格列吡嗪控释片体外药物释放特征和体内外相关性研究

目的 考察格列吡嗪控释片体外药物释放特征和体内外相关性。 方法 分别采用3种不同pH值的缓冲溶液作为释放介质,并对pH 6.8的释放介质分别采用3种不同的转速来测定格列吡嗪控释片的体外药物释放度,考察释放介质pH值和转速对释放度的影响。用Loo-Riegelman法计算格列吡嗪控释片在健康男性受试者体内吸收百分数,并与相应时间体外累积释放度线性回归,进行体内外相关性考察。结果 格列吡嗪控释片在不同pH值释放介质中的释放度一致,均符合零级动力学,且不受转速影响。将体内累积吸收百分数y与相应时间在pH 6.8释放介质中的体外释放百分数x进行线性回归（n=7）,回归方程为y=0.690 4x+22.941,r=0.952 8。结论 格列吡嗪控释片的释放度不受释放介质pH值和转速的影响,释药恒速。体外释放累积百分数与体内吸收百分数呈A级相关,具有良好的体内外相关性。     

银杏叶提取物对高糖环境下ECV304细胞的保护作用

目的：探讨银杏叶提取物对高糖环境下人脐静脉内皮细胞（ECV304）的保护作用及机制。方法：体外培养的ECV304细胞分为高糖组、银杏叶保护组、甘露醇高渗对照组（甘露醇组）和正常细胞组,在35 mmol•L^-1高糖条件下培养ECV304细胞24 h后,分别收集不同处理组的细胞,检测细胞产生羟自由基（•OH）、超氧阴离子（O^-₂）、丙二醛(MDA)水平,同时测定细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性;采用不同处理组的细胞制作扫描电镜图片,观察细胞及线粒体形态的改变。结果：高糖组细胞产生•OH、O^-₂和MDA水平高于银杏叶保护组（P<0.05）,SOD活性低于银杏叶保护组（P<0.05）。甘露醇组细胞产生•OH、O^-₂、MDA水平显著低于高糖组（P<0.05）。电镜下可见银杏叶保护组线粒体形态完好,线粒体内嵴清晰可见;高糖组线粒体肿胀,线粒体内嵴消失,坏死细胞增多。结论：银杏叶提取物对高糖导致的ECV304细胞损伤具有保护作用。     

银杏叶提取物对损伤后中脑多巴胺能神经细胞活性的影响

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物(EGB761)对1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(MPP+)及脂多糖(LPS)损伤后的中脑多巴胺能神经细胞是否具有保护作用.方法 采用胚胎大鼠中脑原代细胞培养法,分离培养中脑神经细胞,培养细胞随机分为空白对照组、MPP+组、MPP++EGB761组、MPP++LPS组、MPP++EGB761+LPS组;给予MPP+、EGB761和LPS进行配组干预,然后观察细胞生长状况;通过3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)微量比色法检测细胞活性;酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)免疫荧光法(FITC),比较各组阳性神经元的变化,了解多巴胺能神经元的表达情况;同时硝酸还原法检测培养细胞中一氧化氮(NO)的表达情况.结果 空白对照组、MPP++EGB761组:细胞生长旺盛,轴突延长明显;MPP++EGB761+LPS组:细胞生长受抑制,轴突较短MPP+组、MPP++LPS组细胞数量少,仅少数细胞稍有突起,大多数细胞无轴突.MTT法测得细胞吸光度值(A值)、免疫荧光TH阳性细胞表达及培养细胞NO的表达:空白对照组、MPP++EGB761组NO含量与MPP++EGB761+LPS组、MPP+组、MPP++LPS组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).MPP++EGB761+LPS组NO含量与MPP+组、MPP++LPS组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MPP+组与MPP++LPS组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表1).结论 LPS可加重MPP+对多巴胺能神经元的损伤作用,小胶质的活化及其释放的NO有可能参与该细胞凋亡过程.EGB761对损伤后的胚胎大鼠中脑原代培养细胞具有保护作用,此作用可能通过抑制小胶质的活化完成.     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠睾丸和附睾组织自由基和抗氧化水平的影响

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物(EGb)对糖尿病大鼠睾丸和附睾组织自由基和抗氧化水平的影响.方法 从40只Wistar雄性大鼠中随机抽取10只作为正常对照组,其余大鼠用链脲佐菌素(STZ)加高脂高糖饮食制备2型糖尿病模型.造模动物筛选后,随机分为糖尿病组和治疗组,每组10只.治疗组给予EGb 10周后,取3组大鼠双侧睾丸和附睾组织.检测丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性.结果 3组大鼠睾丸、附睾组织中MDA、NO水平及SOD、GSH-Px、NOS活性问差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).糖尿病组大鼠睾丸、附睾组织中MDA、NO水平及SOD、GSH-Px和NOS活性与对照组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);治疗组大鼠睾丸组织中MDA水平及SOD、GSH-Px活性与对照组,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗组大鼠附睾组织中MDA水平及SOD、GSH-Px、NOS活性与对照组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗组大鼠睾丸和附睾组织中MDA、NO水平及SOD、GSH-Px和NOS活性与糖尿病组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠睾丸和附睾组织具有保护作用.     

Synovitis,acne, pustulosis,hyperostosis, osteitis syndrome with invisible organizing pneumonia: A case report

We report the case of a 59-year-old female patient, presenting with pustular rash on both hands and pain in the lumbosacral part and left lower limb. A magnetic resonance imaging examination of the left leg was undertaken and the result showed that a malignant lesion with bone destruction of the left femoral shaft could not be excluded. Subsequently, bone tumor was excluded by pathological examination. Lung computed tomography scan showed patchy consolidation and cord shadow in the middle left lung. Subsequently, lung cancer was excluded by pathological examination, and the histopathological changes of lung were consistent with those of organized pneumonia. Blood tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, and human leukocyte antigen-B27 were unremarkable. Whole body bone scintigraphy via technetium 99m-methyl diphosphonate showed increased radionuclide uptake in the left middle femur. Based on her clinical manifestations, imaging results and bone scintigraphy, the patient was diagnosed as having synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. Loxoprofen and Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F led to impressive clinical and radiologic improvement.     

白果饮片质量标准修订研究

目的 建立并完善白果饮片的质量标准。方法 参照《中国药典》（2015年版）第一增补本相关方法对29批白果仁饮片及12批炒白果仁饮片进行性状鉴别,并测定水分含量。结果 不同批次的白果仁饮片及炒白果仁饮片性状较一致;白果仁饮片水分含量为8.8%～12.2%,平均为10.5%;炒白果仁饮片水分含量为5.4%～12.3%,平均为8.9%。鉴于白果饮片存储较久,易虫蛀发霉,规定白果饮片水分含量不超过10.0%。结论 与《中国药典》（2015年版）第一增补本相比,增加了白果仁及炒白果仁饮片的性状鉴别,完善了白果饮片的质量标准;白果仁及炒白果仁饮片水分含量需严格控制,不超过10.0%,以防止饮片发霉及虫蛀。     

Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of haloperidol solid dispersion

PurposeThe aim of this study was to design fast dissolving tablets (FDT) of the anti –psychiatric drug haloperidol in solid dispersion forms as a way to enhance its dissolution profile and anti-psychiatric effect.MethodsSolubility studies of haloperidol in various polymers solutions were investigated. The selected polymer with high drug solubility (Poly ethylene glycol 4000) was used for preparation of solid dispersion through two methods solvent evaporation method and melting method. Haloperidol solid dispersion mixed with other solid powder excipients and compressed into tablets. The resulted tablets were evaluated according to British Pharmacopoeia (B.P.) specifications. Pre- and post -compression studies were performed to determine the flow properties and evaluate the solid dispersion systems, followed by in vivo studies through forced swimming test (FST)ResultsPre-compression studies showed adequate flowability and compatibility of polymer and solid excipients with haloperidol. The selected solid dispersion tablet (SD2) demonstrated the best disintegration and water absorption ratio in addition to satisfactory friability and hardness. Attempts of in vitro dissolution results and thermodynamic stability studies showed acceptable results for (SD2) formulation containing PEG 4000 polymer prepared by melting method.The in vivo study of (SD2) formulation revealed the highest immobility time to rats compared to control rats and others treated with commercial haloperidol product.ConclusionFast dissolving tablets prepared from solid dispersion of haloperidol with PEG4000 expressed rapid onset of action with enhanced anti-psychiatric effect of haloperidol.     

复方甘草含片的研究进展

复方甘草含片是在复方甘草片基础上的一次剂型改革,将甘草片改进为含片,使其成为味道适宜、质量稳定的新剂型,主要有镇咳、祛痰、消炎作用。通过实践研究发现,复方甘草含片镇咳祛痰的疗效强于复方甘草片。本文通过查阅分析相关文献,从药理作用、临床疗效、制备工艺、质量控制四个方面系统的阐述了复方甘草含片的研究进展及所取得的进步,为其在临床上合理应用进一步提供了依据。     

盐酸益母草碱片的制备及质量评价

目的制备盐酸益母草碱片,并进行质量评价。方法采用湿法制粒技术,以盐酸益母草碱为原料药,采用单因素实验筛选填充剂、崩解剂、黏合剂、润滑剂种类;结合正交实验,以15 min累积溶出度(以水为溶出介质)为指标,筛选崩解剂占比、黏合剂溶液质量分数、润滑剂占比,并进行验证。按2020年版《中国药典》(四部)通则方法对所制盐酸益母草碱片的体外溶出行为(溶出介质分别为pH1.2的盐酸溶液、pH4.5的醋酸-醋酸钠溶液、pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液、水)、片剂外观、硬度、脆碎度、含量均匀度进行检测。结果盐酸益母草碱片的最优处方为盐酸益母草碱原料药500 mg、糊精9250 mg、交联聚维酮200 mg、硬脂酸镁50 mg、1%羟丙甲纤维素溶液4 mL。所制3批片剂的平均15 min累积溶出度为81.25%(RSD=1.12%,n=3)。在上述4种溶出介质中,所制片剂均能在30 min内达到溶出平衡,且累积溶出度均超过85%。所制片剂外观颜色均一,呈米黄色,表面光滑,边缘完整,无杂色、斑点、异物等,硬度为57.3 N(n=6),减重率为0.15%,含量均匀度符合2020年版《中国药典》(四部)相关规定。结论成功制备了盐酸益母草碱片,且质量符合相关规定。     

Anti-inflammatory activity of hexane leaf extract of Aspilia africana C.D. Adams

The anti-inflammatory activity of hexane leaf extract of Aspilia africana C.D. Adams (Compositae) was evaluated in rodents using the xylene-induced ear edema, egg albumin- and agar-induced paw edema, formaldehyde-induced arthritis, cotton pellet granuloma, gastric ulcerogenic, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and dextran-induced in vivo leukocyte migration tests. Results showed that the extract (5mg/ear) inhibited topical edema in the mouse ear and at 200 and 400mg/kg (i.p.), it significantly (P<0.05) suppressed the development of egg albumin- and agar-induced paw edema, and the global edematous response to arthritis induced by formaldehyde in rats. Oral administration of the extract (200 or 400mg/kg) evoked a significant (P<0.05) dose-related ulceration of the rat gastric mucosa and inhibition of vascular permeability induced by acetic acid in mice. The extract also significantly (P<0.05) reduced total leukocyte and neutrophils counts in a non-dose-related manner. However, it significantly (P<0.05) increased lymphocyte counts and stimulated the growth of granuloma tissues induced by subcutaneously implanted cotton pellets in rats. Phytochemical tests showed that the extract contained sterols and terpenoids. These findings suggest that the leaves of Aspilia africana possess anti-inflammatory activity in acute and certain aspects of chronic inflammation, which may derive from inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis, inhibition of increased vascular permeability, inhibition of neutrophil migration into inflamed tissues, and stimulation of lymphocyte accumulation, which may enhance tissue repair and healing. The terpenoids present in the leaves may account for the anti-inflammatory activity.