Alcohol and recreational drug use by HIV-seropositive homosexual men

The objectives of this study were to describe the patterns of alcohol and recreational drug use of HIV-seropositive homosexual men and to determine the effect of alcohol use on HIV risk-taking behaviour. Of particular interest was the effect of knowledge of HIV status on these behaviours. Information on alcohol and drug use was obtained from 485 HIV-seropositive homosexual and bisexual men presenting to a HIV-antibody testing and medical management clinic. Heavy alcohol use was common, with 46.2% reporting consumption of six or more standard drinks on one day recently. Men who knew that they were HIV infected drank significantly more than those men who had yet to learn of their HIV status at the time of interview. There was clear evidence in this study for a role of alcohol use in HIV risk-taking behaviour. Almost one-third (27%) of the HIV-seropositive men reported unprotected anal intercourse during the previous 3 months with approximately one-third of these (27/76, 35·5%) nominating alcohol as contributing to their high HIV-risk behaviour.     

Cerebral metabolic and vasopressin and oxytocin responses during osmotic stimulation in conscious rats

Intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline increased plasma [Na (+) ] and osmolality and induced a short-latency drinking response. These changes were associated with increased glucose utilization in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and neural lobe, and decreases in the medial septum and nucleus ambiguus. The increases in glucose utilization were more accentuated in the supraoptic nuclei than in paraventricular nuclei, indicating that they are more sensitive to osmotic stimulation than the paraventricular nuclei. In association with enhanced activity in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, plasma vasopressin and oxytocin concentrations increased, with a preferential increase of oxytocin over vasopressin. The hormonal contents in the neural lobe were not depleted by the osmotic stimulus despite the large increases of their concentrations in the plasma.     

谷胱甘肽治疗急性酒精中毒

目的 :探讨谷胱甘肽注射液治疗急性酒精中毒的疗效及安全性。方法 :5 0例急性酒精中毒昏睡期病人随机分为 2组 :谷胱甘肽组 2 8例 [男性 2 3例 ,女性 5例 ,年龄 (33±s 11)a],给予谷胱甘肽注射液 1.8g加入 5 %葡萄糖注射液 2 5 0mL中静脉滴注。促进乙醇氧化组 2 2例 [男性 18例 ,女性 4例 ,年龄 (35± 9)a],给予 5 %葡萄糖注射液 2 5 0mL +2 0U正规胰岛素注射液静脉滴注 ,同时给予维生素C、维生素B6 静脉注射。 2组病人均给予温水洗胃 ,并给予静脉注射呋塞米、西咪替丁及补液治疗。结果 :在清醒时间及给药后 3h清醒例数方面 ,治疗组明显优于对照组 ,治疗组病人苏醒时间为 (76± 4 4 )min ;对照组为 (133± 5 9)min(P <0 .0 1)。给药后 3h治疗组清醒 2 5例 (89% ) ,对照组清醒 7例(32 % ) (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :谷胱甘肽注射液治疗急性酒精中毒昏睡期病人的苏醒时间明显短于传统的促进乙醇氧化疗法 ,对急性酒精中毒具有可靠的治疗效果     

Influence of Hypertension, Lipometabolism Disorders, Obesity and Other Lifestyles on Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Objective To investigate whether hypertension, abnormal lipometabolism, obesity, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking affect the intracerebral hemorrhagic volumes (IHV) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIHP), and to explore the roles of these factors in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIH). Methods Five hundred patients with acute SIH and 200 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a study of independently randomized controlled design, in which the levels of systolic pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP), and total cholesterol (TCH), triacylglycerols (triglycerides, TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) in serum as well as the level of erythrocytic membrane cholesterol (EM-CH) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI), daily cigarette smoking consumption (DCSC) and daily pure alcohol consumption (DPAC) were calculated. Results Compared with the average parameters in the HAV group, those of SP, DP, TG,     

中药制草乌中重金属、六六六及滴滴涕含量分析

目的:通过对制草乌进行重金属、六六六及滴滴涕的含量分析,了解制草乌中重金属、六六六及滴滴涕含量的情况,为质量标准的制定提供依据.方法:按食品检验标准方法,分别用原子吸收分光光度计和原子荧光分光光度计对制草乌进行铅与镉、砷与汞等重金属测定;采用毛细管气相色谱测定六六六、滴滴涕含量.结果:制草乌中汞、六六六及滴滴涕的含量符合汞≤0.2 mg·kg-1、BHC≤0.1 mg·kg-1、DDT≤0.1 mg·kg-1的规定;重金属铅、镉、砷含量不符合铅≤5.0mg·kg-1、镉≤0.3 mg·kg-1、砷≤2.0 mg·kg-1的规定,10个样品中有7个样品铅含量偏高、有5个样品镉含量偏高、有8个样品砷含量偏高.结论:重金属铅、镉、砷含量偏高;汞、六六六、滴滴涕含量正常.     

冶炼厂烟尘PM_(2.5)复合污染探讨

目的　通过本研究确定 ,现有除尘设备是否还存在PM2 5复合污染。方法　通过化学、电子显微镜及电子能谱、GC MS等仪器对上述样品多种污染成分及粒径进行定性、定量测定。结果　上述复合污染成分 :水 2 2 % ,有机物 34 75 % ,无机物 4 3 75 %。无机物以Cu、C、Pb、Al为主 ,它们的粒径≤ 1 1μm ,有机污染物14 0多种 ,以酚类及PAHs为主 ,无机物中除铅、砷等重金属 ,还有砷酸、磷酸。结论　在现有除尘设备条件下的冶炼厂烟尘污染为多种重金属、酸性氧化物及几十种有机污染物 (酚类及PAHs)的复合污染 ,它们的粒径分布大多≤ 1 1μm。     

蚌埠市2004年高中生危险行为调查

目的了解蚌埠市高中生危险行为的变化情况,为采取干预措施保护青少年健康提供依据。方法按照分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取蚌埠市10所中学60个班级的3 251名高中生为研究对象,获有效问卷3 044份。对其意外伤害行为、吸烟、饮酒和药物使用、性行为、饮食行为、锻炼行为和上网情况进行调查,并与2002年的调查结果进行比较。结果5.3%的学生从不或很少遵守交通规则,13.2%的学生有打架行为,4.1%的学生曾离家出走,1.5%的学生曾有过自杀行为,被老师体罚过的学生占43.0%;23.4%学生曾经吸烟;72.0%的学生曾经饮酒;11.2%的学生曾去过迪厅或舞厅跳舞;有1.2%的学生曾使用过摇头丸;2.4%的学生曾发生过性行为;34.6%的学生认为自己稍胖或很胖;41.9%和69.3%的学生每天吃水果和蔬菜次数≥1次,47.6%的学生每天喝牛奶≥1杯;40.7%的学生经常进行体育锻炼;12.1%的学生调查前1周上网≥3 d。多数意外伤害行为、吸烟、饮酒和药物使用、性行为、锻炼行为和上网行为发生率男生高于女生。结论多数吸烟、药物使用、性行为、上网行为发生率2004年高于2002年,而意外伤害行为和锻炼行为发生率2004年低于2002年。     

广东工业大学814名学生健康危险行为分析

目的了解大学生健康危险行为特征,以便有针对性地开展高校健康教育。方法随机抽取广东工业大学814名工科大学生进行健康相关行为问卷调查。结果814名大学生总吸烟率为47.2%,饮酒率为92.9%。男生吸烟、饮酒、服食成瘾性药物及有性行为的比例明显高于女生。吸烟与饮酒、自杀意念、性行为呈正相关。结论应加强高校健康教育,学生健康责任感及自我保健意识是学校素质教育的重要内容。     

高氟饮水与儿童血铅水平关系的流行病学研究

目的:了解高氟饮水对0~8岁儿童血铅水平的影响及特点。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对饮用不同含氟量水质的1 983例0~8岁儿童进行了血铅水平测定,并对可能影响儿童血铅水平的相关因素进行了流行病学调查分析。结果:调查儿童血铅范围在14.4~223.8μg/L之间,高氟饮水儿童血铅水平均数为93.0μg/L,饮用正常水质儿童血铅水平均数为80.4μg/L,两组差异显著;按照饮用水含氟量高低比较儿童血铅均数水平呈由高氟水到轻高氟水逐渐降低趋势。多元逐步回归分析亦显示饮用高氟水与血铅值相关。结论:高氟饮水是影响儿童血铅水平重要危险因素。     

山西省出生缺陷高发区居民饮水中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量研究

目的了解山西省出生缺陷高发地区饮水中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量。方法选择山西省太原市、太谷县和平定县作为研究现场,采集当地居民不同类型的饮用水测定硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量。结果研究地区饮水中硝酸盐平均含量为3·5mg/L,有4·0%的样品超过我国的饮用水卫生标准。井水中的硝酸盐含量(5·1mg/L)高于自来水(2·7mg/L)。饮水中亚硝酸盐平均含量为0·004mg/L,以泉水含量最高(0·015mg/L)。结论研究地区居民饮水中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量并没有显著高于文献报道的其它地区。饮水中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐暴露在山西省出生缺陷高发中的作用可能不大。