复方黄连液低位保留灌肠治疗肛窦炎的临床观察

目的 观察复方黄连液低位保留灌肠治疗肛窦炙的临床疗效.方法 选择肛窦炙患者120例,随机分为3组,即治疗组、对照组a和对照组b各40例,治疗组采用复方黄连液每晚低位保留灌肠,对照组a采用甲硝唑加呋喃西林溶液每晚低位保留灌肠,对照组b采用马应龙麝香痔疮膏涂肛内进行治疗,观察1个疗程(12 d).结果 治疗组的治愈率(70.0％)及总有效率(97.5％)均明星优于对照组a和对照组b,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 复方黄连液低位保留灌肠治疗肛窦炙有确切疗效.     

间歇注气辅助腹部手法按摩治疗小儿肠套叠55例

目的:评价采用下肢固定后间歇注气及辅助腹部手法按摩进行小儿肠套叠整复的疗效。方法:应用JS-628型电脑遥控肠套整复仪对95例患儿分组进行肠套叠整复术,其中2011年12月至2012年10月40例作为A组,采取单纯空气灌肠法,2012年11月至2013年11月55例作为B组,采用下肢固定后间歇注气及辅助腹部手法按摩法。结果:A组成功率85.0%,整复平均用时15 min;B组成功率98.2%,整复平均用时12 min。2组均未出现肠穿孔。结论:采用下肢固定后间歇注气及辅助腹部手法按摩整复术提高了肠套叠的整复成功率,同时减少了整复治疗时间。     

小肠灌肠双重对比造影(附84例报告)

本文着重对应用日本全硅双腔气囊小肠导管行SBE检查的技术方法、小肠造影的正常表现,以气体或0.5％甲基纤维素溶液作为对比剂优缺点等问题进行阐述和讨论。84例检查结果表明,SBE检查不失为一种安全、准确的检查方法。     

神经内科便秘患者应用甘油灌肠剂的护理探讨

目的：探讨神经内科便秘患者应用甘油灌肠剂的护理措施。方法选取该院神经内科2012年1月—2013年5月收治的120例有便秘症状的患者,对照组60例不应用甘油灌肠剂,观察组60例应用甘油灌肠剂进行护理,观察患者12 h排便情况。结果观察组12 h排便总有效率为100%,对照组12 h排便总有效率为7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对神经内科便秘患者应用甘油灌肠剂进行护理,可有效提高便秘的治愈率,促进疾病康复,减轻了护理工作负担,提升了护理质量。     

阳性对比剂灌肠螺旋CT盆腔平扫对中晚期直肠癌的术前T分期的诊断价值

目的：评估阳性对比剂灌肠螺旋（S）CT盆腔平扫对直肠癌术前T分期的诊断价值和限度。方法：回顾性分析82例中晚期直肠癌患者的SCT资料,本组术前行阳性对比剂灌肠SCT盆腔平扫,将盆腔SCT扫描T分期与术后病理T分期对照。结果：阳性对比剂灌肠SCT盆腔扫描对中晚期直肠癌T分期的准确率为76．8％（63／82）。本组仅行SCT盆腔平扫,未行双期增强扫描,其中6例有明显外侵及淋巴结转移,浸润邻近组织器官或淋巴结转移的病例,放、化疗后再手术切除。结论：良好的扫描方法和扫描前肠道的认真准备是CT对直肠癌术前准确分期的关健;阳性对比剂灌肠SCT盆腔扫描对直肠癌术前T分期非常有价值,是目前直肠癌术前T分期较好的影像方法;SCT扫描对早期直肠癌的诊断还存在一定限度。     

复方丹参滴注并早期清胰汤灌肠与施他宁治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效及成本效益比较

目的比较复方丹参静脉滴注和清胰汤早期保留灌肠联合应用与施他宁治疗重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的疗效及成本效益,探讨非手术治疗SAP有效且价廉的方法。方法将64例SAP患者随机分为治疗组（复方丹参静脉滴注和清胰汤早期保留灌肠）与对照组（施他宁）,对SAP患者的临床症状改善时间、血清淀粉酶和血常规复常时间、住院天数和住院直接费用、最终病死率以及治疗后患者腹腔内高压（IAH）缓解时间进行比较。结果治疗组腹痛初步缓解时间、首次排大便时间、恢复进食时间较对照组明显缩短,住院费用、住院天数大幅度减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。腹部压痛体征消除时间、血清淀粉酶和血常规复常时间两组比较差异无统计学意义。SAP患者经治疗后IAH缓解时间,治疗组较对照组明显提前（P〈0．05）。两组最终病死率比较差异无统计学意义。结论复方丹参滴注和清胰汤早期保留灌肠联合应用,可明显改善SAP病情,减少住院天数,住院费用比施他宁更低。能比施他宁更快地缓解IAH,病死率则差异无统计学意义。     

诊断急性结肠假性梗阻方法的探讨

目的 :选择检查急性结肠假性梗阻的有效方法。方法 :本组共收集 11例 ,全部病例摄X线平片 ,其中 1例碘水口服全消化道检查、2例钡剂灌肠检查、5例碘水灌肠检查、2例口服碘水 钡剂灌肠检查、1例碘水灌肠检查 纤维结肠镜检查。结果 :全组病例均未发现结肠病变 ,分别诊断为麻痹性或功能性结肠梗阻 (急性结肠假性梗阻 )。结论 :以碘水灌肠检查最为安全、方便 ,适应证广泛 ,是检查急性结肠假性梗阻的首选方法。     

Diagnosis and treatment of diverticular disease

Background: With the aim of resolving the current controversy over the diagnosis and treatment of diverticular disease, this consensus development conference set out to summarize the actual state of the art. Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of international experts (n= 16) was selected to take part in the consensus process. Prior to the conference, all experts were asked to answer a series of questions on diverticular disease. The consensus statement compiled out of these evaluations was modified during a joint meeting of the panel members, then presented for discussion in a public session, and finally revised by the expert panel. The finalized statement was mailed to all panel members for approval (Delphi method). Results: Asymptomatic diverticulosis, diverticular disease (with actual or recurrent symptoms), and complicated diverticular disease were defined separately. No agreement was reached on whether barium enema or colonoscopy is the better choice as an initial diagnostic tool in uncomplicated cases. In complicated cases, computed tomography is recommended for diagnosis. After two attacks of diverticular disease, elective resection should be considered. For patients in whom a concomitant carcinoma cannot be excluded and those with chronic complications (fistula, stenosis, or bleeding) surgery is also indicated. Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy is recommended only for uncomplicated and, after percutaneous drainage of abscesses, Hinchey stage I and II cases. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery has already begun to influence the management of diverticular disease, but the randomized controlled trials needed to support therapy decisions are largely missing.     

围手术期不同处理因素对SD大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨围手术期不同处理因素对SD大鼠肠道菌群数量及比例的影响。方法根据围手术期不同处理因素,将SD大鼠48只分成对照组、抗生素组、肠道准备组、禁食组、抗生素-肠道准备组、抗生素-肠道准备一禁食组、肠道准备-手术处理-抗生素．术后早期进食组（术后早期进食组）及肠道准备-手术处理．抗生素一术后禁食组（术后禁食组）8组。每组6只．处死后取回盲部粪便．采用倍比稀释法分别涂在选择性培养基上,37℃恒温培育48h,对大肠杆菌、类杆菌、双歧杆菌和肠球菌计数。结果与对照组相比,抗生素组大鼠细菌总数、类杆菌、肠球菌和双歧杆菌计数均明显下降（P〈0．05）,而大肠杆菌水平上升（P〈0．05）,杆菌与球菌的比例（杆球比）升高（P〈O．05）：肠道准备组大鼠细菌总数、类杆菌、双歧杆菌和肠球菌计数均明显下降（P〈0．05）,而大肠杆菌无明显变化（P〉O．05）。杆球比下降（P〈0．05）;禁食组细菌总数、类杆菌、肠球菌和双歧杆菌计数均明显降低（P〈0．05）,大肠杆菌计数无明显改变（P〉0．05）,杆球比下降（P〈0．05）。术后早期进食组与术后禁食组相比,大肠杆菌、肠球菌及细菌总数明显升高（P〈0．05）,杆球比下降（P〈0．05）。结论抗生素、肠道准备及禁食均可影响SD大鼠肠道菌群数量和比例的改变,导致肠道菌群失调：术后早期进食对菌群失调有改善作用。     

Mucosal colonic tube fistula with antireflux wrap for antegrade colonic enema

Antegrade enemas can provide children with excellent faecal continence in situations where adequate control has been compromised because of underlying congential anomaly or poor surgical outcome in their treatment. The enema is often delivered through an appendicostomy. If the appendix is absent or utilized for another purpose, then placement of a chait tube or caecostomy button can provide access to the colon for the enema. However, these devices may be associated with breakages, accidental removal and leakage and replacement may require another operative procedure under a general anaesthetic. Full thickness colonic tubes can also be constructed at any point along the colon but in the author’s experience, they can be associated with significant leakage of both gas and faecal material. The construction of a mucosal colonic tube with anti-reflux wrap is a technique that avoids the above problems and offers a distinctive advantage in selected situations. The technique relies on tabularising mucosa alone to create a continent fistula. Six children with severe soiling underwent the technique. The outcomes were evaluated using a modified quality of life score (QOLI) [1, 2]. The score included assessment of soiling, staining, odour, self-esteem and socialization measure. Technical evaluation included analysis of the ease of catheterization and continence of the mucosal fistula site. All six patients had dramatic improvement in their faecal continence with complete resolution of soiling in all six. Follow up median is 42 months and the range is 6–48 months. QOLI scores improved from a total of 4.75 to 18.5. Possible range is 0–21. All the six fistula sites catheterize easily and no stenosis or faecal leakage has occurred. Two patients required treatment of minor granulations at the entry site of the fistula during the early healing phase.