高压氧对激素性股骨头坏死兔血中IL19、IL20的影响

目的 研究高压氧(HBO)对激素性股骨头坏死(steroid-induced avasculal osteoecrosis of femoral head,SANFH)兔血中白介素19、20(interleukin-19、20,IL19、IL20)的影响.方法 健康新西兰白兔78只,随机分为3组:正常对照组(N组)7只,模型组(M组)41只,HBO组30只.M组又分为造模完成组(M0组)10只,造模2周组(M2组)10只,造模4周组(M4组)10只,造模6周组(M6组)11只.HBO组分为2周HBO组(HBO2组)7只,4周HBO组(HBO4组)11只,6周HBO组(HBO6组)12只.采用注射内毒素加甲基强的松龙的方法对模型组及HBO组动物进行造模处理,HBO 组在造模完成后开始HBO处理,1次/d,于造模2、4、6周分别取静脉血检测IL19、IL20的变化,并于取血后处死动物,取双侧股骨头进行组织形态学观察.结果 IL19表达:M0组明显增高,与N组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);M2、M4组表达较M0组下降,但M2组比HBO2组、M4组比HBO4组的表达高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).IL20表达:M0组明显增高,与N组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);M2组的表达较M0组下降,但比HBO2组表达高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);M4组与HBO4组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);M6组表达较M4高,HBO6组继续下降,与M6组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).病理结果:N组股骨头组织形态学正常;M2、M4组可见不同程度的骨髓腔内脂肪细胞变性及坏死,周围有淋巴细胞为主的炎性细胞浸润;M6组表现为骨髓腔纤维化,成骨表现活跃.HBO治疗2周后,股骨头骨细胞核未见明显固缩,骨小梁间骨髓炎症反应明显减轻,骨母细胞及纤维组织增生,治疗4～6周骨母细胞活跃增生,成骨形成.结论 SANFH时兔血中IL19、IL20含量增高,炎症反应是SANFH的病因之一.HBO治疗可抑制IL19、IL20的释放,减轻炎症反应,从而减轻股骨头坏死的程度.     

Human umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor protect injured optic nerve：viscoelasticity characterization

The optic nerve is a viscoelastic solid-like biomaterial.Its normal stress relaxation and creep properties enable the nerve to resist constant strain and protect it from injury.We hypothesized that stress relaxation and creep properties of the optic nerve change after injury.Moreover,human brain-derived neurotrophic factor or umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells may restore these changes to normal.To validate this hypothesis,a rabbit model of optic nerve injury was established using a clamp approach.At 7 days after injury,the vitreous body received a one-time injection of 50 μg human brain-derived neurotrophic factor or 1 × 106 human umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells.At 30 days after injury,stress relaxation and creep properties of the optic nerve that received treatment had recovered greatly,with pathological changes in the injured optic nerve also noticeably improved.These results suggest that human brain-derived neurotrophic factor or umbilical cord blood-derived stem cell intervention promotes viscoelasticity recovery of injured optic nerves,and thereby contributes to nerve recovery.     

Deoxynivalenol Impairs Weight Gain and Affects Markers of Gut Health after Low-Dose,Short-Term Exposure of Growing Pigs

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the major mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi, and exposure to this mycotoxin requires an assessment of the potential adverse effects, even at low toxin levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a short-term, low-dose DON exposure on various gut health parameters in pigs. Piglets received a commercial feed or the same feed contaminated with DON (0.9 mg/kg feed) for 10 days, and two hours after a DON bolus (0.28 mg/kg BW), weight gain was determined and samples of different segments of the intestine were collected. Even the selected low dose of DON in the diet negatively affected weight gain and induced histomorphological alterations in the duodenum and jejunum. The mRNA expression of different tight junction (TJ) proteins, especially occludin, of inflammatory markers, like interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 and the oxidative stress marker heme-oxigenase1, were affected along the intestine by low levels of DON in the diet. Taken together, our results indicate that even after low-level exposure to DON, which has been generally considered as acceptable in animal feeds, clinically-relevant changes are measurable in markers of gut health and integrity.     

Pulmonary gangliocytic paraganglioma: a case report and review of the literature

Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is a rare histologic type of neuroendocrine tumors. We report a case of pulmonary GP in a 29-year-old male presenting with an asymptomatic endobronchial nodule. Grossly, the tumor showed a 4.0x3.8x3.5 cm well-defined nodule with yellowish cut surface. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of three distinct cellular types: epithelioid cells, ganglion-like cells and spindle cells. Meanwhile, transitional cells, having morphologic features between ganglion-like and epithelioid cells, were also presented. The epithelioid cells arranged in various morphologic architectures, including Zellballen, papillary, cystic and microcystic pattern. The epithelioid cells were positive for AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, chromogranin A and synaptophysin. Ganglion-like cells showed immunoreactivity for chromogranin A and synaptophysin. A few ganglion-like cells were also positive for AE1/AE3 and/or CAM 5.2. The spindle cells were positive for S-100 protein and neurofilament. The transitional cells showed a similar immunohistochemical profile to the epithelioid cells. The authors believe stem cell theory is a reasonable explanation for the origin of GP. GP probably originate from some kind of mucosa associated stem cell which can differentiate into diverse cellular lineages.     

A study on the effects of arsenic toxicity on oviduct histomorphology in the female rat

ABSTRACT

Arsenic-contaminated drinking water and its association to different diseases has been considered a severe problem worldwide. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in oviduct of female rat following 4-week exposure to different doses (50, 100, and 200 ppm) of sodium arsenite. Treatment was initiated when rat reaches the age of 4 weeks. Body weight of animals was recorded weekly. Weight, diameter, and arsenic deposition in oviduct were estimated. Based on anatomical division of oviduct, histology of isthmus and ampulla was examined for any histopathological changes. A dose-dependent decrease was observed in body weight and oviduct weight of treated rats as compared to untreated control rat and low-dose group. Higher arsenic deposition was found in oviduct with the increased doses of arsenite. Cellular arrangement was found disorganized and loosely packed in the epithelium and muscle layers of all treated groups, but was more conspicuous at 200 ppm dosage. Fewer cilia were seen in isthmus and ampulla of treated groups, and almost no cilia were observed in isthmus of 200 ppm group. Muscle layer thickness and epithelium height of arsenic treated rats was reduced in a dose-dependent manner from low (50 ppm) to high group (200 ppm) as compared to control rats. This study found that arsenite treatment adversely affected the body weight of female rats and induced histopathological changes in the cellular structure, configuration, and organization of oviduct in female rats.     

南极磷虾粉对小鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合的影响

目的 观察南极磷虾粉（Antarctic krill meal,AKM）对小鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合过程的影响。方法对10周龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠行双侧卵巢切除术建立骨质疏松模型,3个月后建立右胫中上1/3处开放性骨折模型。随后随机分为4组：一般性骨折组（Sham）、骨质疏松性骨折模型组（OVX）、阳性对照组(ALN,1 mg/kg·BW)、AKM组(800 mg/kg·BW)。于骨折后5、11、24、35 d进行取材,观察AKM对小鼠血清生化指标（VEGF、BALP）及骨痂组织形态学的影响,并探讨AKM促进小鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合的机制。结果 AKM能显著提高血清中VEGF、BALP的水平,促进软骨性骨痂向骨性骨痂转化,加速骨折愈合。AKM能显著促进骨折愈合过程中促血管生成因子（Ang1、PDGF-BB、CD31）、软骨基质形成及降解Marker（Aggrecan、MMP-13）、骨形成相关因子（BMP-2、Col1α1、OCN、TGF-β1）的mRNA表达,加速软骨内骨化。结论 AKM能通过促进软骨内骨化而加速小鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合进程。     

低温灌洗UW液和Euro-Collins液保存离体鼠肺效果的组织形态学比较研究

目的　比较UW液和Euro Collins液的肺保存效果。方法　选用 2 1只Wistar大鼠 ,应用 10℃的UW液和Euro Collins液同时分别进行左、右肺动脉内灌洗 ,灌洗前主肺动脉内快速推注PGE1。灌洗结束后于肺充气状态下切取左、右肺 ,并迅速分别置于 10℃的UW液及Euro Collins液中保存。分别于 0 ,2 ,4,6h取材 ,在光镜及电镜下观察肺组织形态学变化 ,并互相比较 ,以判定组织活力 ,确定肺保存效果。结果　低温灌洗 10℃的UW液肺保存效果优于低温灌洗Euro Collins液。 6h后 ,组织损伤表现为不可逆性。结论　在肺保存不超过 6h时 ,UW液比Euro Collins液更有效     

苦参碱对兔耳增生性瘢痕治疗作用的组织形态学研究

目的:研究苦参碱（matrine,Mat）对兔耳增生性瘢痕治疗作用。方法:利用兔耳腹侧面增生性瘢痕模型,采用组织形态学的方法对比研究苦参碱在兔耳增生性瘢痕形成过程中的影响。结果:兔耳腹侧面增生性瘢痕局部注射苦参碱后,按时间段取材;VG和HE染色显示真皮层明显变薄,成纤维细胞数量明显减少,胶原排列趋于一致;12周后,对照组苦参碱组的增生指数、成纤维细胞数密度、胶原密度分别为3.25±0.89/2.15±0.12,4517.5±879.6/3551.2±234.1,39.89±14.12/28.75±10.87。结论:苦参碱能抑制兔耳增生性瘢痕的增殖过程,使瘢痕组织纤维化程度明显减轻。     

止骨增生丸对兔膝骨关节炎组织形态学改变实验研究

目的：探讨止骨增生丸对兔膝骨性关节炎模型组织形态学的影响。方法：选取大耳白兔24只,按照组间均衡一致的原则,将24只健康大耳兔随机分为4组,每组6只,分别为：正常组、模型组、对照组（壮骨关节丸）组、治疗组（止骨增生丸）组。采用改良的＂Hulth＂经典造模法复制家兔膝骨性关节炎模型。造模成功后按体型系数换算法,计算出家兔用药量。给予对照组：含壮骨关节丸0.756g/kg的生理盐水10mL/次,3次/d,给予治疗组：含止骨增生丸0.756g/kg的生理盐水10mL/次,3次/d药物灌胃,用药4周后取材,采用普通光学显微镜观察关节软骨的层次、软骨细胞及软骨下骨的变化。结果：肉眼观察见正常组关节软骨表面光滑,呈极淡蓝色。对照组（壮骨关节丸）关节软骨表面呈淡黄色。治疗组（止骨增生丸）软骨颜色淡白。模型组关节软骨表面略显粗糙,呈黄色,可见滑膜充血。治疗组（止骨增生丸组）：软骨组织表面光滑,表浅层：组织细胞有部分消失。以上实验结果结果显示止骨增生丸可以维持机体软骨细胞的正常组织形态,改善骨性关节炎的滑膜充血肿胀情况以及维持软骨细胞组织的正常形态。结论：表明止骨增生丸对骨性关节炎有比较显著的防治效果,其临床效果优于壮骨关节丸。