糖肽类抗生素提取分离的研究概况

综述了糖肽类抗生素提取、分离方面的概况，包括萃取法、吸附法、离子交换色谱、高效液相色谱等方法的原理和运用。     

Role of cervical cerclage and prolonged antibiotic therapy with azithromycin in patients with previous perinatal loss amnionitis

In the group of 35 patients with cerclage, intermediate fetal mortality was reduced from 37.1% to 0 (p?p?=?0.606); prematurity from 65.7% to 5.7% (p?p?=?0.671); newborns with very low weight from 34.2% to 0 (p?p p?=?402); late fetal mortality from 63.1% to 0 (p?p?p?=?0.234); newborns with very low weight from 68.4% to 15.7% (p?p?相似文献   

血清降钙素原测定在指导下呼吸道感染抗生素治疗的价值

目的:评价动态监测血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)在指导下呼吸道感染抗菌治疗中的临床价值。方法:选取90例医院获得性下呼吸道感染患者,根据应用抗生素的最终临床指标分为对抗生素治疗有效组(A组)和对抗生素治疗无效组(B组),观察确诊感染后第1、3、5、7d两组患者的血清PCT水平变化,并采用ROC曲线下面积观察PCT评估抗菌疗效的价值。结果:两组患者确诊感染后的第1d血清PCT水平比较无明显差异(P>0.05);而第3、5、7d A组患者血清PCT水平逐渐下降,而B组患者PCT水平则明显升高,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。第1、3、5、7d PCT水平指示抗菌无效的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.447、0.716、0.981、1.000,其中第3、5、7d PCT的ROC曲线下面积与第1d PCT的ROC曲线下面积比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05);抗生素治疗第5d,以PCT水平3.095μg/L为截点,判断抗生素治疗无效的灵敏度和特异性分别为97.4%和91.0%。结论:在医院获得性下呼吸道感染抗菌治疗过程中,动态监测PCT水平可作为优化抗生素治疗的有效指标。     

Analysis on 113 Cases of Adverse Reactions Caused by β-Lactam Antibiotics

The objectives of this study were to learn about the characteristics and rules of the occurrence of adverse reactions caused by lactam antibiotics and provide a reference for clinical drug use. Methods: A retrospective study was made to analyse the 113 case reports of adverse reactions caused by β-lactam antibiotics collected in our hospital between 2007 and 2009. Results: 113 cases of ADR involved 17 kinds of β-lactam antibiotics, headed by ceftriaxone sodium. The most common manifestation was skin and accessory damage; nervous system and gastrointestinal system damage were also easier to find, and the administration route was mainly intravenous infusion. Conclusion: The clinical application of β-lactam antibiotics should pay attention to adverse reaction monitoring and rational drug use to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.     

术前KLIC评分对清创、假体保留联合抗生素治疗急性假体周围感染效果的预测价值

目的 探讨KLIC（kidney, liver, index surgery, cemented prosthesis and C reactive protein value）评分系统用于预测清创、假体保留联合抗生素方案（DAIR）治疗急性假体周围感染（PJI）结果的准确性。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2015年1月—2020年12月南京大学医学院附属金陵医院骨科急性PJI患者44例,其中男17例、女27例,年龄21~86岁,均行DAIR。结合病史和检验结果,计算患者术前KLIC评分,并按评分结果将患者分为KLIC评分≤2分组、2.5~3.5分组、4~5分组、5.5~6.5分组和≥7分组。比较各组患者基线资料、住院时间和DAIR治疗结果的差异。采用受试者操作特征曲线（ROC）来评价KLIC评分系统预测DAIR治疗结果的准确性;以DAIR失败作为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier绘制累积治疗成功率曲线。结果 5组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数（BMI）、病变部位、感染分类、感染症状持续时间、术后住院时间等基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。5组患者总体治疗成功率为61.36%（27/44）、失败率为38.64%（17/44）;KLIC评分≤2、2~3.5、4~5、5.5~6.5分和≥7分5组的失败率分别为0/8、2/8、5/13、6/10、4/5,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.018）;趋势χ²检验结果提示,随着KLIC评分的增加,DAIR失败率也随之增加,差异有统计学意义（χ²=10.86,P=0.001）。ROC曲线显示KLIC评分在预测DAIR治疗结果上具有较高的准确性（AUC=0.876,95%可信区间0.773~0.978,P<0.001）。Kaplan-Meier曲线提示：KLIC评分≥7分的患者累积治疗成功率低于KLIC评分<7分者,差异有统计学意义（χ²=8.95,P=0.003）。结论 KLIC评分对于DAIR治疗结果具有良好的预测性;对于KLIC评分≥7分的急性PJI患者,DAIR治疗的失败率较高,不建议采用。     

Association between prophylactic antibiotic use for transarterial chemoembolization and occurrence of liver abscess: a retrospective cohort study

ObjectivesClinical evidence on prophylactic antibiotics for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) to prevent liver abscess is limited because liver abscess is a rare event. This study aimed to analyse the association between prophylactic antibiotic use for TACE and the occurrence of liver abscess after TACE.MethodsUsing the nationwide Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan, we retrospectively identified patients who underwent TACE for hepatic cancer between July 2010 and March 2017. The primary outcome was liver abscess requiring procedural intervention within 30 days of TACE. Secondary outcomes included 30-day in-hospital mortality and length of stay. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors and compare outcomes between patients with and without prophylactic antibiotics.ResultsAmong 167 544 eligible patients, 134 712 received antibiotics and 32 832 did not. In the matched cohort of 29 211 pairs, the proportion of patients with liver abscess requiring procedural intervention was significantly lower in the antibiotics group than in the no-antibiotics group (0.08% vs. 0.22%, p 0.001; relative risk (95% confidence interval), 0.35 (0.22–0.57); absolute risk reduction, 0.0014 (0.0008–0.0021); and number needed to treat, 696 (476–1223)). There was no significant difference in 30-day in-hospital mortality between the groups. The length of stay was longer in the antibiotics group than in the no-antibiotics group (median, 10 vs. 9 days, p < 0.001).ConclusionsProphylactic antibiotic use in patients undergoing TACE was associated with a reduced occurrence of liver abscess requiring procedural intervention.     

Effects of anthracyclines on reproductive function in rats

A single injection of antitumor anthracycline antibiotic in a maximum tolerated dose decreased mating capacity in male rats (doxorubicin, farmorubicin) and decreased the efficiency of mating (farmorubicin). In female rats mating capacity did not decrease, but some of them became sterile. The majority of toxic effects were reversible. The incidence of embryonal death before implantation was increased in intact females mated with males treated with farmorubicin. In females treated with anthracycline antibiotics high incidence of pre- and postimplantation embryonal deaths was noted.     

丰加霉素在内质网应激中的研究进展及与抗肿瘤相关机制研究

丰加霉素(Toyocamycin)是一种嘌呤核苷类似物,最早在链霉菌培养基中被发现,能影响多种原核生物及真核生物的生长代谢,具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫以及抗肿瘤的作用。由于其具有较强的毒性作用,因此临床应用受限。最近研究发现丰加霉素与内质网应激密切相关,通过干扰未折叠蛋白反应过程而起到显著的抗肿瘤作用,提示丰加霉素在抗肿瘤方面有望出现新的进展,本文就丰加霉素作用机制方面的研究及其进展综述如下。