中药保留灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎临床研究

目的：观察中药保留灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效以及对血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法：102例溃疡性结肠炎患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各51例。对照组给予口服柳氮磺吡啶治疗,每次1．5～2．0 g,每日3次;观察组给予中药保留灌肠治疗,15 d为1个疗程。治疗4个疗程后采用ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）和白介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）的浓度,同时观察两组患者腹痛、腹泻、黏液脓血便、里急后重等症状体征改善情况并结合肠镜检查比较两组患者临床疗效。结果：两组患者治疗后血清TNF-α和IL-6水平较治疗前相比均明显下降（P＜0．05）,但观察组患者下降程度甚于对照组（P＜0．05）。观察组患者各种症状改善率明显优于对照组（P＜0．05）。对照组有效率为84．31％,观察组有效率为96．08％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：中药保留灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎能够显著抑制患者体内炎症因子水平,临床疗效显著。     

益气利湿降浊汤联合中药灌肠治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床研究

目的:观察益气利湿降浊汤联合中药灌肠治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效及对肾功能的影响。方法:100例早期糖尿病肾病患者随机平均分为观察组和对照组。对照组在使用胰岛素控制血糖的基础上,给予低蛋白饮食,水肿严重患者给予利尿剂,血压高患者加降血压药;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上给予益气利湿降浊汤联合中药灌肠治疗,比较两组患者治疗后的临床有效率,肾功能改善情况以及各项指标变化,包括红细胞比容、血胆固醇、血白蛋白、三酰甘油和蛋白尿。结果:1观察组患者的有效率为90.00%,明显高于对照组的有效率66.00%(χ2=8.31,P<0.05);2观察组患者的功能改善情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05);3观察组各项指标改善情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:益气利湿降浊联合中药灌肠治疗早期糖尿病肾病显著疗效,能够降低血黏度和血脂,减少蛋白尿,且安全可靠。     

药物灌肠前行清洁灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效观察

目的：分析药物灌肠前行清洁灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的效果。方法64例溃疡性结肠炎患者随机分为对照组与实验组,各32例。对照组的患者采用传统的药物保留灌肠法,实验组的患者采用先行清洁灌肠之后再对其进行药物保留灌肠的方法。比较两组疗效。结果实验组的治疗效果明显优于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),实验组不良反应率比较低(P<0.05)。结论药物灌肠前行清洁灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎可以提高疗效,减少不良反应,值得推广。     

Modifiable Failures in the Colorectal Cancer Screening Process and Their Association With Risk of Death

1. Download high-res image (240KB)
2. Download full-size image

     

改进保留灌肠法治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的护理

目的观察传统保留灌肠法与改进保留灌肠法在慢性肾功能衰竭治疗中的不同效果。方法慢性肾功能衰竭患者40例,分为传统灌肠法组及改进灌肠法组各20例,采用中药保留灌肠治疗,观察两种方法灌肠液在肠腔内保留时间及病人满意度。结果改进灌肠法组灌肠液在肠内保存时间及病人满意度均优于传统灌肠法组。结论慢性肾功能衰竭病人采用中药保留灌肠时,改进法保留灌肠可延长药液在肠内的保留时间,提高疗效,且病人乐于接受。     

Limitations of Barium Enema Performed as an Adjunct to Incomplete Colonoscopy

PURPOSE Colonoscopy is believed to be inadequate in 4 to 24 percent of procedures. Barium enema often is utilized to complete the examination. In radiology literature, a successful barium enema in this setting requires only that the cecum has been reached. In this study, completion barium enema was assessed for both completeness and quality of proximal visualization. METHODS The charts of 16,216 patients undergoing colonoscopy at Saint Vincent Health Center from July 1995 to July 2003 were reviewed to identify patients who underwent barium enema within six months of an incomplete colonoscopy. Incomplete colonoscopies were audited for history of previous abdominal/pelvic surgery, level of colon attained, and apparent reasons for failure. Corresponding barium enema reports were evaluated in a similar fashion. RESULTS In 485 patients (2.9 percent), colonoscopy was incomplete. One hundred eighteen patients underwent barium enema after incomplete colonoscopy. In these patients, sharp angulation (42 percent) or redundancy/looping (31 percent) most often limited endoscopy. Among the barium enema studies, 91 (77 percent) were technically adequate. Twenty-seven studies were suboptimal (poor preparation/intolerance = 7, redundancy = 6, poor filling = 6, stricture/narrowing = 6, severe diverticulosis = 2). Two patients demonstrated additional polyps. There was no correlation between reasons for endoscopic failure and inadequacy of barium enema. Completeness of barium enema was not affected by previous pelvic surgery. Immediate barium enema was no less complete than a delayed study. CONCLUSIONS The reliability of barium enema after incomplete colonoscopy is less than previously reported. Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Dallas, Texas, May 8 to 13, 2004. Reprints are not available.     

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in children and adolescents: a descriptive clinicopathologic study

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is an uncommon disorder of the rectum. While benign, it can cause concern for patients and affect quality of life. Reported studies on SRUS worldwide are scarce. The aim of this study is to describe the clinicopathologic characteristics of SRUS in a cohort of children based in Saudi Arabia. In this study, children with a confirmed diagnosis of SRUS at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) were included, during the period November 2003 to November 2017. Data were collected from hospital medical records. The study comprised twenty-one patients: 17 males (81%) and 4 females (19%); the median age was 11.4 years (range, 5.43-17.9 years). The most common presenting symptoms were rectal bleeding in 21 patients (100%), passage of mucus in 16 (76.1%), abdominal pain in 14 (66.6%), constipation in 13 (61.9%), straining in 9 (42.9%), and rectal prolapse in 5 (23.8%). The most common finding at initial colonoscopy was a single ulcer in 7 patients (33.3%), multiple ulcers in 6 (28.5%), polypoid lesions in 5 (23.8%), and hyperemic mucosa in 3 (14.2%). All patients received medical treatment and 14 (81%) continued to manifest one or more of the symptoms following treatment, which required subsequent modification of the treatment course. None of the patients required surgery. In conclusion, the study found rectal bleeding to be the most common presentation, with a single ulcer being the most prevalent lesion in endoscopy. Treatment response was variable, but almost half of patients reported relief of symptoms following treatment.     

Perforation of the rectum and sigmoid colon during barium-enema examination

Perforation of the rectum or sigmoid colon complicated 5 of 2200 barium-enema examinations performed during a 4-year period. Three patients with rectal perforations manifested by air extravasation were successfully treated with intravenous antibiotics and complete bowel rest. Two patients with barium extravasation were treated with immediate operation and colostomy. All five patients recovered. Perforation was found to be associated with a rectal stricture due to ulcerative colitis, a rectal cancer, an incarcerated inguinal hernia, fulminant ulcerative colitis, and a normal colon in an elderly patient. To determine the pressure in the rectum that could potentially be generated during a barium-enema examination, the pressures created by a standard barium delivery set were measured, using 1-meter columns of water, 25 percent diatrizoate sodium (Hypaque^®), 20 percent barium, and 80 percent barium. The columns generated pressures of 70, 85, 95, and 120 mm Hg respectively. Squeezing the delivery bag increased the pressure 21 to 79 percent or a maximum of 55 mm Hg. Colorectal perforation during barium-enema examination that was not accompanied by barium extravasation could be successfully treated nonoperatively. The associated pathology and our studies of pressures generated during a barium-enema examination allow us to suggest that the incidence of colorectal perforation during barium-enema radiography can be reduced by 1) performing proctoscopy prior to barium enema, 2) avoiding the use of the rectal balloon in patients with known rectal lesions, 3) avoiding barium studies in patients with active colitis, 4) avoiding generation of pressure greater than that created by a column of barium suspension of one meter, and 5) using a lower concentration of barium when possible.     

The use of non-prescribed medication in the first 3 months of life in rural South Africa

OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the use of non-prescribed medications given to a cohort of infants in the first 3 months of life in a rural South African district, and discusses some of the implications for primary health care. METHODS: As part of an ongoing study on breastfeeding, a cohort of 110 infants were visited at home at 6 and 12 weeks of age. Any medications given to the infant since the last visit, the reasons for their administration, and any visits made to traditional healers were recorded via a semi-structured questionnaire. Determinants of administration of non-prescribed medication were analysed, including maternal age, education, infant gender and socio-economic factors. RESULTS: A total of 107 (97%) infants received non-prescribed medications in the first 3 months of life: 98 (89%) rectally and 64 (58%) orally. The most common enema contained traditional Zulu medicine made from herbs, given more than once weekly, usually for perceived constipation; the most common oral medication was gripe water, given once daily, mainly for 'colic' or 'wind'. Twenty-nine (26%) mothers had consulted a traditional healer, most commonly because of concerns about a capillary naevus, thought to cause pain. Mothers with a 'clean' water supply were more likely to give non-prescribed oral medications than those without (OR=2.7 and P=0.0223), whilst those who had no education were less likely to administer them than those who had completed school (OR=0.19 and P=0.0326). CONCLUSIONS: Non-prescribed medications are given almost universally to young infants in our area, irrespective of socio-economic class. Health professionals need to be aware of the extent of, and reasons for, administration of non-prescribed medications to young infants, so that effective health messages can be targeted at mothers and caregivers.     

Synthesis of Amphiphilic Polymers Based on Fatty Acids and Glycerol‐Derived Monomers – A Study of Their Self‐Assembly in Water

Amphiphilic polymers are synthesized from various biobased compounds involving telomerization of glycerin‐derived acrylate monomers with mercaptan‐modified fatty acids. The effects of the chemical structure of the saturated or unsaturated hydrophobic block are investigated. Dynamic and static light scattering measurements, transmission electronic microscopy, and atomic force microscopy observations show that these copolymers are capable of self‐assembling into nanosized spherical particles in aqueous solution, made from compound micelles. The critical micellar concentration of these polymers is in the range of 10–60 mg L^?1 determined by fluorescence. These biobased polymers could have applications in various industrial fields, such as cosmetics and agrochemicals.