美沙酮维持治疗海洛因成瘾者的冲动性与抑制控制研究

目的：以海洛因成瘾戒断康复组、接受美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因成瘾组以及无过往吸毒史的对照组为研究对象,比较3组被试的冲动性水平以及抑制控制功能。方法：采用修订后的巴瑞特冲动性量表第11版（BIS-11）和经典色词Stroop任务比较3组被试在冲动性水平和抑制控制功能上的差异。结果：海洛因成瘾戒断康复组和接受美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因成瘾组在巴瑞特冲动性量表总分以及3个维度上的得分均显著高于对照组,在经典的色词Stroop任务中,接受美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因成瘾组的Stroop干扰效应量显著高于对照组,海洛因成瘾戒断康复组的Stroop干扰效应量和对照组没有显著差异。结论：海洛因成瘾戒断康复组和接受美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因成瘾组具有更高的冲动性并且接受美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因成瘾组的抑制控制功能受损。     

Is Internet addiction a psychopathological condition distinct from pathological gambling?

Aims

The behavioural-addiction perspective suggests that Internet addiction (IA) and pathological gambling (PG) could share similar characteristics with substance dependence. Despite the similarities between IA and PG, it is not clear whether these disorders share different or similar psychopathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to test whether IA patients presented different psychological symptoms, temperamental traits, coping strategies and relational patterns compared with PG patients. The hypothesis was that IA patients will show greater interpersonal disengagement than PG patients.

Methods

Two clinical groups (31 IA patients and 11 PG patients) and a control group (38 healthy subjects) matched with the clinical groups for gender and age were enrolled. The clinical groups were gathered in a psychiatric service for IA and PG in a hospital. Anxiety, depression, coping strategies, attachment, temperament, and global assessment of functioning were measured. MANOVAs, ANOVAs and post-hoc comparisons were carried out in order to test the hypothesis.

Results

Despite IA and PG showing similar differences with the control group on the levels of depression, anxiety and global functioning, the two clinical groups showed different temperamental, coping and social patterns. Specifically IA patients compared with the PG patients showed a greater mental and behavioural disengagement associated with an important interpersonal impairment. The two clinical groups shared an impulsive coping strategy and socio-emotional impairments.

Conclusions

Despite IA and PG patients presenting similar clinical symptoms, IA condition was characterised by a more relevant mental, behavioural, and social disengagement compared to PG condition.     

Mycoflora of potential sanitary interest present in illicit heroin

Summary The injection of heroin mixtures poses difficult problems in some cases to both pathologist and toxicologist in evaluating the cause of death. Direct heroin toxicity, allergic or idiosyncratic reactions, and bacterial and mycotic infections are different complications that can be found in these cases. The mycotic profile (mycoflora) present in illicit heroin from street samples (sachets) has been studied. The profile was obtained after incubating the samples at pH5 in 2% and 3% agar-maltose media. Only two samples (nos. 24 and 26) yielded negative results. Twenty-seven taxa were isolated. Penicillium and Aspergillus were the genera most frequently found in the samples. Other genera, such as Cladosporium, Absidia, Rhizopus and Micelia sterilia were also detected. Most of the fungi isolated presented a high allergenic potential and were liable to result in allergic reactions connected with drug deaths. All the fungi found were commonly present in our environment.     

Hepatitis C is more severe in drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Drug users with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are frequently co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), but it is still not clear whether HIV-1 worsens the natural history of hepatitis C. To investigate this, we conducted a multicentre observational study in 163 drug addicts with histologically documented hepatitis C, 92 of whom were also infected with HIV-1: 25 (27%) were CDC stage II, 53 (58%) were CDC stage III and 14 (15%) were CDC stage IV. Eighty-eight (54%) patients had chronic hepatitis (CH) with minimal activity, 28 (17%) had CH with moderate activity, 40 (25%) had CH with severe activity and seven (4%) had active cirrhosis. Twenty-one HIV-negative patients and 15 HIV-positive patients admitted to alcohol abuse (29% vs 16%, P =0.0665). Liver disease was more severe in HIV-positive patients than in HIV-negative ones ( P =0.0198): 34 HIV-positive patients and 13 HIV negatives had severe CH and cirrhosis. These two severe liver diseases were seen more often in HIV-positive patients with a history of alcohol abuse than in HIV-negative patients (10 out of 16 vs seven out of 21). Age, alcohol abuse and distribution of the histological categories of liver disease were statistically different in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. Multivariate analysis showed that age, alcohol abuse and serum antibodies to HIV were independently associated with severe CH or cirrhosis. Thus, HIV may enhance the risk of severe liver disease in drug users with hepatitis C, independently of the degree of immune dysfunction. Alcohol abuse may contribute independently, aggravating the cause of HCV-dependent liver disease.     

大学生不同类型网络成瘾与社交回避的相关性研究

目的探讨大学生不同类型的网络成瘾与社交回避之间的关系。方法采用整群取样法,抽取202名海南某综合性大学的学生作为研究对象。运用《大学生网络成瘾问卷》和《社交回避及苦恼量表(SAD)》对样本进行施测,经检验问卷具有较高的信效度。结果网络游戏成瘾,网络信息成瘾和网络人际关系成瘾均与社交回避呈显著性相关(r=0.294,0.342,0.236;P<0.01);网络游戏成瘾者,网络信息成瘾者和网络人际关系成瘾者与其未成瘾者在社交回避上呈显著性差异(t=4.347,5.391,3.915;P<0.01)。结论不同类型网络成瘾均对社交回避产生重要影响。     

网络成瘾大学生社会自我概念中的认知偏差

目的探讨大学生网络成瘾者社会自我概念存在的认知偏差。方法随机选取某师范学院28名大学生作为被试,采用内隐联想测验范式进行了实验研究。结果①在自我评价实验中,网络成瘾大学生与非网络成瘾者在不同联合任务中反应时无显著差异(F=0.219,P>0.05);②在行动度测试中,网络成瘾大学生与非网络成瘾者在不同联合任务中反应时无显著差异(F=0.529,P>0.05)。结论网络成瘾大学生对社会自我概念的自我评价中存在认知偏差,对自我行动度的评价也存在认知偏差。     

大学生网络依赖团体心理治疗效果分析

目的探讨团体心理治疗对改善大学生网络依赖行为的疗效。方法用整群抽样的方法抽取1481名大学生,使用Young氏网络依赖诊断问卷进行评估,筛选出≥5分者61例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,进行团体心理治疗,随访六个月,在不同时间点用Young氏网络依赖诊断问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)测查,采用自身对照、对照组对照的方法评价疗效。结果治疗八周,治疗组Young氏网络依赖诊断问卷、SCL-90自评量表总分均低于治疗前,且低于对照组;治疗组Young氏网络依赖诊断问卷≥5分者比例比治疗前减少至46.7%,低于对照组90.3%,以上差异均有统计学意义。分别在三个月、六个月末两次随访,与治疗后比较,治疗组Young氏网络依赖诊断问卷总分、网络依赖者比例差异均无统计学意义。结论团体心理治疗对大学生网络依赖,总体上有较大的改善效果,网络依赖者心理症状减轻,且半数以上的人不再对网络依赖。经过半年随访,未见明显复发,团体心理治疗对大学生网络依赖的疗效较为持久。     

大学生时间管理倾向与网络成瘾的关系

[目的]调查大学生时间管理倾向和网络成瘾之间的相关关系,比较高低时间管理者的网络成瘾情况,了解大学生的时间管理倾向这一时间维度上的人格特质,为引导高校学生科学利用时间,合理使用网络提供科学依据。[方法]采用随机取样法对230名大学生的时间管理倾向和网络成瘾情况进行了问卷调查,用社会科学统计软件进行数据统计。[结果]大学生的时间管理倾向和网络成瘾量表得分呈显著负相关(r=-0.309,P﹤0.005),高时间管理组的网络成瘾量表得分低于低时间管理组[(45.02±12.14)vs.(53.23±12.44),P﹤0.005]。[结论]网络成瘾量表得分上,男生得分显著高于女生;相对于时间管理较差的学生来说,能较好管理时间的学生的网络成瘾的风险更低。