Ⅰ型糖尿病患者单个核细胞对大鼠胰岛素分泌的影响

目的 :探讨Ⅰ型糖尿病患者发病过程中的细胞免疫变化。方法 :采集新发病及病程较长的Ⅰ型糖尿病患者和Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的外周血单个核细胞 (PBMCs)与新生大鼠的胰岛细胞共同培养 2 4h ,观察PBMCs对胰岛素分泌的影响。用正常人的PBMCs作对照。结果 :只有初发病的Ⅰ型糖尿病患者的PBMCs对大鼠胰岛素的分泌有抑制作用 ,表现为刺激后胰岛素分泌减少 ((12 7 4± 2 6 .3)mU/L(n =12 )Vs(2 0 9.6± 41.8)mU/L(空白对照n =6 )及(2 0 0 9± 41 7)mU/L(健康对照n =5 ) ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :初发病的Ⅰ型糖尿病患者存在细胞免疫的异常 ;且这种异常主要存在于发病前后的较短的时间内 ;这种异常可能是机体胰岛功能减退的原因之一。     

球囊血管成形术后再狭窄中ET和IGF—I的改变

目的 探讨内皮素（endothelin,ET)及胰岛素样生长因子－I（insulin like growth factor-I,IGF-I)在球囊损伤血管内皮后的改变及意义。方法 用自制导管制造大鼠血管内皮损伤模型,观察不同损血管病理改变,同时用放射免疫法测定血将ET及IGF－I含量。结果 血管内皮损伤后,随着时间延长,平滑肌细胞大量增殖造成管腔狭窄,将ET及IGF－I升高明显,各时间点与对照组相比均有显著性差异,且两者具有较好相关性。结论 ET与IGF－I相互作用促进血管平滑肌增殖,两者可能共同能与了球囊血管成形术后再狭窄的病理过程。     

The mutation of insulin receptor substrate-1 gene in Chines e patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Objective To identify the relationship between mutation in the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene and the incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in the Chinese population. Methods Samples were obtained from 68 Chinese patients with NIDDM and 68 control subjects. The +1700～+4437 bp fragment of the IRS-1 gene was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. All SSCP variations were submitted to DNA sequence analysis. Results Two amino acid variations ［GGG →AGG(G(971) R) and CCT→TCT(P(1079) S)］ and 3 silent mutations ［GAT→GAC(D(422) D), CCA→CCC(P(737) P) and GCA→GCG(A(804) A)］ were identified, among which the CCA→CCC(P(737) P) and CCT→TCT(P(1079) S) have not been previously reported. All five variations were found in Chinese patients with NIDDM, while GCA→GCG(A(804) A) was the only one found in control subjects. The overall incidence of the five variations in Chinese patients with NIDDM were much higher than that in control subjects (38.2% vs 7.4%, χ(2)=18.42,P&lt;0.01). The most common polymorphism in the Chinese population was GCA→GCG(A(804) A), and its frequency was significantly higher in Chinese patients with NIDDM than in controls (26.5% vs 7.4%, χ(2)=8.84,P&lt;0.01). The homozygotes of the variation in patients with NIDDM and control subjects were 8.8% and 1.5%, respectively (χ(2)=2.41,P&gt;0.05). Conclusion These results indicate that there may be a relation between these nucleotide variations of IRS-1 gene and Chinese patients with NIDDM     

糖尿病患者胰岛素基因启动子的突变检测和临床应用

目的 :探讨胰岛素基因启动子突变是否与中国人 2型糖尿病相关。方法 :随机选择黑龙江省中国汉族人 89例 2型糖尿病 ,应用聚合酶链式反应———单链象多态性 (PCR -SS CP)检测方法检测胰岛素启动子突变。结果 :89例 2型糖尿病中未发现 1例异常泳动变化。结论 :胰岛素基因启动子突变可能不是中国人 2型糖尿病的重要遗传因素。文献报道美国黑人中胰岛素基因启动子突变 ( 8个碱基TGGTCTAA的重复序列 )与 2型糖尿病相关 ,本研究结果提示此种相关有明显的种族异质性     

糖尿病家系及群体胰岛素受体基因变异的对照研究

目的　进一步了解 2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的发生机理。方法　运用聚合酶链反应及单链构型多态性 (PCR- SS-CP)技术 ,分析 4个 2型糖尿病家系、5 2例 2型糖尿病患者及 5 4例正常对照者的胰岛素受体基因第 17及 2 0外显子的变异。结果　 17外显子 10 0 8位甘氨基 (Gly)的 GGC→ GGT多态性频率在 2型糖尿病家系及群体分别为 18%和 2 9.4% ,而正常对照组为 9.3% (χ2 =12 .7133,P<0 .0 0 0 5 )。与正常对照组比较 ,2型糖尿病家系、群体的相对危险性分别为 RR=1.944 ,RR=3.738。家系连锁分析显示 L OD最大值为 0 .46 5 736 (θ=0 .0 0 0 0 )。 2 0外显子 Gly的 116 9位 GGT→ GGC多态性频率在 2型糖尿病家系、群体及正常对照组分别为 10 .0 %、15 .4%和 3.7% (χ2 =3.2 36 ,P>0 .0 5 ) ,该位点在 2型糖尿病家系、群体的相对危险性分别为 RR=2 .70 0 ,RR=3.92 7。家系连锁分析显示 L OD最大值为 1.80 334 (θ=0 .0 0 0 0 )。结论　 Gly1 0 0 8和 Gly1 1 6 9位点多态性可能是 2型糖尿病的遗传标志。     

原发性高血压对器官损害与胰岛素抵抗

目的：探讨原发性高血压病（ＥＨ）血压昼夜节律及靶器官损害与胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）的关系。方法：选择原发性高血压Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ期患者及正常对照者,测定空腹血糖、胰岛素水平,计算胰岛素敏感性指数,作对比研究。所有原发性高血压患者均作２４小时动态血压测定,按照昼夜节律正常及昼夜节律消失／分组比较其空腹血糖及胰岛素水平和胰岛素敏感性指数。结果：原发性高血压组空腹血胰岛素水平明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,合并     

2型糖尿病患者血浆前胰岛素水平

目的 :通过检测前胰岛素水平来探讨 2型糖尿病患者高胰岛素血症的原因。方法 :采用放射免疫分析法测定 2型糖尿病患者和正常对照组血浆前胰岛素 (PIM)、胰岛素 (IRI)和 C肽 (CP)水平。结果 :2型 DM组空腹 PIM(2 7.89± 2 2 .37pmol/ L)、IRI(186 .6 3± 136 .97pmol/ L)水平和 PM/ IRI比值 (17.11± 9.35 % )均明显高于对照组 PIM (6 .75± 5 .6 2 pmol/ L ) .IRI(10 7.6 7± 2 6 .43pm ol/ L )水平和 PIM/ IRI比值 (5 .6 7±3.6 6 % ) (P均 <0 .0 1) ;两组之间空腹 C P水平差异无显著性意义 (6 83.1± 5 87.4pm ol/ L比 5 2 8.0±2 0 1.3pm ol/ L,P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :2型糖尿病患者的高胰素血症主要是高前胰岛素血症所致 ,可能是胰岛素抵抗的原因之一。     

体外循环手术病人胰腺内、外分泌功能的变化

目的：观察体外循环手术病人围期胰腺内,外分泌功能的变化以及影响这些变化的可能因素。方法：20例体外循环病人分别测定术前,术后2,24,48h血糖,淀粉酶,胰岛素,C肽浓度。结果：血糖,胰岛素,C肽含量,术后与术前经均有明显提高（P＜0．05）;术中,术后2h血淀粉酶的值与术前比较无明显差异（P＞0．05）,但手术后24,48h即显高于术水平（P＜0．05）。淀粉循环围术期胰腺内,外分泌功能均存在着不同程度的损害,而避免体外循环转流中灌注压过低对减轻胰腺功能的损害具有一定积极意义,术后早期应避免输入高渗葡萄糖。     

无排卵综合征大鼠肝脏、卵巢和肾上腺胰岛素受体的鉴定

目的探讨高胰岛素高雄激素无排卵综合征的发病机制。方法采用放射配体结合分析法首次对雄激素致高胰岛素高雄激素无排卵大鼠（ＡＳＲ）肝脏、卵巢和肾上腺的的胰岛素受体作了鉴定,并与正常对照大鼠进行比较。结果ＡＳＲ肝脏、卵巢和肾上腺胰岛素受体的数目及亲和力均与正常大鼠相似。结论ＡＳＲ不存在受体水平的胰岛素拮抗。     

Antihyperglycaemic effect of saccharin in diabetic ob/ob mice

1. The effect of chronic saccharin (benzosulphimide) consumption on glucose homeostasis was examined in normal lean +/+ mice and genetically obese hyperglycaemic insulin-resistant ob/ob mice.
2. Consumption of a 5% (w/v) sodium saccharin solution for 7 weeks prevented the development of hyperglycaemia, improved glucose tolerance (area under curve decreased by 51%), reduced the extent of hyperinsulinaemia (by 21%), and reduced excessive weight gain (by 18%) in ob/ob mice.
3. Consumption of 5% (w/v) sodium saccharin temporarily decreased hyperphagia at the beginning of treatment, decreased hepatic glycogen content (by 47%), increased abdominal muscle glycogen content (by 82%), but did not significantly alter the hypoglycaemic response to exogenous insulin in ob/ob mice.
4. Consumption of a 1% (w/v) sodium saccharin solution did not prevent the development of hyperglycaemia in ob/ob mice.
5. Normal lean +/+ mice consuming 5% (w/v) sodium saccharin solution showed a marginal decrease (by 8%) in glycaemia, and glucose tolerance was improved (area under curve decreased by 30%) without a significant change in the insulin response to glucose or the hypoglycaemic effect of exogenous insulin.
6. The results suggest that chronic consumption of saccharin can defer the development of hyperglycaemia and improve glucose homeostasis in insulin-resistant ob/ob mice through a mechanism that is independent of insulin.