全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23147篇 |
免费 | 2118篇 |
国内免费 | 1272篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 8篇 |
儿科学 | 190篇 |
妇产科学 | 16篇 |
基础医学 | 1720篇 |
口腔科学 | 33篇 |
临床医学 | 1991篇 |
内科学 | 4719篇 |
皮肤病学 | 25篇 |
神经病学 | 537篇 |
特种医学 | 524篇 |
外国民族医学 | 41篇 |
外科学 | 3018篇 |
综合类 | 4790篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 684篇 |
眼科学 | 11篇 |
药学 | 1881篇 |
26篇 | |
中国医学 | 1304篇 |
肿瘤学 | 5018篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 67篇 |
2023年 | 368篇 |
2022年 | 720篇 |
2021年 | 945篇 |
2020年 | 838篇 |
2019年 | 684篇 |
2018年 | 608篇 |
2017年 | 778篇 |
2016年 | 929篇 |
2015年 | 926篇 |
2014年 | 1389篇 |
2013年 | 1600篇 |
2012年 | 1305篇 |
2011年 | 1390篇 |
2010年 | 1079篇 |
2009年 | 1005篇 |
2008年 | 1098篇 |
2007年 | 1282篇 |
2006年 | 1024篇 |
2005年 | 995篇 |
2004年 | 800篇 |
2003年 | 662篇 |
2002年 | 638篇 |
2001年 | 660篇 |
2000年 | 619篇 |
1999年 | 485篇 |
1998年 | 448篇 |
1997年 | 379篇 |
1996年 | 356篇 |
1995年 | 385篇 |
1994年 | 341篇 |
1993年 | 249篇 |
1992年 | 214篇 |
1991年 | 213篇 |
1990年 | 184篇 |
1989年 | 156篇 |
1988年 | 144篇 |
1987年 | 103篇 |
1986年 | 57篇 |
1985年 | 60篇 |
1984年 | 70篇 |
1983年 | 43篇 |
1982年 | 46篇 |
1981年 | 39篇 |
1980年 | 37篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1978年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 21篇 |
1976年 | 18篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
目的 :探讨大鼠胃粘膜与急性胃粘膜损伤之间的关系。方法 :采用原子吸收光谱分析法 ,测定胃粘膜Ca2 +含量。结果 :胃粘膜损伤程度随应激时间延长而加重 ,胃粘膜Ca2 + 含量却下降 ,二者呈明显负相关 ,但是 ,CaCl2 预应激或应用钙通道阻断剂 ,可减轻胃粘膜损伤程度。结论 :Ca2 + 在急性胃粘膜损伤中有一定的作用。 相似文献
32.
人端粒酶RNA的cDNA探针制备及其对胃粘膜细胞端粒酶RNA表达的检测 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的 建立人端粒酶RNA表达的检测方法。方法 制备人端粒酶RNA,(human telomeraseRNA,hTR)的cDNA探针,分别应用RNA斑点杂交与端粒重复序列扩增法(TRAP)分析检测不同胃粘膜的端粒酶RNA的表达与端粒酶活性。结果 人端粒酶RNA的cDNA探针制备成功。18例活检胃癌组织及45例手术胃癌组织RNA斑点杂交检测的阳性率均为l00%,相应TRAP分析的阳性率分别为88.89%、86.67%,低于RNA斑点杂交(P<0.05)。同时RNA斑点杂交结果提示在非癌胃组织中随着肠化程度增高人端粒酶RNA表达也增强。结论 RNA斑点杂交检测人端粒酶RNA,具有高度的敏感性和特异性,弥补了TRAP分析敏感性不足的缺点。 相似文献
33.
Background: The bariatric patient exists in dynamic relationship with family members and friends who have considerable influence
upon the patient and his or her surgical outcome. When family members and friends behave as intimate saboteurs, they attempt
to hamper, hurt, or subvert the bariatric patient's goal of achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight. Successful or
not, intimate saboteurs provide significant treatment challenges for the patient and the treatment team. Methods and Patients:
Patient profiles provide examples of intimate sabotage. The psychological construct of Family Systems Theory is used as a
plausible explanation for the sabotage of friends and family. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary professionals treating the bariatric
patient must be aware of the critical influence of intimate saboteurs and the tactics they use to sabotage. Treatment guidelines
recommended by Family Systems Theory are presented as strategies to mitigate the influence of intimate saboteurs. 相似文献
34.
A Decade of Change in Obesity Surgery 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Edward E Mason MD PhD Shenghui Tang MS Kathleen E Renquist BS Dwight T Barnes Joseph J Cullen MD Cornelius Doherty MD James W Maher MD 《Obesity surgery》1997,7(3):189-197
Background: The International (formerly National) Bariatric Surgery Registry began collecting data in January 1986. The aim
of this study was to examine changes in the practice of surgical treatment of severe obesity that occurred during the decade
of 1986 through 1995, as observed in the IBSR data. Methods: All data submitted to the IBSR during the decade were transferred
to the IBM mainframe computer for analysis. Characteristics of operative type populations were compared over time using analysis
of variance (ANOVA) for age, body mass index (BMI), operative weight and Chi-square (χ2) test for gender. Results: There has been a steady increase over the decade in mean patient weight. The operations used have
changed from predominantly ‘simple’ operations to more frequent use of ‘complex’ operations. Within the categories of ‘simple’
and ‘complex’, an increase in the variety of operations occurred. As a group, patients with ‘simple’ operations have been
heavier, more often male and public pay patients than those who have undergone ‘complex’ operations. One year weight loss
was greater for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) than vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), but follow-up rates were too low to
study the relative merits of the operations used. The reported incidence of operative mortality and serious complications
(leak with peritonitis, abscess and pulmonary embolism) remained low. Conclusions: These observations and their implications
can be summarized in three statements which relate to action for improved patient care in the beginning of the new century:
(1) increasing weight of candidates for surgical treatment during this decade indicates the need for earlier use of operative
treatment before irreversible complications of obesity can develop; (2) low risk of obesity surgery, decreasing postoperative
hospital stay, and early weight control support the continued and increased use of surgical treatment; (3) continued widespread
use of both ‘simple’ and ‘complex’ operations with increased modifications of standard RGB and VBG procedures emphasizes the
need for standardized long-term data and analyses regarding both weight control and postoperative side-effects. 相似文献
35.
36.
37.
胃癌雌激素受体表达及新一代抗受体药物在胃癌治疗中的探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的 探讨胃癌雌激素受体 (ER)实际表达率 ,为临床使用新一代抗ER药物 (toremifene ,TOR)治疗胃癌提供临床病理依据。方法 用免疫组化法对 349例胃癌标本进行ER的检测 ,其中 2 99例用ABC(avidinbiotinperoxidasecomplex)法 ,5 0例用葡聚糖聚合物技术二步法进行检测。在检测ER的同时也检测 p5 3及PCNA的表达。结果 两种检测方法的ER阳性率分别为 2 .3% (7/ 2 99)及 0 % (0 / 5 0 ) ,p5 3阳性率 37.1% (111/ 2 99)及 4 6 %(2 3/ 5 0 ) ,PCNA 94 .3% (2 82 / 2 99)及 96 % (48/ 5 0 )。结论 胃癌细胞可表达ER但实际表达率很低 ,而且存在质和量的变化。tamoxifen (TAM )及TOR的抗胃癌效应需要进一步研究 相似文献
38.
目的:观察小鼠胃肠运动昼夜节律及药物对节律的影响。方法:小鼠不同时间点灌胃给予蒸馏水及实验药物,同步测定胃排空及小肠推进运动情况。结果:小鼠胃排空及小肠推进运动存在昼夜节律;普瑞博思促进胃肠运动存在时间效应,但对节律无明显影响;阿托品抑制胃肠运动可使原有昼夜节律消失。结论:小鼠胃肠运动功能存在昼夜节律,药物对胃肠运动功能的作用存在时间效应,可使节律发生不同变化。 相似文献
39.
Lin Bo Wang Jian Guo Shen Li Feng Dong Chao Yang Xu Wen Jun Chen Shu Duo Xie Xiang Yang Song Ning Dai Xiao Ming Yuan 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2008,12(8):1359-1363
We previously reported that lymphatic mapping using isosulfan blue can be used to identify sentinel nodes (SNs). This study
was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using the SN technique in treating early gastric cancer and to explore its usefulness
for minimal invasive surgery. Twenty-three patients with early gastric cancer who underwent SN biopsy were retrospectively
evaluated. Based on SN evaluation, individualized surgery was performed in five patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer. When
pathological examination of frozen sections revealed metastasis in SNs, we performed a standard D2 gastrectomy. Laparoscopic
local resection was applied when the SN biopsy was negative. Our results showed that the success rate with SN biopsy in early
gastric cancer was 100%, as were the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. All five patients with early gastric cancer had
SNs negative for metastases both by frozen section and by postoperative pathology. Thus, all these patients underwent laparoscopic
local resection without extended lymphadenectomy. We conclude that SN biopsy is a useful tool to individualize the operative
procedure, and laparoscopic local resection can be safely performed using SN guidance in selected patients with early gastric
cancer. 相似文献
40.
Expression of Anion Exchanger 1 Sequestrates p16 in the Cytoplasm in Gastric and Colonic Adenocarcinoma
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Wei-Wei Shen Jun Wu Li Cai Bing-Ya Liu Yan Gao Guo-Qiang Chen Guo-Hui Fu 《Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)》2007,9(10):812-819
p16INK4A (p16) binds to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 and negatively regulates cell growth. Recent studies have led to an understanding of additional biologic functions for p16; however, the detailed mechanisms involved are still elusive. In this article, we show an unexpected expression of anion exchanger 1 (AE1) in the cytoplasm in poorly and moderately differentiated gastric and colonic adenocarcinoma cells and in its interaction with p16, thereby sequestrating the protein in the cytoplasm. Genetic alterations of p16 and AE1 were not detectable. Forced expression of AE1 in these cells sequestrated more p16 in the cytoplasm, whereas small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of AE1 in the cells induced the release of p16 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, leading to cell death and growth inhibition of tumor cells. By analyzing tissue samples obtained from patients with gastric and colonic cancers, we found that 83.33% of gastric cancers and 56.52% of colonic cancers coexpressed AE1 and p16 in the cytoplasm. We conclude that AE1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gastric and colonic adenocarcinoma and that p16 dysfunction is a novel pathway of carcinogenesis. 相似文献