，结果提示，关附甲素是一个慢动力学钠通道阻滞剂.     

一次手术法对自制两段式种植体种植效果的实验研究

本实验用自制纯钛两段式种植体,以一次手术法植入到狗的下颌前磨牙区,观察5个月,结果表明,观察期间内牙龈无炎症,种植体稳固,X线片显示种植体周围无透射区,镜下可见种植体表面与牙龈之间形成上皮附着样结构,与骨组织之间大多呈骨性愈合。提示了两段式种植体有两种设计和手术方式可供选择。骨内部分在开放的环境中也可达到骨性愈合。