羟基喜树碱、5-氟脲嘧啶、醛氢叶酸、顺铂治疗晚期食管癌22例疗效观察

目的探讨晚期食管癌应用羟基喜树碱（HCPT）、5-氟脲嘧啶（5－Fu）、醛氢叶酸（CF）、顺铂（PDD）联合方案治疗的疗效与毒副作用。方法HCPT－5－Fu－CF－PDD方案治疗22例（治疗组）,与5－Fu－CF－PDD方案治疗30例（对照组）相对照。结果治疗组有效率54．5％,对照组有效率43．3％。两组疗效比较差异无显著性。主要毒性反应差异也无显著性。结论HCFT在与5－Fu、CF、PDD的联合治疗中,在小剂量连续给药的情况下,疗效无显著提高,其用法及疗程、剂量有待进一步探讨。     

Novel approach for real-time monitoring of carrier-based DPIs delivery process via pulmonary route based on modular modified Sympatec HELOS

An explicit illustration of pulmonary delivery processes (PDPs) was a prerequisite for the formulation design and optimization of carrier-based DPIs. However, the current evaluation approaches for DPIs could not provide precise investigation of each PDP separately, or the approaches merely used a simplified and idealized model. In the present study, a novel modular modified Sympatec HELOS (MMSH) was developed to fully investigate the mechanism of each PDP separately in real-time. An inhaler device, artificial throat and pre-separator were separately integrated with a Sympatec HELOS. The dispersion and fluidization, transportation, detachment and deposition processes of pulmonary delivery for model DPIs were explored under different flow rates. Moreover, time-sliced measurements were used to monitor the PDPs in real-time. The Next Generation Impactor (NGI) was applied to determine the aerosolization performance of the model DPIs. The release profiles of the drug particles, drug aggregations and carriers were obtained by MMSH in real-time. Each PDP of the DPIs was analyzed in detail. Moreover, a positive correlation was established between the total release amount of drug particles and the fine particle fraction (FPF) values (R² = 0.9898). The innovative MMSH was successfully developed and was capable of illustrating the PDPs and the mechanism of carrier-based DPIs, providing a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of carrier-based DPIs.     

丁羟氨酯丙烯酸树脂的性能及结构

比较了以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）和苯乙烯（St)为稀释剂制备的丁羟氨酯丙烯酸树脂固化物的性能与结构，MMA作为稀释剂的体系有更高的强度；DSC表明前一体系有更高且更宽的玻璃化转变温度；SEM表明前者的相分离显著得多。     

Expression of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract: Reactive oxygen species may be involved in the progression of chronic liver disease and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To clarify whether clinicopathological findings in liver diseases are related to oxidative DNA damage, hepatic expression of the 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) was examined in 75 liver disease patients, which included 32 chronic hepatitis (CH), 13 liver cirrhosis (LC) and 30 HCC patients. The CH patients had higher 8‐OHdG‐positive hepatocytes than LC (P<0.05). In CH and LC, the number of 8‐OHdG‐positive hepatocytes was correlated with alanine aminotransferase and asparate aminotransferase (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Of 30 HCC cases, 25 cases (83%) showed stronger immunoreactivity than non‐cancerous counterparts. The patients with poorly differentiated HCC had a larger tumor size and higher levels of AFP, and exhibited higher labeling indices of PCNA‐, TUNEL‐ and 8‐OHdG‐positive cells than those with well and moderately differentiated HCC. Our findings suggest that oxidative DNA damage is increased in association with necroinflammation in chronic liver disease and determination of 8‐OHdG is useful in assessing high‐grade malignancy in HCC.     

Distribution of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat hypothalamus

The excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate participates in the control of most (and possibly all) neuroendocrine systems in the hypothalamus. This control is exerted by binding to two classes of membrane receptors, the ionotropic and metabotropic receptor families, which differ in their structure and mechanisms of signal transduction. To gain a better understanding about the precise sites of action of glutamate and the subunit compositions of the receptors involved in the glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hypothalamus and septum, in situ hybridization was used with 35S-labeled cRNA probes for the different ionotropic receptor subunits, including glutamate receptor subunits 1-4 (GluR1-GluR4), kainate-2, GluR5-GluR7, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 1 (NMDAR1), and NMDAR2A-NMDAR2D. The results showed that subunits of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate-preferring, kainate-preferring, and NMDA-preferring receptor subunits are distributed widely but heterogeneously and that the GluR1, GluR2, kainate-2, NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, and NMDAR2B subunits are the most abundant in the hypothalamus. Thus, GluR1 subunit mRNA was prominent in the lateral septum, preoptic area, mediobasal hypothalamus, and tuberomammillary nucleus, whereas kainate-2 subunit mRNA was abundant in the medial septum-diagonal band, median and anteroventral preoptic nuclei, and supraoptic nuclei as well as the magnocellular portion of the posterior paraventricular nucleus. Regions that contained the highest levels of NMDAR1 subunit mRNA included the septum, the median preoptic nucleus, the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, and the supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei as well as the arcuate nucleus. Together, the extensive distribution of the different GluR subunit mRNAs strengthen the view that glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus. The overlap in the distribution of the various subunit mRNAs suggests that many neurons can express GluR channels that belong to different families, which would allow a differential regulation of the target neurons by glutamate.     

男性2型糖尿病患者25羟维生素 D3及骨代谢指标的变化分析

目的：了解男性2型糖尿病患者25羟维生素D3和骨代谢指标的变化及与骨密度的相关性。方法男性2型糖尿病住院患者160例,年龄≥40岁;测定骨密度值,依据骨密度分三组：骨量正常组52例,骨量减组52例,骨质疏松组56例;非糖尿病骨量正常对照组46例;对其年龄、BMI、25-OHD、PTH、PINP、β-CTX、ALP、血Ca、血P进行方差分析,分析25-OHD及PTH、PINP、β-CTX、ALP与各部位骨密度的相关性,并分析25-OHD与PTH、PINP、β-CTX、ALP的相关性。结果4组之间年龄差异无统计学意义;BMI、25-OHD、PINP、β-CTX、ALP的差异均有统计学意义;血钙、血磷的差异均无统计学意义。25羟维生素D3与股骨颈呈正相关（P＜0．05）,与股骨全部、腰椎L2～4呈正相关（P＜0．01）;I型前胶原氨基末端前肽（PINP）、β-胶原降解产物（β-CTX）、ALP与股骨颈、股骨全部及腰椎L2～4呈负相关（P均＜0．01）;PTH与股骨颈、股骨全部呈负相关（P＜0．05）,与腰椎呈负相关（P＜0．01）。25羟维生素D3与β-CTX、PTH无明显相关（P＞0．05）,与ALP呈负相关（P＜0．01）,与PINP呈负相关（P＜0．05）。结论2型糖尿病患者25羟维生素D3水平明显低于非糖尿病者,且与骨密度呈正相关,与ALP、PINP呈负相关。男性2型糖尿病患血清PTH、I型前胶原氨基末端前肽（ PINP）、β-胶原降解产物（β-CTX）、ALP与骨密度负相关。     

2013-2014年银川市0~3岁儿童维生素D水平调查及影响因素分析

目的分析银川市0~3岁儿童血清25-（OH）D3（25羟维生素D3）水平,为科学合理的补充维生素D提供理论依据。方法对门诊进行常规体检的0~3岁儿童抽取450例,采用酶联免疫法进行血清25-（OH）D3检测。结果 25-（OH）D3的平均值为（37.53±10.89）ng·m L^-1,维生素D缺乏的为6例,占1.33%;维生素D不足的为104例,占23.11%;维生素D充足的为346例,占76.89%,不同年龄儿童维生素D含量差异有统计学意义;男童的维生素D含量高于女童,补充维生素D的儿童组高于未补充组,超重肥胖儿童组的维生素D含量低于正常儿童组,冬春季节儿童的维生素D含量低于夏秋季节。结论银川市0~3岁儿童维生素D含量较低,应适当补充维生素D,特别是在冬春季节,让儿童保持正常体质量,以维持正常的维生素D水平。     

铅对儿童骨代谢的影响

【目的】　通过对山西省某铅污染较重矿区儿童血铅水平及骨代谢生化指标的测定 ,探讨血铅对儿童骨代谢的影响。　【方法】　整群抽取 5～ 6岁儿童 12 0名 ,应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅值 ;通过酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测本组儿童血清骨钙素 (OC)、骨碱性磷酸酶 (BALP)及 2 5 (OH)D3 水平。　【结果】　随着血铅水平的增高 ,该组儿童的血清OC和 2 5 (OH)D3 水平呈下降趋势 ,而BALP呈上升趋势。其中Ⅲ级铅中毒儿童血清OC较Ⅰ级铅中毒儿童显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,而血清BALP显著增高 (P <0 .0 1) ,且Ⅱ级铅中毒儿童血清BALP较Ⅰ级铅中毒儿童已有显著增高改变 (P <0 .0 1)。另外 ,相关性分析表明本调查组儿童血铅水平与OC和 2 5 (OH )D3 呈负相关而与BALP呈正相关。　【结论】　铅中毒可抑制成骨细胞的活动 ,阻碍生长期儿童骨的正常矿化过程     

血清25-羟-维生素D对脊柱结核患者手术疗效的影响

目的探讨血清25-羟-维生素D[25(OH)D]对脊柱结核患者手术疗效的影响。方法选取58例脊柱结核患者为脊柱结核组,58例健康体检人员为对照组,检测两组血清25(OH)D水平。脊柱结核组以中位25(OH)D浓度(25.06 nmol/L)为截点进一步分为高25(OH)D组和低25(OH)D组,比较手术时间、术中出血量、ASIA分级和植骨融合情况等。结果脊柱结核组血清25(OH)D低于对照组(P<0.001)。与低25(OH)D组相比,高25(OH)D组植骨融合时间短、术后红细胞沉降率低,Cobb角校正度和ASIA分级改善(P<0.05)。结论高水平血清25(OH)D有助于改善脊柱结核患者手术治疗效果。