大学生智能手机成瘾及负性情绪对睡眠质量影响

目的 探讨大学生智能手机成瘾和负性情绪对睡眠质量影响,为改善大学生睡眠、促进其身心健康提供参考依据。方法 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、智能手机成瘾量表和正负性情绪量表对辽宁医学院770名大学生进行问卷调查。结果 大学生睡眠质量总分为(5.13±2.16)分,睡眠质量问题检出率为15.8%,智能手机成瘾总分为(36.94±8.28)分,负性情绪总分为(20.80±5.99)分;不同睡眠质量大学生日常生活干扰、戒断症状、过度使用、耐受性、智能手机成瘾总分和负性情绪组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);睡眠质量与智能手机成瘾和负性情绪部分相关(P<0.05);结构方程建模显示,负性情绪即可直接作用于睡眠质量,也可通过智能手机成瘾间接作用于睡眠质量(直接效应为0.43,间接效应为0.04),智能手机成瘾和负性情绪对睡眠质量的直接总效应为0.58。结论 智能手机成瘾和负性情绪影响大学生睡眠质量,预防智能手机成瘾和调控负性情绪是改善其睡眠质量的有效途径。     

博乐欣治疗海洛因依赖者情绪障碍的临床观察

目的：探讨海洛困依赖者情绪障碍的临床特点及治疗。方法：对68例海洛因依赖者在脱毒后的一周内，测查汉密顿焦虑（HAMA）量表和汉密顿抑郁（HAMD）量表；把68例随机分为对照组27例和药物处理组41例。对照组仅给予简单的言语解释和支持，药物处理组给予博乐欣150mg／日治疗。四周后对所有依赖戒断者复查HAMA、HAMD量表，并进行疗效评定。结果：发现海洛因依赖戒断者有明显的焦虑、抑郁等情绪障碍，药物处理组使用博乐欣治疗4周后，HAMA、HAMD评分明显下降（除睡眠障碍）并与对照组相比有显著差异（P〈0．01）结论：海洛因依赖戒断者很容易出现焦虑和抑郁情绪障碍，在其脱毒后早期使用抗抑郁药博乐欣。对于海洛因依赖戒断者的情绪障碍具有较好疗效。     

云南省部分地区注射吸毒者海洛因过量情况及影响因素分析

目的 了解云南省部分地区注射吸毒者(IDU)海洛因过量情况及其影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查的方法,于2015年7-8月对云南省红河州和德宏州的4个美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)门诊和2个州强制戒毒所的IDU进行问卷调查,内容包括社会人口学特征、毒品使用情况、过去1年海洛因过量情况以及最近1次海洛因过量情况等。对过去1年发生过海洛因过量的相关因素进行logistic回归分析。结果 共340名IDU符合入选标准,男性占85.3%(290/340),年龄为(37.7±8.7)岁,汉族占65.6%(223/340),HIV阳性检出率为49.4%(167/338),过去6个月使用过新型毒品占22.6%(77/340)。自吸毒以来,曾有过海洛因过量的比例为41.8%(142/340),海洛因过量次数M=3次。在过去1年中海洛因过量发生率为15.6%(53/340),M=1次。发生海洛因过量的年龄为(36.7±8.4)岁,吸毒年限为(16.5±7.6)年,男性占83.0%(44/53)。发生海洛因过量的主要原因为增加海洛因用量(26.4%,14/53)和多药滥用(28.3%,15/53)。非条件logistic回归模型分析显示:过去1年参加过MMT(OR=0.534,95%CI:0.290~0.980)可降低海洛因过量的风险,而过去6个月共用针具(OR=2.735,95%CI:1.383~5.407)和刚出戒毒所不满1年(OR=2.881,95%CI:1.226~6.767)会增加海洛因过量的风险。结论 云南省IDU过去1年海洛因过量发生率较高。需要持续促进该地IDU参加MMT并加强预防和应对吸毒过量宣传教育,特别是对戒毒所吸毒人员出所前的宣传教育,同时应建立针对吸毒人员的戒毒所与MMT门诊转介机制。     

大学生网络成瘾与认知功能的相关研究

目的了解大学生上网行为特点,研究网络成瘾对认知功能的影响.方法对62名大学生进行调查,其中男生54名,女生8名,平均年龄19.51岁.使用网络成瘾诊断问卷、网络使用情况调查表、韦氏成人智力量表对所有被试进行测试.结果大学生网络成瘾者在网络使用目的上与和非成瘾者的差异有统计学意义.大学生网络成瘾者在韦氏成人智力量表总分上与非成瘾者差异无统计学意义.结论网络成瘾者与非成瘾者网络使用目的不同,成瘾者的认知功能和非成瘾者差异无统计学意义.     

Addressing adolescent substance use with a public health prevention framework: the case for harm reduction

Adolescence is a developmental stage defined in part by risk-taking. Risk-taking is critical to normal development and has important benefits including trying new activities and exploring new relationships. Risk-taking is also associated with the initiation of substance use. Because substance use often begins in adolescence, much focus has been on primary prevention with the goal of preventing initial substance use. Secondary or tertiary prevention approaches, such as counselling to eliminate substance use or offering treatment, are common approaches for adolescents with problematic substance use or a substance use disorder. While this is important, for some adolescents, treatment or cessation of use may not be desired. In these cases, Healthcare Practitioners (HCPs) can offer clear advice that incorporates harm reduction. Harm reduction, which is often applied for adults who use substances, reduces the negative impacts associated with drug use without requiring abstinence. Harm reduction is crucial to keeping adolescents safe and healthy and can offer opportunities for future engagement in treatment. The objective of this review is to describe strategies for integrating harm reduction principles in clinical settings that are developmentally appropriate. A patient-centered, harm reduction approach can validate perceived benefits of substance use, offer strategies to minimise harm, and advise reduction of use and abstinence.

KEY MESSAGES:

• Substance use often begins in adolescence and traditional approaches are often rooted in prevention framework.
• Harm reduction should be incorporated for adolescents with problematic substance use or a substance use disorder.
• This review offers strategies for integration of harm reduction principles tailored towards adolescents.

     

网瘾患者人格障碍的康复模式研究

目的 探讨改善网瘾患者人格障碍的有效措施,重建其健康人格,提高社会适应能力.方法 60例网瘾患者随机分为观察组(32例)和对照组(28例).两组均按常规药物治疗,对照组给予功能制护理,观察组给予8w的学校教育和医院护理管理相结合的矫治模式.两组采用卡氏16种人格量表(16PF)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行效果评定.结果治疗前两组16PF和SCL-90量表各因子分值无统计学差异(P＞0.05),治疗后观察组16PF和SCL-90量表各因子分值的改变均明显优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论学校教育和医院护理管理相结合的矫治模式能够有效地改善网瘾患者的人格障碍,提高他们的心理健康水平和社会适应能力.     

Temporal associations between morningness/eveningness,problematic social media use,psychological distress and daytime sleepiness: Mediated roles of sleep quality and insomnia among young adults

The extant literature has suggested relationships between an individual's chronotype (in relation to morningness/eveningness) and several outcomes, including addictive disorders, psychological distress and daytime sleepiness. Moreover, sleep quality has been proposed to be a mediator in the aforementioned relationships. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the complex relationship between morningness/eveningness, problematic social media use, psychological distress and daytime sleepiness, with the potential mediators of sleep quality and insomnia. All participants (N = 1,791 [30.1% males]; mean age = 27.2 years, SD = 10.1) completed a battery of psychometric scales, including a reduced version of the Morningness‐Eveningness Questionnaire (at baseline), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index (1 month after baseline assessment), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (2 months after baseline assessment). The impacts of morningness‐eveningness on problematic social media use, anxiety, depression and daytime sleepiness were found in the mediation models. Furthermore, the mediated effects of insomnia and sleep quality were observed. The present study's results emphasize the importance of promoting healthy sleep habits and sleep hygiene behaviours, and that of early detection of sleep problems among individuals who have the eveningness chronotype, because this would significantly improve their health outcomes.