甲状腺功能异常者摄碘率与血液中NIS-Ag甲状腺过氧化物酶的相关性研究*

目的 探讨甲状腺功能减退（甲减）和甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）患者治疗前后摄碘率（RAIU）与甲状腺钠/碘同向转运体抗原（NIS-Ag）、甲状腺过氧化物酶（TPO）含量变化的相关性。方法 选取2015年2月— 2016年8月濮阳市安阳地区医院36例健康体检人员和108例甲状腺疾病就诊患者做为研究对象。电化学发光法检测血清中游离三碘甲状腺素原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素原氨酸（FT4）和促甲状腺激素（TSH）含量。用甲状腺摄碘功能仪分别检测各组的3?h RAIU、24?h RAIU,用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血浆中NIS-Ag、TPO含量,比较各组别RAIU、NIS-Ag、TPO含量,并分析患者药物治疗前后RAIU与NIS-Ag、TPO相关性。结果 FT3、FT4、TSH含量,除甲减摄碘率增高组和减低组之间比较无差异外,其余各组含量比较,差异有统计学意义（均P?<0.05）。甲减摄碘率增高组和减低组FT3、FT4含量最低,TSH最高;甲亢组FT3、FT4含量最高,TSH 最低。各组治疗前3?h RAIU、24?h RAIU、NIS-Ag及TPO含量比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。24?h RAIU、 3?h RAIU、NIS-Ag及TPO在甲减甲状腺摄碘率减低组中最低,而在甲亢组中最高。各患病组3?h RAIU、24?h RAIU与NIS-Ag、TPO均呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）,但在正常组该指标间无相关性（P?>0.05）。各组治疗后24?h RAIU、3?h RAIU、NIS-Ag及TPO值均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。各患病组治疗后3?h RAIU、24?h RAIU与NIS-Ag、TPO均呈正相关,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。结论 甲减患者和甲亢患者RAIU与NIS-Ag、TPO存在正相关性;药物治疗能降低RAIU、NIS-Ag及TPO。     

MEBO治疗急诊皮肤软组织挫擦伤的临床体会

目的：观察应用湿润烧伤膏治疗急诊皮肤软组织挫擦伤的临床效果。方法：采用随机单盲对比方法分组观察湿润烧伤膏和高效碘（络合碘）对各种不同急诊皮肤软组织挫擦伤的治疗效果，主要观察指标包括创面的愈合方式、3个月的瘢痕生长率、局部治疗反应、药物止痛效果及毒副作用等。结果：湿润烧伤膏治疗皮肤软组织挫擦伤，不仅止痛效果好、快、病人换药时痛苦少，而且抗感染作用强，愈合时间短，无或少瘢痕愈合，愈合创面留存色素沉着现象少，毒、副作用少，病人耐受性好。结论：湿润烧伤膏是一种效果显的治疗皮肤软组织挫擦伤的首选外用药。     

Cardiac metabolism: A technical spectrum of modalities including positron emission tomography,single-photon emission computed tomography,and magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Noninvasive techniques for the assessment of cardiac metabolism are important for the detection of potentially salvageable tissue in jeopardized areas of the myocardium. The correct identification of hibernating and stunned myocardium in patients with severely depressed cardiac function can have vital therapeutic consequences for the patient. Changes in myocardial fatty acid and glucose metabolism during acute and prolonged ischemia can be traced by positron-emitting or gamma-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Alternatively,³¹P-labeled magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used for the assessment of high-energy phosphate metabolism. It is not yet clear which modality will emerge as the most useful in the clinical setting. Positron emission tomography (PET) that uses combinations of flow tracers and metabolic tracers offers unique opportunities for quantification and high-resolution static and rapid dynamic studies. Currently, assessment of glucose metabolism with¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose is regarded as the gold standard for myocardial viability and prediction of improvement of impaired contractile function after revascularization. However, preserved oxidative metabolism may be required for potential functional improvement, and therefore assessment of residual oxidative metabolism by¹¹C-labeled acetate PET may prove to be more accurate than¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, which reflects both anaerobic and oxidative metabolism. Moreover, because fatty acids are metabolized only aerobically, they are excellent candidates for the clinical assessment of myocardial viability and prediction of functional improvement after revascularization. Especially derivatives of fatty acids that are not metabolized but accumulate in the myocyte are attractive for myocardial imaging. Examples are¹²³I-beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid and 15-(o-¹²³I-phenyl)-pentadecanoic acid. These tracers can be detected by planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography, which are more economical and widely available than PET. In addition, 511 keV collimators have been developed recently, making the detection of positron emitters by planar scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography feasible. The experience with³¹P-labeled magnetic resonance spectroscopy in humans is still limited. With current magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques, insufficient spatial resolution is achieved for clinical purposes, but the possibility of serial measurements to monitor rapid changes of phosphate-containing molecules in time makes magnetic resonance spectroscopy very valuable for the research of myocardial metabolism.     

hTERT启动子调控hNIS基因介导肺癌细胞碘摄取和131I治疗的实验研究

目的 构建含人端粒酶反转录酶(hTERT)核心启动子调控的人钠/碘同向转运体(hNIS)基因重组腺病毒,并靶向转染至肺癌A549细胞中特异性表达.探讨hTERT启动子调控的hNIS基因介导放射性碘治疗肿瘤的可能性.方法 应用AdEasy系统构建重组腺病毒Ad-hTERT-hNIS,同时构建巨细胞病毒(CMV)启动子调控的hNIS重组腺病毒Ad-CMV.hNIS作为阳性对照,不含hNIS的重组腺病毒Ad-CMV作为阴性对照.应用反转录.聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法验证hTERT在转染肿瘤细胞中的转录活性,摄碘实验检测表达的hNIS蛋白功能,细胞克隆形成实验评价131I对转染肿瘤细胞的毒性作用.结果 成功构建重组腺病毒Ad-hTERT-hNIS、Ad-CMV-hNIS及Ad-CMV,并经PCR验证正确.RT-PCR证实hNIS cDNA能从Ad-hTERT-hNIS转染的细胞中扩增出来.Ad-hTERT-hNIS和Ad-CMV-hNIS转染的肺癌A549细胞摄碘能力比阴性对照组Ad-CMV转染的细胞分别提高了23和31倍,且摄碘能力可以被NaClO4抑制.Ad-hTERT-hNIS和Ad-CMV-hNIS转染的肺癌A549细胞均可被131I杀死,2组细胞成活率分别为(31.2±1.45)%和(23.6±4.08)%,而阴性对照组和未转染病毒组分别为(89.0 ±2.99)%和(91.2 ±4.63)%.结论 hTERT启动子调控的hNIS重组腺病毒转染肿瘤细胞后,应用131I治疗有望成为一种新的基因靶向治疗手段.     

甲状腺癌131Ⅰ治疗患者被服清洁解控方案的构建

目的 构建131I治疗甲状腺癌患者被服清洁解控方案,为临床被服清洁解控的开展提供借鉴。方法 通过临床调研、文献研究、影响因素分析、半结构访谈和课题组讨论,构建131I治疗甲状腺癌患者被服清洁解控方案初稿。采用德尔菲专家咨询法,选取30名专家进行2轮专家咨询,结合研究小组讨论构建131I治疗患者被服清洁解控方案。结果 2轮专家咨询问卷回收率均为100%,第2轮咨询中,各条目的变异系数为0.00~0.24,重要性得分为4.13~5.00分,专家权威系数为0.867,一级、二级、三级指标的肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.475、0.420、0.292（均P＜0.05）,形成的131I治疗甲状腺癌患者被服清洁解控方案包括5个一级指标、20个二级指标、59个三级指标。结论 131I治疗甲状腺癌患者被服清洁解控方案构建过程规范严谨,可为临床131I治疗甲状腺癌患者被服的清洁解控提供指引。     

血管内皮细胞增殖过程中碘离子与MEK1表达及磷酸化关系的研究

目的研究血管内皮细胞(VEC)增殖过程中碘离子(I-)与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1(MEK1)表达及其磷酸化的关系,探讨高碘促VEC增殖效应的作用通路。方法 1将体外培养的VEC分为空白对照组和不同碘离子浓度的实验组。2采用蛋白质印迹技术(Western blot)检测不同碘离子浓度培养环境中MEK1蛋白表达量及磷酸化水平。结果 1在300μg/L碘离子浓度组,MEK1蛋白相对表达量高于其他组(P<0.05)。2 500μg/L、1 000μg/L碘离子浓度可促进MEK1(Ser298位点)磷酸化水平上调(P<0.05)。3各实验组MEK1(Thr286位点)磷酸化水平下调(P<0.05)。结论碘促VEC增殖可能与胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)通路的激活有关。     

10%聚维酮碘乳膏治疗皮肤感染性创面的疗效

目的观察10%聚维酮碘乳膏治疗皮肤感染性创面的疗效。 方法收集华中科技大学同济医学院附属梨园医院收治的50例出现皮肤感染性创面患者,随机分为观察组与对照组（每组各25例患者）,观察组患者给予10%聚维酮碘乳膏治疗,对照组患者则给予常规敷药治疗,比较两组患者治疗有效率和创面愈合时间。 结果观察组和对照组患者的治疗有效率分别为96%和80%,差异具有统计学意义（t = 15.62,P = 0.02）。观察组和对照组患者平均创面愈合时间分别为（5.3±0.4）d和（10.3±1.3）d,差异具有统计学意义（χ²= 8.654,P = 0.03）。 结论使用10%聚维酮碘乳膏能够有效治疗皮肤感染性创面,有利于患者预后,同时缩短创面的愈合时间。     

Temporary dermal scatter reduction: quantitative assessment and implications for improved laser tattoo removal

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporary dermal clearing, i.e., reduction in the attenuation coefficient of the dermis and epidermis, may lead to improved laser tattoo removal by providing increased efficiency of laser delivery to embedded ink particles and enabling the use of shorter wavelength visible lasers more effective on certain inks. STUDY DESIGNS/MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a hairless guinea pig model of human tattoo, we tested both intradermal and transdermal application of glycerol, using visual inspection, spectral analysis, and optical coherence tomography techniques to assess effectiveness. In controlled experiments, we compared the outcomes of single laser treatment sessions for both cleared and uncleared tattoo sites using Q-switched 755 and 532 nm lasers on three different inks. RESULTS: Intradermal injection of clearing agents induced dermal clearing but resulted in necrosis and scar. Transdermal application of clearing agents resulted in moderate reversible clearing, which was localized to the superficial layers of the skin and did not result in complications. Statistically significant differences in laser treatment outcome were observed relative to a number of treatment parameters including the treatment of certain tattoos by short wavelength lasers. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary clearing of superficial skin layers may be performed in an apparently safe and reliable manner. Clearing should lead to increased penetration of laser light to tattoos and should, therefore, increase treatment efficiency. Further study is needed to determine the degree to which this change is of clinical value.     

基于碘浓度值评估肾脏光谱CT增强皮质期不同单能级图像

目的采用碘浓度值评估肾脏光谱CT增强皮质期不同单能级图像以确定最佳单能级。方法回顾性分析50例肾功能正常并行腹部光谱CT增强检查的患者,对皮质期图像行碘浓度值及不同光谱单能级图像CT值测量,并分析其相关性及CT值变异系数。结果相关性分析提示皮质期肾皮质在40、50、60、70、80、90及100 keV能级CT值与碘浓度值相关系数分别为0.994、0.994、0.993、0.987、0.976、0.960及0.938(P均<0.001)。相关系数比较显示40、50 keV能级(P=0.007)及60 keV能级(P=0.030)相关系数均显著大于70 keV能级相关系数,40、50 keV能级与60 keV能级相关系数之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.590)。肾皮质CT值在40、50、60 keV能级的变异系数分别为0.21、0.20及0.19。结论 60 keV是肾皮质光谱CT增强扫描皮质期最佳单能级。     

低碘浓度对比剂结合Z-dom及iDose4技术在颈部CT血管造影中的应用

目的：探讨低碘浓度对比剂结合Z轴自动管电流调制（Z-dom）及第四代高级迭代重建（iDose4）技术在颈部CT血管造影（CTA）中的应用价值,以降低对比剂及电离辐射伤害。方法：收集2018 年10月至2019年9月温州医科大学附属第二医院行颈部CTA检查患者100例,随机分成2组：常规组50例,行常规扫描,即120 kV、250 mAs、碘海醇（350 mgI/mL）及滤波反投影法（FBP）重建;低剂量组50例,120 kV、Z-dom自动管电流、碘克沙醇（270 mgI/mL）及iDose4迭代重建。比较2组碘注射量及辐射剂量,在颈总动脉和颈内动脉起始层面进行客观评价,并对图像进行主观评价。结果：碘注射量低剂量组[（16.61±2.87）g]比常规组[（22.82±3.81）g]低（P ＜0.01）;管电流低剂量组[（149.22±70.49）mAs]比常规组（250 mAs）低（P ＜0.01）;低剂量组容积CT剂量指数（CTDIvol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）及有效剂量（ED）均较常规组低（均P ＜0.01）。2组图像客观评价：低剂量组两层面血管CT值和背景噪声均低于常规组,颈总动脉起始层面信噪比（SNR）、对比噪声比（CNR）均高于常规组（均P ＜0.001）;主观评价：2名医师主观评分Kappa值为0.765,一致性良好,常规组评分为（3.44±0.48）分,低剂量组为（3.60±0.47）分,2组差异无统计学意义（t>1.676,P =0.097）,2组图像均可满足诊断需要。结论：低碘浓度对比剂结合Z-dom及iDose4 技术在颈部CTA检查中,其图像质量优于常规组,能够满足诊断需要,同时可降低患者碘注射量及电离辐射剂量。