Comparative study of quality of life between the Chinese and Japanese adolescent populations

Researchers from Japan, China and Singapore have initiated a collaborative project, with the aim of comparing adolescent quality of life (QOL) internationally. This study presents the primary results of the investigation conducted in Beijing, China, and Kobe, Japan. The 70-item Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adolescents (QOLQA) was developed and evaluated in Japan and China. In total, 1114 Japanese and 613 Chinese junior high school students, aged 12-15 years, completed the questionnaire. Chinese students scored significantly higher than the Japanese students in overall QOL scores and in most domains. For both groups, subjects had highest score in the independence domain and lowest in psychological domain. In terms of overall QOL score, Chinese male students ranked first, followed by Chinese girls, Japanese boys, and Japanese girls. In the Japanese group, a continuing decrease of QOL scores with age was observed without exception, but no such tendency was present in their Chinese counterparts. No parallel relationship was observed between the higher level of economic development and better quality of life. The results also suggest that mental health promotion should be a priority in improving overall quality of life of adolescents both in Japan and China.     

Does smoking cessation improve mental health?

There is a possibility that cessation of smoking improves mental health, but there are no studies that have demonstrated this. A cohort study was performed for 1 year in 18 males who spontaneously stopped smoking (cessation group) and 173 who continued to smoke (smoking group). The mental health state was evaluated using the Japanese version of the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) before the cessation of smoking and 6 months and 1 year after smoking cessation. Changes in the GHQ score were compared between the cessation and smoking groups. In order to control the effects of confounding factors, multiple regression analyses were performed using the GHQ score after 6 months and 1 year as dependent variables. The GHQ score in the cessation group significantly decreased 6 months and 1 year after smoking cessation (P < 0.04 and 0.01, respectively, by paired t-test). In the smoking group, the GHQ score slightly decreased. Repeated measure analysis of variance revealed that the decrease in the GHQ score in the cessation group was significantly larger than in the smoking group. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant effects of smoking cessation on mental health after controlling for other confounding factors. It can be concluded that smoking cessation may improve mental health.     

卫生体制改革的目标与政策选择--国际卫生体制改革的经验与教训

引入市场机制,采取分权、分级与分类管理等政策与措施是当今国际卫生体制改革中的主流特点,由于各个国家的社会经济体制与卫生保健制度不同,这些改革政策与措施所产生的影响与效果也各具特色.因此,在深化我国卫生体制改革的进程中,借鉴国际卫生体制改革的经验与教训具有一定的现实意义.     

癫癎儿童家长健康教育需求调查与分析

为了解癫痫儿童家长对健康教育内容及形式的需求，从而能更为有效的开展相关的健康教育工作，于2001年8月－2002年4月采用自行设计的问卷对218名癫痫儿童家长进行调查。结果表明，癫痫儿童家长现有的相关知识较为贫乏，但他们对癫痫能否治愈、孩子发作时该怎么办、发病原因及疾病对孩子各方面的影响等诸多问题十分关注，并因此对治疗的依从性产生直接的影响；医师与家长一对一的交流、咨询是最好的健康教育方式，其次为举办专题讲座和发放实用的宣教资料。对癫痫儿童家长的健康教育工作十分重要，其内容和形式应建立在患儿家长需求的基础上。     

浅议儒家道家思想对王冰的影响

通过对王冰《素问》注文的梳理，分析王冰学术观点与道家、儒家思想的理论传承关系。认为王冰的许多养生学观点均源于道家，如主张少私寡欲、自然无为、恬淡守道，注重饮食起居等等；在医理方面，其阴阳、天人相应、气机运动等观点均深受儒家求理思想的影响。强调道家、儒家思想对王冰的影响不是单一的，而是呈现重迭交融之态，同时指出，儒家道家的一些消极思想对王冰也有不良影响。     

正畸儿童牙龈炎的口腔综合防治

目的：观察口腔综合防治措施对正畸儿童牙龈炎的作用。方法：本实验以56名12--16岁的正畸患者为观察对象，分别将28名矫治前和28名矫治半年的儿童分为实验组和对照组各14名，观察实验1年后牙周健康指数软垢指数(DI—S)、牙石指数(CI—S)和菌斑指数(PLI)、牙龈指数(GI)的状况。实验组采用口腔综合防治措施。结果：实验组儿童口腔内DI—S、CI—S、PLI、GI指数明显降低，与对照组相比有显著性差异。结论：对正畸儿童在矫治期间进行牙龈炎防治是非常必要的，而口腔综合保健是一种正畸患者牙龈炎的良好预防治疗方法。     

An Investigation of the Impact of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Physical Health

In a large sample of Gulf War veterans (N = 2301) we examined the relations between PTSD symptoms assessed immediately upon returning from the Gulf War and self-reported health problems assessed 18–24 months later. PTSD symptomatology was predictive of self-reported health problems over time for both men and women veterans, even after the effects of combat exposure were removed from the analysis. Female veterans reported significantly more health problems than male veterans, however, there was no interactive effect of gender and PTSD on health problems. These findings provide further support for the theory that psychological response to stressors impacts health outcome.     

苏州市单位健康促进工作进展研究

苏州市按照健康促进的原则,加强单位卫生管理,在健康政策、健康环境、社区行动、个人技能、健康服务等方面取得明显进展。笔者认为,政府的组织、多部门参与,建立社区强大的联盟,形成全社会支持的群众性网络,是搞好健康促进的保证,群众性工作是实施健康促进的有效载体,健康促进工作有待于进一步化、科学化和系统化。     

国际海员疾病发生与治疗的社会因素浅析

从３０００例国际海员疾病发生率原因着手,结合国际海员群体工作游动性和成员多国性的特点,从社会医学和心理医学角度,分析国际海员健康工作中存在的问题,并对如何实现国第员“人人享有卫生保健”提出初步见解。国际海员群体的特殊性及他们的健康问题值得中国及国际航海医学界和社会医学界的关注。