The accuracy of virtual-surgical-planning-assisted treatment of hemifacial microsomia in adult patients: distraction osteogenesis vs. orthognathic surgery

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a common congenital craniofacial deformity with a high prevalence. Orthognathic surgery and distraction osteogenesis are two conventionally used treatments of HFM. The main objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the accuracy of two treatments with the help of virtual surgical planning in adult HFM patients. Sixty-eight adult patients with unilateral HFM were enrolled in this study. Preoperative surgical planning and simulation were performed on three-dimensional computed tomography models. Orthognathic surgery or distraction osteogenesis was performed under the guidance of three-dimensional surgical templates. Postoperative evaluation of the intervention was performed by comparison of the affected ramus height, chin deviation and the occlusal cant in surgical planning and actual result. Outcome and feedback information (an average of 14 months) showed that virtual surgical planning was accurately transferred to actual surgery in both surgical approaches. There were no statistical differences between the accuracy of affected ramus height and the occlusal cant in two surgical approaches. The orthognathic group showed significantly higher accuracy in chin deviation. In conclusion, virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional surgical templates were proved to facilitate treatment planning and offer an accurate surgical result in the treatment of adult HFM patients.     

The many faces of hemifacial spasm: Differential diagnosis of unilateral facial spasms

Hemifacial spasm is defined as unilateral, involuntary, irregular clonic or tonic movement of muscles innervated by the seventh cranial nerve. Most frequently attributed to vascular loop compression at the root exit zone of the facial nerve, there are many other etiologies of unilateral facial movements that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemifacial spasm. The primary purpose of this review is to draw attention to the marked heterogeneity of unilateral facial spasms and to focus on clinical characteristics of mimickers of hemifacial spasm and on atypical presentations of nonvascular cases. In addition to a comprehensive review of the literature on hemifacial spasm, medical records and videos of consecutive patients referred to the Movement Disorders Clinic at Baylor College of Medicine for hemifacial spasm between 2000 and 2010 were reviewed, and videos of illustrative cases were edited. Among 215 patients referred for evaluation of hemifacial spasm, 133 (62%) were classified as primary or idiopathic hemifacial spasm (presumably caused by vascular compression of the ipsilateral facial nerve), and 4 (2%) had hereditary hemifacial spasm. Secondary causes were found in 40 patients (19%) and included Bell's palsy (n = 23, 11%), facial nerve injury (n = 13, 6%), demyelination (n = 2), and brain vascular insults (n = 2). There were an additional 38 patients (18%) with hemifacial spasm mimickers classified as psychogenic, tics, dystonia, myoclonus, and hemimasticatory spasm. We concluded that although most cases of hemifacial spasm are idiopathic and probably caused by vascular compression of the facial nerve, other etiologies should be considered in the differential diagnosis, particularly if there are atypical features. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society     

置起搏器的老年人心律失常分析及随访观察

分析２５例置永久心脏起搏器的老年人缓慢性心律失常，其中以病态窦房结综合征（ＳＳＳ）多见（２２例）。原发病以冠心病为主（２１例）。随访２～６９个月，全部患者原有症状消失，生活自理。置心室按需型起搏器已能达到治疗目的，尤以双腔起搏器（ＤＤＤ）之类的生理性起搏器者生活质量明显提高。置起搏器后单纯型ＳＳＳ者心律失常有所改善，但仍有１６％发生房颤，置ＤＤＤ者尚可发生起搏介入性心动过速，随访及时发现和处理新的心律失常不可忽视。     

Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Primary Meige Syndrome: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Meige syndrome.Materials and MethodsFifteen consecutive patients who underwent STN-DBS at the Peking University People’s Hospital between September 2017 and June 2018 were included in this study. The Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) movement score and the BFMDRS disability score were obtained prior to surgery, and at specific time points after surgery. Patients’ sleep status was also assessed before and after surgery.ResultsThe BFMDRS movement scores decreased from 15.3 ± 4.6 to 5.2 ± 6.2 after STN-DBS, with a mean improvement of 68.6% (p < 0.05). The BFMDRS disability scores were also significantly decreased, from 6.9 ± 3.3 to 3.5 ± 2.9, with a mean improvement of 51.7% (p < 0.05). The eye, mouth, speech, and swallowing movement scores also decreased significantly after STN-DBS compared to baseline (p < 0.05). The sleep quality of the patients was also improved after surgery.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that the STN is an effective brain target for the treatment of patients with Meige syndrome. STN-DBS was not only able to improve patients’ motor symptoms, but also their sleep status.     

Stimulation-Induced Dyskinesia After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients With Meige Syndrome

ObjectivesDeep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is increasingly used to treat Meige syndrome (MS) and markedly improves symptoms. Stimulation-induced dyskinesia (SID), which adversely affects surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction, may, however, occur in some patients. This study attempts to explore possible causes of SID.Materials and MethodsRetrospectively collected clinical data on 32 patients who underwent STN-DBS between October 2016 and April 2019 were analyzed. Clinical outcomes were assessed pre- and post-surgery, using the Burke–Fahn–Marsden dystonia rating scale (BFMDRS). Patients were divided into a dyskinesia group and a non-dyskinesia group, according to whether or not they experienced persistent SID during follow-up. The coordinates of the active contacts were calculated from post-operative computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, using the inter-commissural line as a reference. At final follow-up, the main stimulatory parameters for further study included pulse width, voltage, and frequency.ResultsAt final follow-up (mean = 16.3 ± 7.2 months), MS patients had improved BFMDRS total scores compared with pre-surgical scores (mean improvement = 79.0%, p < 0.0001). The mean improvement in BFMDRS total scores in the dyskinesia (n = 10) and non-dyskinesia (n = 22) groups were 81.6 ± 8.8% and 77.9 ± 14.2%, respectively. The mean minimum voltage to induce dyskinesia was 1.7 ± 0.3 V. The programmed parameters of both groups were similar. When compared with the non-dyskinesia group, active stimulatory contact coordinates in the dyskinesia group were inferior (mean left side: z = −2.3 ± 1.7 mm vs. z = −1.2 ± 1.5 mm; p = 0.0282; mean right side: z = −2.7 ± 1.9 mm vs. z = −2.3 ± 1.7 mm; p = 0.0256). The x and y coordinates were similar.ConclusionSTN-DBS is an effective intervention for MS, providing marked improvements in clinical symptoms; SID may, however occur in the subsequent programming control process. Comparing patients with/without dyskinesia, the active contacts were located closer to the inferior part of the STN in patients with dyskinesia, which may provide an explanation for the dyskinesia.     

Blefarospasmo y espasmo hemifacial: tratamiento a largo plazo con toxina botulínica

Introduction

Our purpose is to describe the demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients with blepharospasm (BS) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) in treatment with botulinum toxin type A (BtA).

Patients and methods

Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with BS or HFS and treated with BtA in the Neurology Department at Complejo Asistencial de Segovia between March 1991 and December 2009.

Results

Different variables were collected from 34 patients with BS and 55 with HFS, of whom 44.1% and 32.7% respectively had been undergoing treatment with BtA for more than 10 years. Elapsed time from symptom onset to the first visit was 24 months in the BS group and 59.7 months in the HFS group. Diagnosis was given on the first visit for 76.5% of the BS patients and 90.7% of the HFS patients. Patients were referred by their primary care centres in 34.6% of the cases with BS and in 77.6% of the cases with HFS. The most commonly used BtA preparation was BOTOX^® in both groups, and there were no cases of primary or secondary resistance. The median dose of BtA was raised gradually in both groups, and the increase was statistically significant during the early years of treatment. The most common side effect was ptosis (47.1% in BS, 32.5% in HFS).

Conclusions

BS and HFS are the most common facial movement disorders. The demographic and clinical characteristics and therapeutic findings from this study show that treatment with BtA is both effective and safe over the long term.     

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术后远期疗效及影响因素分析

目的评价显微血管减压术（MVD）治疗面肌痉挛的远期疗效,并分析影响其疗效的相关因素。方法回顾性分析473例经MVD治疗的面肌痉挛病人的临床资料,观察术后疗效、复发率及相关并发症：并通过有序多分类Logistic回归分析影响MVD疗效的相关因素。结果经MVD治疗后痊愈359例（75．9％）,缓解86例（18．2％）,无效28例（5．9％）,总有效率达94．1％。有序多分类Logistic回归分析显示：术中面神经受压程度和术中异常肌反应（AMR）检测消失情况对病人的远期疗效有显著影响（P〈0．01）。随访期间复发11例,行再次手术5例。面瘫、耳鸣和脑脊液漏等术后并发症均在随访期间恢复,部分听力下降病人无改善。结论MVD治疗面肌痉挛安全、有效。在明确解除责任血管压迫的前提下,术中面神经可见有压迹和术中AMR消失的病人,MVD的远期疗效更好。     

磁共振在诊断三叉神经痛及面肌痉挛中成像序列的选择

目的：对磁共振应用常规及特殊成像序列诊断三叉神经痛（TN）及面肌痉挛（Fs）的价值进行评价。方法：TN及Fs患者52例,行SET1WI、T2WI扫描,排除占位后再行3D—TSE序列和3D—VIBE序列扫描。经3DMRP、MIP、min—MIP后处理图像,观察神经与周围血管的关系。结果：16例TN和8例FS为肿瘤引起,行切除术：23例TN和5例FS为血管压迫所致,行微血管减压术。3D—VIBE、3D—TSE序列综合判断血管压迫性三叉神经痛及面肌痉挛的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性、手术符合率分别为92％（23／25）、33．3％（1／3）、96％（24／25）、85．7％（24／28）。结论：磁共振扫描对明确三叉神经痛及面肌痉挛的病因具有重要价值,3D—TSE序列和3D—VIBE序列是显示血管神经空间关系的敏感方法．对TN和FS的术前评估具有较高的价值。     

上海市浦东新区女性流动人口生殖健康认知现状调查

目的:了解上海市浦东新区流动人口女性生殖健康相关认知水平和行为现状,为开展健康干预奠定基础。方法:2012年1~6月,用整群抽样的研究方法在浦东新区随机抽取6个街镇,对其流动人口聚集的场所中595名女性流动人口进行问卷调查和生殖健康检查。结果:该人群首次性行为年龄为21.2±3.2岁,其中55%未采用任何避孕措施。文化程度越高,艾滋病和生殖避孕知识水平也越高(P0.05);该人群血清检查梅毒螺旋体阳性率为2.5%、人免疫缺陷病毒阳性率为0.416%、丙型肝炎阳性率为0.83%。结论:浦东新区女性流动人口生殖健康认知水平仍有待提高,应该加强生殖健康认知的宣教,提倡安全性行为,减少感染性传播疾病的发生风险。