Enhancement of imipramine-induced rat brain β-adrenoreceptor desensitization by subacute co-administration of trazodone,zimelidine, quipazine or 5-hydroxytryptophan

The present work was undertaken to characterize the role of serotonin in the regulation of -adrenoceptors utilizing isoprenaline-induced water drinking in the rat. For this purpose, a serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (24.3 mg/kg/day, PO), the serotonin neuronal uptake blockers, trazodone (18.5 mg/kg/day, PO), or zimelidine (14.6 mg/kg/day, PO) or a serotonin agonist, quipazine (12.6 mg/kg/day, PO) were administered either alone or in combination with imipramine for a period of 4 days. While none of these drugs alone showed any significant effect in attenuating the effects of isoprenaline-induced water drinking, their co- administration with imipramine did produce a significant reduction in isoprenaline-induced drinking. Simultaneous injection of the serotonin synthesis inhibitor,p-chlorophenylalanine (200 mg/kg/day, IP), has resulted in blockade of this acceleration of desensitization of -adrenoceptors produced by the subacute co-administration of trazodone or quipazine with imipramine. The selective 5HT₂ receptor antagonist ketanserin (4 mg/kg/day/ IP) significantly inhibited the attenuation of the isoprenaline-induced drinking attained by the co-administration of quipazine with imipramine, while methysergide (2 mg/kg/day, IP) which blocks both 5HT₁ and 5HT₂ receptors failed to produce a significant effect on this response. These results indicate that the inhibition of the synaptosomal uptake of serotonin by quipazine seems to be more pertinent than its serotoninergic agonistic effect in the desensitization of central -adrenoceptors in the rat. Thus, it can be concluded that noradrenaline and serotonin are both required for the process of the desensitization of central -adrenoceptor systems by antidepressants.Part of this paper was presented at the International Symposium of Serotonin from Cell Biology to Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Florence (Italy), March 29–April 1989     

The measurement of harmful outcomes following drinking on licensed premises

The relationships between five potential indicators of alcohol-related harm following drinking on licensed premises in Perth were explored. These were annual purchases made by individual licensees of 'high' (>=3.8%) and 'low' (<3.8%) alcohol content drinks, the number of times a particular licensed establishment is cited by drivers as the last place of drinking prior to failing a roadside breath-test (including after accidents) and the annual number of assaults occurring either on or in the vicinity of particular licensed premises. The study area selected was a central part of the Perth metropolitan area with 367 licensed premises serving a residential population of 400 000. Highly significant correlations were found between each of the five variables. The correlations involving purchases of low alcohol drinks, however, were small. When purchases of alcohol were controlled, significant, though lower, correlations, were still evident between the other three variables. This suggests that there are risk factors other than extent of alcohol sales which further research will need to identify, and that these indicators of harm can be of value in monitoring the impact of future intervention strategies.     

Alcohol and recreational drug use by HIV-seropositive homosexual men

The objectives of this study were to describe the patterns of alcohol and recreational drug use of HIV-seropositive homosexual men and to determine the effect of alcohol use on HIV risk-taking behaviour. Of particular interest was the effect of knowledge of HIV status on these behaviours. Information on alcohol and drug use was obtained from 485 HIV-seropositive homosexual and bisexual men presenting to a HIV-antibody testing and medical management clinic. Heavy alcohol use was common, with 46.2% reporting consumption of six or more standard drinks on one day recently. Men who knew that they were HIV infected drank significantly more than those men who had yet to learn of their HIV status at the time of interview. There was clear evidence in this study for a role of alcohol use in HIV risk-taking behaviour. Almost one-third (27%) of the HIV-seropositive men reported unprotected anal intercourse during the previous 3 months with approximately one-third of these (27/76, 35·5%) nominating alcohol as contributing to their high HIV-risk behaviour.     

Cerebral metabolic and vasopressin and oxytocin responses during osmotic stimulation in conscious rats

Intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline increased plasma [Na (+) ] and osmolality and induced a short-latency drinking response. These changes were associated with increased glucose utilization in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and neural lobe, and decreases in the medial septum and nucleus ambiguus. The increases in glucose utilization were more accentuated in the supraoptic nuclei than in paraventricular nuclei, indicating that they are more sensitive to osmotic stimulation than the paraventricular nuclei. In association with enhanced activity in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, plasma vasopressin and oxytocin concentrations increased, with a preferential increase of oxytocin over vasopressin. The hormonal contents in the neural lobe were not depleted by the osmotic stimulus despite the large increases of their concentrations in the plasma.     

谷胱甘肽治疗急性酒精中毒

目的 :探讨谷胱甘肽注射液治疗急性酒精中毒的疗效及安全性。方法 :5 0例急性酒精中毒昏睡期病人随机分为 2组 :谷胱甘肽组 2 8例 [男性 2 3例 ,女性 5例 ,年龄 (33±s 11)a],给予谷胱甘肽注射液 1.8g加入 5 %葡萄糖注射液 2 5 0mL中静脉滴注。促进乙醇氧化组 2 2例 [男性 18例 ,女性 4例 ,年龄 (35± 9)a],给予 5 %葡萄糖注射液 2 5 0mL +2 0U正规胰岛素注射液静脉滴注 ,同时给予维生素C、维生素B6 静脉注射。 2组病人均给予温水洗胃 ,并给予静脉注射呋塞米、西咪替丁及补液治疗。结果 :在清醒时间及给药后 3h清醒例数方面 ,治疗组明显优于对照组 ,治疗组病人苏醒时间为 (76± 4 4 )min ;对照组为 (133± 5 9)min(P <0 .0 1)。给药后 3h治疗组清醒 2 5例 (89% ) ,对照组清醒 7例(32 % ) (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :谷胱甘肽注射液治疗急性酒精中毒昏睡期病人的苏醒时间明显短于传统的促进乙醇氧化疗法 ,对急性酒精中毒具有可靠的治疗效果     

Influence of Hypertension, Lipometabolism Disorders, Obesity and Other Lifestyles on Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Objective To investigate whether hypertension, abnormal lipometabolism, obesity, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking affect the intracerebral hemorrhagic volumes (IHV) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIHP), and to explore the roles of these factors in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIH). Methods Five hundred patients with acute SIH and 200 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a study of independently randomized controlled design, in which the levels of systolic pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP), and total cholesterol (TCH), triacylglycerols (triglycerides, TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) in serum as well as the level of erythrocytic membrane cholesterol (EM-CH) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI), daily cigarette smoking consumption (DCSC) and daily pure alcohol consumption (DPAC) were calculated. Results Compared with the average parameters in the HAV group, those of SP, DP, TG,     

胸苷酸合成酶基因多态性及烟酒茶嗜好与贲门癌易感性的关系

目的 :研究胸苷酸合成酶TS3′ UTR多态性及其和烟酒茶嗜好相互作用与贲门癌易感性的关系。方法 :在上消化道癌高发区淮安市进行了一个病例对照研究 (贲门癌 89例 ,人群对照 2 2 3例 ) ,调查研究对象的生活习惯 ,采用PCR RFLP技术检测研究对象的TS 3′ UTR基因型。结果 :贲门癌组TS 6/ 6bp、 6/-6bp和 -6/-6bp基因型频率分别为7 9%、43 8%和 48 3 % ,与对照组( 8 1%、5 4 3 %和 3 7 7% )相比差异无统计学意义。与携带TS 6bp等位基因且不吸烟、每周饮酒 <2次和饮茶者相比 ,在吸烟、每周饮酒≥ 2次和不饮茶者中 ,携带TS -6/-6bp基因型者发生贲门癌的危险性显著上升 ,调整后的OR分别为 3 99( 95 %CI:1 5 1～ 10 5 0 )、3 2 2 ( 95 %CI :1 2 1～8 5 5 )和 6 14 ( 95 %CI:2 3 9～ 15 77)。结论 :TS 3′ UTR基因多态性影响吸烟、饮酒和饮茶与贲门癌之间的关系     

GSTM1、GSTT1基因多态性和饮酒习惯与原发性肝癌发生的危险性

目的　研究GSTM 1和GSTT 1基因的多态性和饮酒习惯与原发性肝癌发生的危险性。方法　在肝癌高发区江苏省泰兴市进行了以人群为基础的病例对照研究 ,并应用多重PCR法检测了 2 0 7例原发性肝癌及其 1∶1配对的正常对照的GSTM 1和GSTT 1基因型。结果　GSTM 1空白基因型的频率 ,病例组为 5 8.94% ,对照组为 5 7.0 0 % ;GSTT 1空白基因型的频率 ,病例组和对照组分别为 5 2 .17%和 46.86% ,2组间无显著性差异。但GSTT 1的空白基因型与非空白基因型相比 ,当其长期饮用高度白酒达2 3年以上或月饮酒量大于 3 0 0 0 g时 ,患肝癌的危险性显著增高 (OR =2 .5 6,95 %CI为 1.0 8～ 6.0 5或OR =3 .48,95 %CI为 3 1.47～ 8.2 2 ) ;此外分析饮酒总量 (kg·年 )也得到同样的结果 (OR =3 .71,95 %为 1.5 1～ 9.12 )。结论　携带GSTT 1空白基因型且有长期大量饮酒习惯者 ,其患肝癌的危险性显著增高     

高水碘摄入与血脂异常流行病学关联的探索性研究

目的 初步探索饮水高碘摄入是否与人群血脂异常存在流行病学关联.方法 2006年国家碘缺乏病国际合作技术指导中心在江苏省徐州市睢宁地区的水碘抽样调查基础上,以各居民户水碘含量为线索,筛选高碘饮水居民81人和适碘饮水居民101人,采集静脉血.比较高碘组和对照组居民血脂(TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoA1、apoB)水平,并利用分层分析排除年龄、性别的影响;比较两组居民各血脂指标异常检出率,得到相应高碘组血脂异常的RR值及其95%CI,分析居民饮水碘含量与居民血脂指标的相关关系.结果 高碘组居民血清中apoA1水平显著低于埘照组,其余血脂指标水平两组问的差异无统计学意义;高碘组HDL-C过低异常率(16.88%)显著大于对照组异常率(7.22%),其余血脂指标异常率两组间的差异无统计学意义;高碘组居民血清apoA1、HDL-C与饮水中碘含量呈负相关,对照组居民血清中各血脂指标与饮水水碘含量均无显著相关.结论 饮用高碘水可能使血脂异常的风险增加.     

中药制草乌中重金属、六六六及滴滴涕含量分析

目的:通过对制草乌进行重金属、六六六及滴滴涕的含量分析,了解制草乌中重金属、六六六及滴滴涕含量的情况,为质量标准的制定提供依据.方法:按食品检验标准方法,分别用原子吸收分光光度计和原子荧光分光光度计对制草乌进行铅与镉、砷与汞等重金属测定;采用毛细管气相色谱测定六六六、滴滴涕含量.结果:制草乌中汞、六六六及滴滴涕的含量符合汞≤0.2 mg·kg-1、BHC≤0.1 mg·kg-1、DDT≤0.1 mg·kg-1的规定;重金属铅、镉、砷含量不符合铅≤5.0mg·kg-1、镉≤0.3 mg·kg-1、砷≤2.0 mg·kg-1的规定,10个样品中有7个样品铅含量偏高、有5个样品镉含量偏高、有8个样品砷含量偏高.结论:重金属铅、镉、砷含量偏高;汞、六六六、滴滴涕含量正常.