重庆地区Ezscan用于筛查糖代谢异常的研究

目的：探索Ezscan在无症状人群中筛查糖代谢异常的能力。方法选取2013年8月至2014年8月进行健康体检的重庆市常驻居民1732例,进行问卷调查、体格检查、空腹血糖（FPG）、葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血脂和Ezscan检测。结果Ezscan高评分人群糖代谢异常患病率高于低评分人群。Ezscan筛查糖代谢异常的受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）为0．616,最佳切点值为24％,灵敏度为67．0％;FPG筛查糖代谢异常最佳切点值为5．5mmol／L,灵敏度和特异度分别为70．5％和61．7％,AUC为0．824;FPG为6．1mmol／L时,筛查糖代谢异常的灵敏度为47．2％。结论重庆地区Ezscan筛查糖代谢异常灵敏度高于经典方法FPG（切点值为6．1mmol／L）检测,在无症状人群中,Ezscan可作为一种有效的糖代谢异常早期筛查技术。     

高糖培养下系膜细胞JAK2／STAT3信号转导通路活性变化及与活性氧簇作用的研究

目的：通过观察高糖培养条件下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞P-STAT3的表达变化,探讨糖尿病状态下JAK2／STAT3途径活性的变化及该通路与活性氧簇（ROS之间的相互作用。方法：用传代培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞同步化后分组：（1）正常糖浓度组（含5．5mmol／L）,高糖浓度组（25mmol／L）,甘露醇组（5．5mmot／L糖＋19．5mmol甘露醇）,正常糖＋AG-490（浓度10／μmol／L）组,高糖＋AG-490（浓度10μmol／L）组。继续观察培养后用Westem Blot及细胞免疫化学方法检测系膜细胞STAT3、P-STAT3表达的变化。（2）正常糖浓度组（N）,高糖浓度组（H）,甘露醇组（M）,正常糖＋Apocynin组（N＋A,Apocynin浓度为100μmol／L）,高糖＋Apocynin组（H＋A,Atx）cynin浓度为100μmol／L）,收集上清液,用比色法检测系膜细胞ROS水平。（3）NADPH氧化酶抑制剂Apocynin预处理,分组同（2）,Apocynin提前1h加入,与正常糖或高糖同时培养后,用Westem Blot方法检测系膜细胞P-STAT3表达。结果：（1）高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞P-STAT3的表达较正常糖浓度组明显升高,甘露醇组与正常糖浓度组相比差异无统计学意义;各组之间STAT3表达差异无统计学意义。（2）高糖条件下,ROS产生明显升高,NADPH氧化酶抑制剂Apocynin可明显降低ROS的产生。（3）高糖条件下,Apocynin经预处理,在正常糖浓度和高糖浓度同时培养48h后,正常糖浓度组和正常糖＋Apocynin组对比P-NTAT3的表达差异无明显区别;高糖十Apocynin组较正常糖浓度组有明显区别,但与高糖组相比明显降低。结论：高糖通过磷酸化方式激活大鼠肾小球系膜细胞JAK2／STAT3信号转导通路;高糖作用下,肾小球系膜细胞ROS产生增加,并具有时间依赖性;高糖状态下ROS可激活肾小球系膜细胞的JAK2／STAL信号传导通路,证明ROS可能参与糖尿病肾病的发生和发展过程。     

妊娠期糖尿病母亲新生儿T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的变化及其与血糖相关的研究

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病母亲新生儿T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的变化及其与患儿出生后24 h内微量血糖的关系。方法选择妊娠期糖尿病母亲足月新生儿33例(观察组)及健康足月新生儿30例(对照组),应用流式细胞术检测出生后24 h内静脉血CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T细胞及CD16+CD56+NK细胞;采用血糖检测仪检测新生儿生后24 h内的微量血糖,并研究观察组血糖与CD3+、CD4+、CD8+5T细胞、CD4+/CD8+、CD16+CD56+NK细胞有无相关性。结果观察组新生儿的CD3+,CD4+T细胞计数,CD4+/CD8+比值、CD16+CD56+NK细胞活性均低于对照组新生儿(P<0.01),微量血糖亦低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组低血糖发生率21.21%,对照组无低血糖发生,两组低血糖发生率差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。CD3+、CD4+T细胞计数,CD16+CD56+NK细胞活性与微量血糖呈正相关性(P均<0.05)。结论妊娠期糖尿病可导致新生儿CD3+、CD4+T细胞计数,CD4+/CD8+比值,CD16+CD56+NK细胞活性下降,导致其免疫功能下降,应加强其围产期护理,预防新生儿期感染的发生。     

Serum,Dietary, and Supplemental Vitamin D Levels and Insulin Resistance in 6294 Randomly Selected,Non-Diabetic U.S. Adults

The primary aim of this study was to determine the associations between serum, dietary, and supplemental vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in 6294 non-diabetic U.S. adults. A total of 8 years of data from the 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and a cross-sectional design were utilized to answer the research questions. Serum vitamin D levels were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Dietary and supplemental vitamin D intakes were assessed using the average of two 24 h dietary recalls taken 3–10 days apart. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), based on fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels, was employed to index insulin resistance. Demographic covariates were age, sex, race, and year of assessment. Differences in physical activity, body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, body weight, season, and energy intake were also controlled statistically. Serum levels of vitamin D differed significantly, and in a dose–response order, across quartiles of HOMA-IR, after adjusting for year, age, sex, and race (F = 30.3, p < 0.0001) and with all the covariates controlled (F = 5.4, p = 0.0029). Dietary vitamin D levels differed similarly across HOMA-IR quartiles, but to a lesser extent, respectively (F = 8.1, p = 0.0001; F = 2.9, p = 0.0437). Likewise, supplemental vitamin D levels also differed across the HOMA-IR quartiles, respectively (F = 3.5, p = 0.0205; F = 3.3, p = 0.0272). With all the covariates controlled, the odds of having insulin resistance were significantly greater for those in the lowest quartile of serum and supplemental vitamin D intake compared to the other quartiles combined. In conclusion, in this nationally representative sample, serum, dietary, and supplemental vitamin D were each predictive of insulin resistance, especially in those with low serum levels and those with no supplemental intake of vitamin D.     

延长油田职工糖代谢异常患病情况调查

目的了解延长油田职工糖代谢异常情况,为制定防治措施提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对甘谷驿采油厂的全体职工进行问卷调查、人体学测量及相关生化指标检测,分析糖代谢异常的流行病学特征及危险因素。结果延长油田职工中糖尿病及糖尿病前期的患病率分别为9.8%和22.8%,均高于延安市居民平均水平。男性患病率高于女性,且患病率随年龄增长而增加(P<0.05)。糖代谢异常在超重、肥胖、高血压病、高尿酸血症及血脂异常人群中患病率较正常人群组偏高(P<0.05)。结论延长油田职工糖尿病及糖尿病前期患病率高于当地平均水平,应加强对职工的健康宣教,预防包括超重、肥胖及糖代谢异常在内的多重危险因素,减少心脑血管疾病的发生。     

Bioactivity of cinnamon with special emphasis on diabetes mellitus: A review

Cinnamon is the oldest spice and has been used by several cultural practices for centuries. In addition to its culinary uses, cinnamon possesses a rising popularity due to many stated health benefits. Out of the large number of cinnamon species available, Cinnamomum aromaticum (Cassia) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum have been subjected to extensive research. Available in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that cinnamon may have multiple health benefits, mainly in relation to hypoglycaemic activity. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of cinnamon is stated also to be brought about by its anti-microbial, anti-fungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-tumour, blood pressure-lowering, cholesterol and lipid-lowering and gastro-protective properties. This article provides a summary of the scientific literature available on both C. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum. All studies reported here have used cinnamon bark and its products. Although almost all the animal models have indicated a pronounced anti-diabetic activity of both cinnamon species, conflicting results were observed with regard to the few clinical trials available. Therefore, the necessity of evaluating the effects of cinnamon for its therapeutic potential through well-defined and adequately powered randomized controlled clinical trials is emphasized, before recommendations are made for the use of cinnamon as an effective treatment for humans.     

Vitamin B12 malabsorption and omeprazole therapy.

The media is the most popular vehicle through which consumers receive nutrition information, and is powerful in influencing food selection and health behaviors. Unfortunately, media messages surrounding nutrition are often inconsistent, confusing, and do not enable the public to make positive changes in health behaviors. The process to improve this scenario begins with communication between scientists and journalists. Scientists can take several steps to insure the results of their research are reported to the public accurately and, thereby, contribute to the achievement of the nation's public health goals.