牙龈诱导在平台转换连接种植体中的应用观察

目的：探讨临时冠诱导牙龈成形在平台转换连接种植体中的应用效果。方法：应用Ankylos种植系统和Osst em种植系统GS系列对15名前牙缺失患者进行种植,共植入20颗种植体,部分直接安装基台并进行即刻临时冠修复,部分两月后临时修复,期间对临时冠形态不断调整,3-6个月后永久修复,12个月后复查,通过临床检查来评估牙龈健康状况及牙龈乳头保存情况。结果：12个月后,所有种植体均无松动,牙龈健康,按Jemt牙间乳头分类,35个观察位点中,1级6个,2级23个,3级6个。结论：在前牙区平台转换连接种植体的修复中,利用临时冠诱导牙龈成形是简单可靠的,有助于提高种植修复的美学效果,但长期效果还有待于进一步的观察。     

Effect of xylitol gum on the level of oral mutans streptococci of preschoolers: block-randomised trial

Objectives: To assess the influence of xylitol chewing gum consumption on mutans streptococci level of 3–4 years old Japanese preschoolers. Methods: 248 participants were examined regarding caries‐related factors at baseline and were followed up at 6, 9, and 12 months after the baseline: assessors were blinded, subjects were open labelled and blocked parallel randomised; 142 were selected to use xylitol gum for 3 months (from months 6 to 9) and 106 were controls. Results: 161 participants were analysed (xylitol n = 76, control n = 85). Nineteen caries‐related variables, including xylitol gum consumption, were analysed for any association with the main outcome, plaque mutans streptococci scores development within the intervention period, by logistic regression. Six showed statistically significant associations by univariate analysis (P < 0.05). However, only xylitol gum consumption remained a significant negative association (P < 0.05) by multiple analyses. Interestingly, over 10% xylitol group children experienced diarrhoea, which was larger than previous investigations. Conclusion: Xylitol gum is effective in avoiding increased plaque mutans streptococci in young children.     

Soft and hard tissue management using lasers in esthetic restoration

Laser technology has become preeminent in the evolution of appearance enhancements. Dentistry has seen a huge breakthrough with the introduction of a combination hard-soft tissue erbium wavelength. The conservative nature of this technique has created a firm footing in the antiaging trend that is spanning the globe. Among the many benefits of this technique are less invasive care and quicker healing responses. In this article, conservative laser and cosmetic modalities are discussed that allows a clinician to be more comfortable in buying a soft/hard tissue laser and also to more quickly become adept with implementing these techniques.     

Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Attenuates the Severity of Pouchitis in a Rat Model of Ileal J Pouch-Anal Anastomosis

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) using a rat model of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and pouchitis. In the J pouch groups, tissue myeloperoxidase activities were significantly higher than native myeloperoxidase activities (P = 0.020; P = 0.015; P = 0.004, respectively). A statistically significant difference in total histological score was detected in the J pouch + 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) group, compared to the J pouch control and the J pouch + 5% DSS + PHGG groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). There was a significant overgrowth of aerobes and anaerobes in the J pouch + 5% DSS group. This study demonstrated that rectal administration of PHGG attenuates the severity of pouchitis in a rat model. In conclusion, PHGG may be an additional therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pouchitis.     

辛芷离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶的研制及体外释药评价

目的:开发一种新型的中药鼻腔给药系统剂型—原位凝胶。方法:采用去乙酰结冷胶为材料制备辛芷离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶。研究不同浓度去酰基结冷胶原位凝胶的黏度特性,采用扩散池法考察其体外释药规律,并用无膜溶出法研究其释药机制。结果:辛芷离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶的黏度随去酰基结冷胶的浓度增加而增大,其释药量随结冷胶的浓度增加而减少,其释药符合一级释药模型,其溶蚀度较小且与释放率无明显相关性(r=0.986)。结论:应用去酰基结冷胶可成功制备离子敏感型中药鼻用原位凝胶,为中药鼻腔给药提供了一种新剂型。     

Preferences and saliva stimulation of eight different chewing gums

OBJECTIVES: Chewing gums have been studied for clinical use to stimulate the salivary flow rate in healthy and diseased individuals. However, differences in preferences of chewing gums may influence patient compliance during long-term use. Therefore, we compared the effect of several chewing gums on the flow rate of whole saliva and pH, and investigated the preferences of these gums. METHODS: 83 healthy subjects participated in the first part of the study. Both parafilm-stimulated and chewing gum-stimulated whole saliva from 8 different chewing gums was collected and salivary flow rate and pH were determined. In another group of 112 healthy subjects, we investigated the preferences for the chewing gums with a 10-item questionnaire. RESULTS: All gums had comparable effects on salivary flow rate and pH. The average increase in flow rate was 187% during the first minute of chewing compared with parafilm stimulation. After 10 minutes of gum chewing, the amount of saliva was equal to parafilm stimulation. The questionnaire showed differences in preferences for the chewing gums, which were related to taste and gum shape. Gender interactions were observed for sparkling taste (p = 0.019), total judgement (p = 0.047) and the willingness to use the gum for several weeks (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Although all chewing gums stimulated the salivary flow rate equally, the observed differences in preferences may influence long-term compliance. Therefore, we recommend that chewing gums are tested before the start of clinical studies, to identify the most accepted chewing gum for specific groups of patients.     

p27蛋白在牙龈癌和癌前病变组织中的表达及临床病理学意义

目的探讨细胞周期相关蛋白027在牙龈癌及口腔黏膜癌前病变组织中的表达及其临床病理学意义。方法应用sP免疫组化法检测21例正常黏膜组织、26例癌前病变（白斑、红宽）组织及46例牙龈癌组织中p27蛋白的表达水平,分析p27蛋白与牙龈癌的病理分级和临床分期的关系。结果p27蛋白在正常口腔黏膜组织与癌前病变及牙龈癌组织中的阳性率和阳性表达率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,在正常口腔黏膜组织中的表达高于另2组p27蛋白的表达与患者性别、年龄等因素无相关性（P〉0．05）,但与病变的临床分级及病理分期密切相关（P〈0．05）。结论p27蛋白与癌前病变和牙龈癌的发生发展有密切关系,并与牙龈癌的临床分期成反比关系,与牙龈癌的病理分级成正比关系。     

Microencapsulation of oils using whey protein/gum arabic coacervates

Microencapsulating sunflower oil, lemon and orange oil flavour was investigated using complex coacervation of whey protein/gum arabic (WP/GA). At pH 3.0–4.5, WP and GA formed electrostatic complexes that could be successfully used for microencapsulation purposes. The formation of a smooth biopolymer shell around the oil droplets was achieved at a specific pH (close to 4.0) and the payload of oil (i.e. amount of oil in the capsule) was higher than 80%. Small droplets were easier to encapsulate within a coacervate matrix than large ones, which were present in a typical shell/core structure. The stability of the emulsion made of oil droplets covered with coacervates was strongly pH-dependent. At pH 4.0, the creaming rate of the emulsion was much higher than at other pH values. This phenomenon was investigated by carrying out zeta potential measurements on the mixtures. It seemed that, at this specific pH, the zeta potential was close to zero, highlighting the presence of neutral coacervate at the oil/water interface. The influence of pH on the capsule formation was in accordance with previous results on coacervation of whey proteins and gum arabic, i.e. WP/GA coacervates were formed in the same pH window with and without oil and the pH where the encapsulation seemed to be optimum corresponded to the pH at which the coacervate was the most viscous. Finally, to illustrate the applicability of these new coacervates, the release of flavoured capsules incorporated within Gouda cheese showed that large capsules gave stronger release and the covalently cross-linked capsules showed the lowest release, probably because of a tough dense biopolymer wall which was difficult to break by chewing.     

Nasal administration of ondansetron using a novel microspheres delivery system

Gellan gum microspheres of ondansetron hydrochloride, for intranasal delivery, were prepared to avoid the first pass metabolism as an alternative therapy to parentral, and to improve therapeutic efficiency in treatment of nausea and vomiting. The microspheres were prepared using conventional spray-drying method. The microspheres were evaluated for characteristics like particle size, incorporation efficiency, swelling ability, zeta potential, in-vitro mucoadhesion, thermal analysis, XRD study and in-vitro drug release. Treatment of in-vitro data to different kinetic equations indicated diffusion controlled drug delivery from gellan gum microspheres. The results of DSC and XRD studies revealed molecular amorphous dispersion of ondansetron into the gellan gum microspheres.     

Comparative Evaluation of the Binding Properties of Two Species of Khaya Gum Polymer in a Paracetamol Tablet Formulation

A study was made of the comparative effects of polymers obtained from two species of khaya tree – Khaya senegalensis and Khaya grandifoliola – as binding agents in a paracetamol tablet formulation. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using the tensile strength (T), brittle fracture index (BFI) and friability (F) of the tablets while the drug release properties of the tablets were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. The tensile strength, disintegration and the dissolution times of tablets increased with the increase in binder concentration while F and BFI decreased. K. senegalensis gum produced tablets with stronger mechanical properties with less tendency to laminate, and longer disintegration and dissolution times than K. grandifoliola gum. The results suggest that the polymer gum from K. senegalensis will be more appropriate as a binding agent than the gum from K. grandifoliola when higher mechanical strength and slower release profiles of tablets are desired.