钛夹标记联合CT图像后处理技术在早期胃癌腹腔镜术前定位中的应用

目的 探讨钛夹标记联合CT图像后处理技术在早期胃癌腹腔镜术前定位中的应用.方法 30例早期胃癌患者经消化道内窥镜检查发现病灶并常规活检后,于瘤体旁放置钛夹,术前12～24 h分别行腹部卧位X线摄影及腹部CT平扫,通过CT图像后处理技术及腹部X线摄影来了解钛夹的位置,以便术前确定病灶部位及范围,并与术中所见病灶位置进行比...     

腹腔镜胃袖状切除术后修正手术选择及评价

我国减重手术例数逐年增加,其中腹腔镜胃袖状切除术（LSG）约占总手术例数的60%,随着手术例数的增加伴随而来的是面临术后严重并发症和复胖问题处理的挑战。对于术前严重并发症或复胖保守治疗无效的病人,修正手术是其治疗的最佳方式。目前,国内外修正手术种类繁多,术后治疗效果不一,如何选择修正手术的方式是保证手术效果使病人获益的关键。LSG术后复胖病人的修正手术要求病人在接受内科治疗及饮食运动治疗无效后,在符合手术适应证的基础上,经过MDT讨论后再选择手术方式。相较其他修正手术方式,现阶段LRYGB是符合各类修正手术指征的手术方式,具体操作中手术方式的选择则因病人病情而异。     

经腹胃癌全胃切除P形空肠代胃108例报告

目的 探讨胃癌全胃切除术后合理的消化道重建方式，提高病人生存质量。方法 108例胃癌病人经腹全胃切除后，食管．空肠行P形吻合，空肠．空肠行Roux-Y吻合，术后加强营养支持治疗。结果 本组无手术死亡病例，无食管空肠吻合口瘘等严重并发症发生，与经胸腹术相比，具有创伤小，恢复快，并发症少等特点。结论 经腹胃癌全胃切除P形空肠代胃术是一种安全、实用、疗效满意的手术方法．术后加强营养支持治疗．有益于病人顺利康复。     

分流断流联合术治疗食管曲张静脉破裂大出血（附186例报道）

目的　观察分流断流联合术 (脾肾分流加贲门周围血管离断术 )治疗食管曲张静脉破裂大出血的临床效果 ,探讨该术式的合理性。方法　采用分流断流联合术治疗门静脉高压症食管曲张静脉破裂大出血 186例。术中测定自由门静脉压力 ,运用超声彩色多普勒显像观察手术前后门静脉血流动力学变化 ,并对临床效果进行观察、随访。结果　手术死亡率 3 .2 %。术后近期无出血 ,远期再出血率为 8.2 %。术后肝性脑病发生率为 4 .8%。术后 1年、3年、5年、10年生存率分别为 98.1%、89 .9%、84 .3 %、67.9%。术后门静脉压力和门静脉、脾静脉的直径、流量、流速变化与术前相比有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　分流断流联合术具有止血效果确切 ,再出血率低 ,肝性脑病发生率低等优点 ,是治疗门静脉高压症食管曲张静脉破裂大出血合理而可行的术式。     

Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass is an effective bridge to kidney transplantation: Results from a single center

Body mass index (BMI) > 35‐40 kg/m² is often a contraindication, while Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is performed to enable kidney transplantation. This single‐center retrospective study evaluated pre‐ and post‐transplant outcomes of 31 morbidly obese patients with end‐stage renal disease having RYGB before kidney transplantation between July 2009 and June 2014. Fourteen RYGB patients were subsequently transplanted. Nineteen recipients not having GB with a BMI ≥ 36 kg/m² at transplantation were used as historical controls. Mean BMI (±SE) before RYGB was 43.5 ± 0.7 kg/m² (range: 35.4‐50.5 kg/m²); 87.1% (27/31) achieved a BMI < 35 kg/m². The percentage having improved diabetes/hypertension control was 29.0% (9/31); 25.8% (8/31) had complications (mostly minor) after RYGB. Among transplanted patients, blacks/Hispanics comprised 78.6% (11/14) and 84.2% (16/19) of RYGB and controls; 57.1% (8/14) and 63.2% (12/19) had a (mostly long‐standing) pretransplant history of diabetes. While biopsy‐proven acute rejection (BPAR) occurred significantly higher among RYGB vs control patients (6/14 vs 3/19, P = .03), patients developing T‐cell BPAR were also significantly more likely to have a tacrolimus (TAC) trough level < 4.0 ng/mL within 3 weeks of T‐cell BPAR (P = .0007). In Cox's model, the impact of having a TAC level < 4.0 ng/mg remained significant (P = .007) while the effect of RYGB was no longer significant (P = .13). Infections, graft, and patient survival were not significantly different. Despite obvious effectiveness in achieving weight loss, RYGB will need more careful post‐transplant monitoring given the observed higher BPAR rate.     

超声内镜在胃癌术前诊断中的应用分析

目的探讨超声内镜(EUS)在胃癌术前TN分期中的应用经验。方法术后病理检查证实为胃癌而且使用超声内镜进行了术前TN分期的患者352例,对其资料进行回顾性分析。结果 EUS胃癌术前T分期总正确率为81.25%,其中T1为85.58%,T2为73.91%,T3为82.14%,T4为83.33%,与术后病理结果比较具有高度一致性(Kappa系数为0.75)。EUS对胃癌术前N分期总的正确率为52.84%,其中N0为85.56%,N1为56.69%,N2为28.09%,N3为26.09%,与术后病理结果比较具有一般一致性(Kappa系数为0.33)。将病变部位分为贲门、胃底、胃体、胃窦、幽门,不同部位之间的检测正确率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论EUS在胃癌术前诊断中具有临床意义,其中T分期可为合理制定治疗方案提供依据,N分期准确性有待提高。     

A novel technique of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass reversal for postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia: A case report

BackgroundWe describe an evaluation of the effects of partial Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) reversal on postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, insulin and GLP-1 levels.Case summaryA 37 year old man was admitted with neuroglycopenia (plasma–glucose 1.6 mmol/l) 18 months after RYGB, with normal 72 h fasting test and abdominal CT. Despite dietary modifications and medical treatment, the hypoglycaemic episodes escalated in frequency. Feeding by a gastrostomy tube positioned in the gastric remnant did not prevent severe episodes of hypoglycaemia. A modified reversal of the RYGB was performed. Mixed meal tests were done perorally (PO), through the gastrostomy tube 1 (GT1), 4 weeks (GT2) after placement and 4 weeks after reversal (POr), with assessment of glucose, insulin and GLP-1 levels.ResultsPlasma–glucose increased to a maximum of 9.6, 5.4, 6.5 and 5.8 mmol/l at the PO, GT1, GT2 and POr tests respectively. The corresponding insulin levels were 2939, 731, 725 and 463 pmol/l. A decrease of plasma–glucose followed: 2.2, 3.0, 3.9 and 2.9 mmol/l respectively and insulin levels were suppressed at 150 min: 45, 22, 21 and 14 pmol/l, respectively. GLP-1 levels increased in the PO test (60 min: 122 pmol/l, 21 fold of basal), but was attenuated in the two latter tests (12–23 pmol/l at 60 min).ConclusionsReduction of plasma–glucose, insulin and GLP-1 excursions and symptoms were seen after gastric tube placement and partial RYGB reversal. This attenuation of GLP-1 response to feeding could reflect an adaptation to nutrients.     

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is safe in elderly patients: a propensity-score matched analysis

Background

Numerous studies have established the effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for weight loss and co-morbidity amelioration. However, its safety and efficacy in elderly patients remains controversial.

早期胃癌治疗的共识与问题

目前,早期胃癌的治疗共识与争议并存。一方面,在符合适应证前提下,内镜治疗在安全性和预后方面均可以接受,且比手术治疗更加微创,是符合内镜治疗指征病人的首选方式;与进展期胃癌相比,早期胃癌的手术治疗在原发灶切除及淋巴结清扫范围方面有不同的要求;有经验及条件的中心可考虑选用腹腔镜或机器人等微创手术方式,这些现已达成业内共识。另一方面,如何提高临床分期的准确性,如何为符合内镜治疗扩大适应证的人群选择合理的治疗方式,如何处置内镜治疗切缘阳性的病人,怎样进行前哨淋巴结活检的探索以及保留功能手术的研究,如何应对我国现状下的早期胃癌治疗等仍存在争议。总体而言,早期胃癌的治疗模式呈现多元化,向精准靠近,内镜与微创手术的结合可能是今后早期胃癌治疗发展的热点。