恶性梗阻性黄疸介入治疗并发症分析及其防治的探讨

目的探讨经皮经肝胆管引流和置入内支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的方法及并发症的预防。方法65例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者接受经皮经肝胆管引流和置入内支架治疗。其中肝门部肝癌18例,胆管癌16例,胆囊癌累及胆总管3例,胃癌肝门淋巴结转移16例,胰腺癌8例,胆肠吻合术后吻合口狭窄4例。结果20例放置了胆管支架,其中2例因左右肝总管梗阻各放置了2枚金属内支架;15例放置了内外引流管;29例单纯放置外引流管;1例右侧胆管放置支架,左侧放置内外引流管。与操作有关的并发症为胆管出血2例,其中胆管出血致出血性休克1例;感染4例,2例出现败血症;肝功能损害5例;局限胆汁性腹膜炎并发反应性胸腔积液1例;电解质紊乱1例;引流管部分移位或脱出8例;引流管阻塞2例;支架置入后早期发生再狭窄1例。结论恶性梗阻性黄疸介入治疗方法简单、疗效确切,正确选择适应证、规范操作技术可以减少并发症的发生。     

Elective coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention during uninterrupted warfarin therapy.

The management of patients anticoagulated with warfarin and referred for coronary angiography presents a substantial challenge to the physician who must minimize risks of periprocedural hemorrhage and thromboembolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of performing diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention during uninterrupted warfarin therapy. Patients treated with warfarin were prospectively identified and enrolled in the study. Nineteen diagnostic cardiac catheterizations and six percutaneous coronary interventions were performed in 23 patients. The mean international normalized ratio was 2.4 +/- 0.5 (range, 1.8-3.5). Hemostasis was achieved with AngioSeal following 21 procedures and with Perclose following 4 procedures. No patient experienced a predefined endpoint. Specifically, no patient experienced procedure-related myocardial infarction, major or minor bleeding. We conclude that cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention may be considered in the setting of uninterrupted warfarin therapy.     

A new technique for muscle flap closure of the empyema space in complicated chronic bronchopleural fistula

OBJECTIVES: It is difficult to close the empyema space once it is opened, especially in cases complicated with a chronic bronchopleural fistula. A muscle flap closure is generally employed to prevent this situation. However, this operation occasionally fails because the space newly recurs around the fistula due to atrophic change occurring in these translocated muscles. The aim of the present new technique was to prevent inspiratory pressure from the inside of the bronchus by bronchial emboli, and help the adhesion between the fistula stump and the muscle flap, even if they have become atrophic and no longer have sufficient volume to fill the entire empyema space. METHODS: We carried out fiberscopic embolism of causative bronchioles followed by muscle flap closure in 4 patients in whom open drainage had already been performed against parapneumonic empyema within the bronchial fistula. The bronchial fistula was plugged from the inside of the bronchus by silicon material, and stainless steel wire was used to connect this plug tightly to the muscle flaps, so that the fistula was sandwiched between them. In all cases, we succeeded in complete closure of the bronchial fistula and empyema space without using the omentum, and there has been no recurrence. CONCLUSION: The presented new technique was beneficial for achieving muscle flap closure of the empyema space with a chronic bronchopleural fistula.     

Single-step transvaginal aspiration and drainage for suspected pelvic abscesses refractory to antibiotic therapy.

OBJECTIVE: For treatment of suspected pelvic abscesses, the use of the trocar technique avoids many of the technical challenges of the Seldinger method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of sonographically guided transvaginal aspiration or drainage with the trocar technique in suspected pelvic abscesses that were refractory to antibiotic treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 22 patients with suspected pelvic abscesses refractory to antibiotic therapy who underwent single-step transvaginal pelvic aspiration or drainage between 1995 and 2000. RESULTS: Transvaginal aspiration or drainage was successful in 19 (86%) of the 22 patients. Of the 3 patients in whom aspiration or drainage failed, all ultimately went on to have surgery despite undergoing repeated drainage procedures. Drainage catheters were placed in 15 (68%) of the 22 patients and left in place an average of 3.7 days. Aspiration alone resulted in a 100% success rate, whereas drainage with catheter placement resulted in an 80% success rate. No complications, including bleeding, bowel perforation, and death, were reported in any of the procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal ultrasonographically guided aspiration or catheter placement with the trocar technique is a safe and effective treatment for suspected pelvic abscesses refractory to antibiotic therapy.     

Novel use of the Amplatzer duct occluder to close perivalvar leak involving a prosthetic mitral valve.

Perivalvar leak following atrioventricular valve replacement can result in heart failure or hemolytic anemia. These patients may be poor surgical candidates given a complex clinical condition. We describe transcatheter closure of a perivalvar leak in a 3-month infant who had undergone left atrioventricular valve replacement with a St. Jude's prosthesis.     

体部动静脉畸形介入栓塞治疗的临床应用

目的　探讨体部简单动静脉畸形和复杂动静脉畸形的栓塞方法。方法　使用金属钢圈、液性组织胶、可脱离球囊分别对1 0例体部动静脉畸形栓塞。简单动静脉畸形采用金属钢圈或可脱离球囊对供血动脉直接栓塞以闭塞畸形的血管。复杂动静脉畸形采用组织胶栓塞异常血管团 ,阻断多支动脉供血或防止侧枝血管建立引起的复发。结果　 1 0例体部动静脉畸形栓塞后畸形血管完全闭塞 ,经 1～ 6年随访无复发。结论　介入栓塞对体部动静脉畸形是一种方法简便、疗效可靠的治疗方法 ,是临床治疗体部动静脉畸形的首选方法     

Mechanism and Etiology of Primary Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma

The ocular anatomic features, pupil-blocking force, status of angle synechiae closure and positivity of provocative tests were compared between the primary chronic angle closure glaucoma (PCACG) and primary a-cute angle closure glaucoma (PAACG) by using ultrasonic biometry, computerized anterior ocular segment image processing technique, gonioscopy and provocative tests. The studies showed that the anterior chamber depth of PAACG was shallower than that of PCACG; the pupil-blocking force of PAACG was stronger than that of PCACG; the status of angle synechiae closure of PCACG were mainly creeping synechiae closure; the positivity of mydriasis test was much higher (46. 01%) in PCACG than that (6. 8%) in PAACG after iridectomy. These facts suggest approximately half of the PCACG cases may be multi-mechanism to contribute to the angle closure besides the mechanism of pupillary block. Therefore, the authors emphasis that the pupillary block must be eliminated as well as the other mechanism for the treatment     

门静脉血栓形成的TIPS治疗和临床结果

目的 研究和评价经皮治疗门静脉及其属支血栓的技术可行性和临床效果。方法 16例有门静脉及其属支闭塞症状的患，门静脉及其属支血栓均为非海绵状血管变性所致。通过建立经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流通道(TIPS)、带膜支架旁路术和经皮抽吸取栓法清除门静脉及其属支血栓提高门静脉的血流输出量。结果 13例采用经皮技术治疗获得成功。门静脉及其属支血栓所致的门脉高压均得到纠正，静脉曲张破裂出血立即停止；顽固性腹水和黄疸症状得到缓解。结论 经颈静脉门腔静脉分流术、门静脉内带膜支架旁路术和经皮门静脉及其属支抽吸取栓法对于治疗非海绵状血管变性和非瘤栓所致的门静脉闭塞是安全有效的。     

子宫肌瘤介入治疗47例近期疗效分析

目的　探讨子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法　 47例子宫肌瘤患者采用Seldinger’s方法行子宫动脉栓塞 ,观察介入治疗 3和 6个月后复查瘤体大小及临床症状改变情况。结果　肌瘤由子宫动脉分支供血 ,双侧血供型占绝大多数 ,治疗后 6个月复查 ,肌瘤均比治疗前缩小 ,临床症状明显改善。结论　子宫肌瘤子宫动脉栓塞后近期疗效优良。宫腔浸润麻醉可明显降低治疗后盆腔疼痛的发生率。