补气活血化瘀止血方对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后主要不良心血管事件及出血的影响

目的 探究补气活血化瘀止血配方对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后主要不良心血管事件(MACE)及出血的影响.方法 以2019年1月至2020年1月在成都市第五人民医院行PCI的冠心病病人124例为研究对象,病人的中医症候表现为气虚血瘀证.采用随机数表法将病人随机分为两组,每组62例.观察组给予补气活血化瘀止血配方和泮托拉唑钠肠溶胶囊安慰剂,对照组给予补气活血化瘀止血配方安慰剂和泮托拉唑钠肠溶胶囊.观察两组MACE、术后出血及PCI术后第7天、第30天腺苷二磷酸(ADP)抑制率、花生四烯酸(AA)抑制率、ADP诱导的血凝块强度(MAADP).结果 观察组MACE发生率(3.2％)与对照组(9.7％)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组出血事件发生率(29.0％)、出血类型、出血部位与对照组出血事件发生率(24.2％)、出血类型、出血部位比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组PCI术后30 d MAADP、ADP抑制率、AA抑制率与PCI术后7 d比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).对照组PCI术后30 d MAADP与PCI术后7 d比较显著升高,PCI术后30 d ADP抑制率与PCI术后7 d比较显著降低(P<0.05).结论 补气活血化瘀止血配方预防PCI术后出血的效果与泮托拉唑钠肠溶胶囊相似.此外,由于潜在的CYP450酶依赖性机制,补气活血化瘀止血配方对氯吡格雷的干扰作用较泮托拉唑钠肠溶胶囊小.     

髓质海绵肾的影像学诊断（附13例报告）

目的研究髓质海绵肾（MSK）的影像学表现，并提高其诊断准确性。方法临床疑诊MSK的13例患者中，起先8例经X线平片检查，11例经超声检查，7例经CT平扫，其中，3例又经CT增强扫描，随后，11例经静脉肾盂造影（IVP）证实，2例经手术病理证实。对所有患者的影像表现进行了回顾性分析。结果IVP显示集合管呈线状、囊状扩张。X线平片显示肾乳头、髓质区簇状排列的圆形、椭圆形致密影。超声显示围绕肾髓质放射状分布的小回声区和强回声光点。CT平扫示环绕肾小盏分布的点状或簇状结石影，髓质区饱满、明显增大，呈低密度影，增强后，结石影周围的集合管内造影剂蓄积，造成结石影增大的假象。结论IVP是诊断本病例的金标准，但它属于有创性检查，X线平片可作为本病的首选检查方法，而CT能清楚显示肾内结石的形态、大小及分布状况，尤其是髓质增大且呈低密度是本病一新的重要征象之一。     

南海海绵Clathria fasciculate化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

从中国南海海绵Clathria fasciculate的乙酸乙酯相分离鉴定出4个有机化合物，经GC-MS，FAB，IR，^1HNMR,^13CNMR和COSY等波谱技术确定它们分别是：胆甾-4-烯-3-酮（Ⅰ）；豆甾-4-烯-3-酮（Ⅱ）；（Z）-17-二十四碳烯-1-醇（Ⅲ）和1-（17Z-二十四碳烯基）-甘油醚（Ⅳ），为首次有关该种属海绵化学成分研究系列的第二次报道。     

An unusual association of contralateral congenital small kidney, reduced renal function and hyperparathyroidism in sponge kidney patients: on the track of the molecular basis.

Of unknown pathogenesis, sponge kidney (SK) is variably associated with nephrocalcinosis, stones, nephronic tubule dysfunctions and precalyceal duct cysts. Amongst 72 unrelated renal SK patients with renal stone disease, we detected one with unilateral bifid renal pelvis and six with unilateral small kidneys (longitudinal diameter difference >15%). Secondary causes of small kidney were excluded. Of the seven cases, four had reduced renal function (67 vs 7% in the entire cohort), and three developed hyperparathyroidism during follow-up (43 vs 4%). The pathogenesis of SK ought to explain why anatomical structures of different embryological origin are involved (the precalyceal and collecting ducts and the nephron) and why there is frequent association with hyperparathyroidism. In embryogenesis, the metanephric blastema synthesizes the chemotactic glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to prompt the ureteric bud to branch off from Wolff's mesonephric duct, and to approach and invade the blastema. The bud's tip expresses the GDNF receptor (RET). RET-GDNF binding is crucial not only for the correct formation of ureters and collecting ducts (both of Wolffian origin), but also for nephrogenesis. We advance the hypothesis that SK results from a disruption in the ureteric bud-metanephric blastema interface, possibly due to one or more mutations or polymorphisms of RET or GDNF genes. This would explain: the concurrent alterations in precalyceal ducts and the functional defects in the nephron, the occasional association with size and the functional asymmetry between the two kidneys, some degree of renal dysplasia causing the reduction in the glomerular filtration rate and (given the role of RET in parathyroid cell proliferation) the association with hyperparathyroidism.     

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in lupus erythematosus responding to prednisone therapy

A 48-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with clinical bleeding. Since no other cause for DIC could be demonstrated, he was treated with prednisone, which rapidly corrected his DIC. This case demonstrates the need for a complete hematological investigation of patients with SLE who present with hemostatic abnormalities.     

INFECTION AFTER RETINAL DETACHMENT SURGERY

In 250 consecutive retinal detachment operations performed by the author, there were 14 cases (56%) of infection of the scleral buckle The commonest infecting organism was Staphylococcus aureus.
The surgery in these infected cases took longer than average, and utilized more than the usual amount of silicone sponge, a higher proportion were reoperations After an average follow-up of 22 months, only six of the 14 had vision of 6/36 or better and of these, two had persisting inferior traction detachments.
On the basis of this study and others, the preferred management of infected scleral buckles is to remove the sponge as soon as the diagnosis is made The risk of redetachment is a lesser evil than the sequelae of prolonged inflammation which include traction retinal detachment, massive perirebnal proliferabon, and premacular fibrosis.     

墓头回止血作用机制的探讨

大、小鼠 P.0给予墓头回(PSB)20g/kg、26g/kg,qd×4d 或 qd×7d,能有效地防治5-FU 所致血小板减少。ip PSB3g/kg、5g/kg 可明显促进家兔循环血小板聚集。小鼠 P.0给予PSB14g/kg、20g/kg,qd×5d,其能显著降低毛细血管通透性;PSB 对大鼠、蟾蜍下肢血管具收缩作用。初步认为,PSB 止血作用机制可能与其对血小板和血管的作用有关。     

中药治疗功能性子宫出血案例分析

目的观察中药治疗功能性子宫出血的疗效。方法共观察本病45例,急性出血期用自拟固冲1号方止血,出血减少缓解期给予辩证施治,血止后中药人工周期调理以善后。1个月经周期为1个疗程,连续3个疗程。结果痊愈18例（占40.6%）,显效14例（占31.2）,有效10例（占21.8%）,无效3例（占6.2%）,总有效率93.8%。     

鼻内镜下再次行泪囊鼻腔吻合术联合丝裂霉素及明胶海绵疗效观察

目的:探讨鼻外进路泪囊鼻腔吻合术失败后,应用明胶海绵联合丝裂霉素在鼻内镜下再手术的效果。方法:自下泪小点导入泪道探针至骨窗,在鼻内镜下予镰状刀切开骨窗处黏膜,清除骨窗的瘢痕组织,扩大骨孔,放入浸有0.2g/L的丝裂霉素棉片5分钟后,用生理盐水清洗,再放入浸有皮质类固醇及抗生素的明胶海绵填入吻合腔,待膨胀的明胶海绵完全填塞吻合口后,下方鼻腔再填入明胶海绵。结果:术后随访6～22个月,治愈13例(81%),好转2例(12%),未愈1例(7%),总有效率93%。结论:丝裂霉素联合压缩明胶海绵对充填吻合道、止血防粘连、抑制纤维化及减轻吻合口收缩起重要作用     

Studies on the pathogenesis of coagulopathy in patients with arterial thromboembolism and malignancy

Plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex(TAT), plasmin-₂-plasmin inhibitor complex(PAP), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) plasminogen activator antigen(PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen(PAI-1), were determined in 110 patients with arterial thromboembolic diseases within 4 weeks after attack (Th; 41 cases with myocardial infarction and 69 with cerebral infarction), 67 patients with various types of carcinoma(Ca; 31 cases without metastasis and 36 with metastasis)and 50 age-matched healthy individuals(Co). The following results were obtained: 1) Mean plasma levels of TAT, PAP, vWF:Ag, PA and PAI-1 were significantly higher in Th than Co. 2) Mean plasma levels of TAT, PA and PAI-1 were significantly higher in Ca than Co regardless of metastasis but those of PAP and vWF:Ag were significantly higher only in Ca with metastasis than Co. 3) Significant relationship was observed between plasma levels of TAT and PAP both in Th and Ca. 4) Significant relationship was also observed between plasma levels of TAT and vWF:Ag, PA or PAI-1 in Th, but not in Ca. It is suggested from these results that the coagulopathies observed in these patients result from the activation of intravascular blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and that vascular endothelial cell damage may play an important role in the activation in Th.