Leptin, lipid and lipid metabolism-related hormones in chronic renal failure in Arabia

SUMMARY: In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), hyperleptinaemia has been widely reported, but the exact mechanisms leading to elevated leptin levels are unclear. Impaired renal clearance of leptin and the influence of other hormones may be important. In this study, we measured serum leptin levels in 150 patients on haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or in the predialysis phase of CRF. Furthermore, we measured plasma levels of insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), as well as plasma levels of triacylglycerols and total low density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. We observed significantly elevated levels of leptin, particularly in female patients, and leptin was shown to correlate significantly with insulin, total and LDL-cholesterol and log triacylglycerols. Leptin was inversely correlated with GH concentrations, but was not correlated with IGF-1 levels. Despite the multiple correlations established between leptin levels and other variables, only hyperinsulinaemia in CRF seems to be important as a determinator of leptin levels.     

儿童髓母细胞瘤中VEGFR-2的表达

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子受体VEGFR－2在儿童髓母细胞瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法：采用免疫组化LSAB法检测84例获随访的儿童髓母细胞瘤中的VEGFR－2表达，按术后生存期3，5，10年分为A，B，C三组，使用Cox回归统计分析。结果：84例儿童髓母细胞瘤中，VEGFR－2阳性表达74例（88．09％），A，B，C三组间VEGFR－2阳性表达分别为100％，88．89％，55．33％（P＜0．01），Cox回归分析显示VEGFR－2是影响生存时间的一个独立的预后因子，它与预后存在负相关关系。结论：VEGFR－2表达水平可作为儿童髓母细胞瘤的预后指标之一。     

SA脂质体介导GFP／bFGF基因在豚鼠耳蜗中的表达

目的 :观察天然碱性脂 (Stearylamine,SA)脂质体介导绿色荧光蛋白 /碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(GFP/bFGF)基因于不同时间段豚鼠耳蜗中的表达 ,为进一步研究耳聋的基因治疗提供实验基础。方法 :取豚鼠 1 6只 ,分成 4组 ,每组 4只。其中 3只右耳圆窗内注入SA -GFP/bFGF复合物 ,1只同法注入生理盐水作为对照。分别于术后第 2、7、1 4、2 1天取材。在荧光显微镜下观察GFP的表达 ,用免疫组化法检测bFGF的转导情况。结果 :荧光显微镜下见双侧耳蜗于术后第 2天开始部分细胞发出绿色荧光 ,第 7天达到高峰 ,支持细胞及内外毛细胞均显荧光 ,细胞轮廓清晰 ;第 1 4天开始减弱 ,第 2 1天消失。免疫组化染色显示 ,除血管纹外 ,耳蜗各回Corti器、螺旋韧带、螺旋缘及螺旋神经节细胞均有高浓度的表达产物 ,对照动物呈阴性表达。结论 :SA脂质体介导的GFP/bFGF基因单耳给药双侧耳蜗均有高效表达 ,为进一步研究基因治疗耳聋提供了可能。     

Chronic treatment with scopolamine and physostigmine changes nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor density and NGF content in rat brain

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors were measured in cortex and hippocampus of rats treated with drugs affecting cholinergic neurotransmission. High (K_d= 0.045nM) and low (K_d= 21nM) affinity¹²⁵I-NGF binding sites were present in both cortical and hippocampal membranes with hippocampus containing higher numbers of both sites than cortex. Chronic treatment of rats with the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (5 mg/kg, twice daily) decreased the density of high- and low-affinity sites by 50–90% in cortical and hippocampal membranes. These changes were seen after 7 days, but not 3 days, of scopolamine treatment. Chronic infusion of physostigmine (1 mg/kg/day) using minipumps increased the number of high- and low-affinity sites in cortex 3- and 6-fold, respectively. The changes in receptor-binding parameters induced by physostigmine were transient as they were evident after 3 days of treatment, but returned to control levels after 7 days. NGF content in cortex and hippocampus was reduced by about 50% following 7, but not 3, days of chronic physostigmine infusion. In contrast, scopolamine treatment failed to change NGF levels in the cholinergic neuronal target regions but it decreased NGF content in the septal area. The content of NGF mRNA in the cortex measured by Northern blot analysis failed to change following either scopolamine or physostigmine treatment. The results suggest that levels of NGF and NGF receptors in the target regions of cholinergic neurons are regulated by the extent of cholinergic neurotransmitter activity.     

重组人血小板源性生长因子增加细胞外信号调节激酶磷酸化促进糖尿病大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面愈合

目的 在体观察重组人血小板源性生长因子（recombinant human platelet—derived growth factor，rhPDGF）促进糖尿病大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面修复可能涉及的细胞和分子机制，研究其可能涉及的信号通路。方法 26只糖尿病大鼠，每只动物背部制备4个全层皮肤缺损创面，选取其中52个创面，随机分成3组，即对照组，创面自然愈合；rhPDGF治疗组，创面rhPDGF用量为7．0μg／cm^2；赋形剂组，创面用等量赋形剂凝胶。观察治疗后3、7和14d创面肉芽形成、胶原沉积、再上皮化速率以及炎性细胞浸润情况，并采用免疫荧光和免疫组织化学技术观察创面周围和创面修复细胞内细胞外信号调节激酶1／2（extracellular signal—regulated kinase1／2，ERK1／2）磷酸化和增殖细胞核抗原（proliferative cell nuclear antigen，PCNA）的表达。结果 组织学观察，rhPDGF治疗组创面可见大量炎性细胞浸润，毛细血管胚芽及成纤维细胞明显多于另两组（P〈0．05）；胶原沉积明显，肉芽组织生长活跃，创面收缩显著，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。免疫学研究显示，应用rhPDGF7～14d后，rhPDGF治疗组ERK1／2明显强于对照组和赋形剂组（P〈0．05）；且损伤后3～7d rhPDGF治疗组修复细胞PCNA的表达明显高于对照组和赋形剂组（P〈0．05）。结论 rhPDGF促糖尿病大鼠刨面愈合的作用部分是通过ERK1／2信号通路的磷酸化来完成的。     

Vascular endothelial growth factor in psoriasis: an indicator of disease severity and control

Background  Psoriasis is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal epidermal proliferation, inflammation and angiogenesis. It has been reported that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is overexpressed in lesional psoriatic skin and its serum levels are significantly elevated in patients with moderate to severe disease.
Objective  This study aims to evaluate the possible role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and its significance as an indicator of disease severity and control.
Methods  Thirty patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and 10 healthy controls were subjected to baseline evaluation of VEGF. Patients were divided into three groups according to the received treatment: psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) thrice weekly (group 1), acitretin 50 mg daily (group 2), and combined PUVA twice weekly and acitretin 25 mg daily (group 3).Treatment continued for 16 weeks or up to clinical cure. Every patient was subjected to severity evaluation by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and measurement of serum VEGF before and after treatment.
Results  Mean serum levels of VEGF were significantly elevated in patients (327 ± 66.2 pg/mL) than control subjects (178 ± 83.4 pg/mL). A highly significant correlation was found between VEGF and PASI score, but not with other variables. The best clinical response, the least side-effects and the highest reduction of VEGF serum levels were achieved by the combined therapy.
Conclusion  The present study supported the proposed role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and suggested that it could serve as a good indicator of disease severity and control.     

脑出血后的抑制细胞凋亡干预

脑出血后血肿周围组织可发生继发性损伤。研究表明，细胞凋亡在脑出血后继发性损伤中起着重要作用。抑制细胞凋亡可显著改善脑出血后的神经功能缺损。     

顺平县11年间产后出血相关因素分析和防治措施研究

目的分析与产后出血相关的因素，提出合理的防治措施。方法以12600例产妇为研究对象，将胎儿娩出后2h内出血量达到或超过400ml，或胎儿娩出后24h出血量达到或超过500ml定义为产后出血，测量产后出血量。通过非条件Logistic回归分析，筛选出与产后出血相关的主要危险因素，对比出血发生率的变化。结果在12600例分娩产妇中，符合产后出血的有198例，单因素分析中有10个因素有统计学意义。结论加强孕前宜教和孕期管理，提高助产技术，规范缩官素在产前的应用，降低了产后出血的发生。     

Angiolipoma of the buccal mucosa: a possible role of mast cell-derived VEGF in its enhanced vascularity

A case of angiolipoma occurring in the buccal mucosa of a 69-year-old male is described. The patient had noticed a painless mass in his buccal mucosa for 2 years. The surgically removed tumor, measuring 9 mm in diameter, was mainly located in the submucosal layer with focal expansion into the muscle layer. Histologically, the tumor was well-demarcated and composed of proliferations of mature fat cells and fibrous connective tissue containing many small blood vessels, which were evenly distributed. There was diffuse infiltration of a large number of mast cells, which were immunopositive for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) especially around blood vessels, suggesting that VEGF produced by mast cells in angiolipomas plays an important role in the vascular proliferation in this particular tumor.