Expanding Our Strategies to Study the Process of Change

The conceptual and methodological framework proposed by Doss (this issue) makes valuable suggestions for strategic choices in future research. This commentary addresses conceptual and terminological distinctions adopted by Doss, as well as his criticism of add-on/ dismantling studies. We also suggest research topics and methodological developments that could be integrated in Doss's framework to further expand understanding of therapeutic change.     

海藻硫酸多糖的制备及其性质研究

目的 建立一套从褐藻中提取海藻硫酸多糖(SP)简单可行的工艺流程。方法 采用乙醇分级提取和Sevage去除蛋白的方法分离、纯化SP，并用Molish反应、Fehling反应、茚三酮法和硫酸基法等鉴定SP产品，用苯酚硫酸法测定SP产品中的糖含量，硫酸基法测定SP产品中的硫酸基含量。结果 从褐藻中得到了SP产品，其得率为3％，SP产品的总糖含量高达85．4％，硫酸基含量为5．3％。结论 我们建立的SP制备工艺流程简单可行，所得产品确系硫酸酯化的海藻多糖。     

Results of a survey of the role of multidisciplinary team coordinators for colorectal cancer in England and Wales

OBJECTIVE: Over the last 6 years, multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) have been established and play a key role in organizing the delivery of cancer care in the UK. There are no published data on the roles of their co-coordinators. To seek the views of colorectal multidisciplinary team co-ordinators (MDTCs) on what they do and how they do it. METHOD: Questionnaires were sent to the colorectal MDTC, or equivalent, in all 180 NHS hospital trusts in England and Wales where colorectal cancer surgery is performed. RESULTS: There was a 70% response rate. Seventy-one per cent of trusts now have a dedicated MDTC, whereas in 2002, only 40% had one. MDTCs generally keep their information on databases, but these differ, and are not coordinated with data entry into the national colorectal cancer database of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. In only 26 trusts does the MDTC communicate decisions to primary care, and the patients seem almost completely excluded from this process. CONCLUSION: The recently formed national MDTC Forum should grasp the opportunity of coordinating all of this well-intentioned but pluralistic activity to the benefit of patients, primary care and hospital teams. An effective MDTC with a robust database will be the key in achieving cancer waiting time targets with useful audit, thereby improving patient care.     

一氧化氮与卵巢生理

NO是一种结构简单的气体,是脊椎动物体内已发现的分子量最小的生物活性分子。NO作为一种信使分子,生物作用广泛,在生殖系统发挥重要作用。本文着重介绍NO作为卵巢内重要的调节因子,在调节卵泡发育、卵母细胞成熟、排卵、黄体的形成与退化、激素合成等方面的研究进展。     

自体髂软骨及松质骨移植在牙槽突裂同期行鼻畸形整复术中的应用

目的　探索牙槽突裂与鼻畸形同期整复的新方法。方法　对 4 2例牙槽突裂患者采用自体髂骨及松质骨充填牙槽裂隙 ,髂嵴软骨片覆盖并充垫塌陷的梨状孔外缘及鼻侧区 ,同时利用鼻前庭黏膜软骨复合组织瓣V Y推进法整复鼻畸形。结果　 9～ 11岁患者牙槽突高度恢复平均为86 7% ,厚度恢复平均为 89 6 % ,牙槽突外形和功能为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级 ,尖牙在骨移植区萌出 ,梨状孔外缘鼻侧区低陷处高度恢复 ,鼻翼塌陷畸形恢复 ,鼻孔形态对称 ;12岁以上患者牙槽突高度恢复平均为70 1% ,厚度恢复平均为 71 7% ,牙槽突外形和功能为Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级 ;2例 18岁患者鼻背长轴、鼻端偏斜未能改善。结论　利用自体松质骨和软骨来修复牙槽突裂并同时进行鼻畸形整复 ,既能保证牙槽突高度、牙弓连续性的恢复 ,鼻畸形的改善 ,又能防止鼻背、鼻端长期畸形发展而造成难以矫正的偏斜 ,同时也能尽早消除因畸形给患者带来的心理障碍 ,是一种比较理想的整复方法     

H—TdR前体掺入技术在复方中药抗癌制剂研究中的应用

将一种快速、灵敏、可靠、简便的抗癌活性微量测定技术——~3H—TdR前体掺入技术用于复方中药抗癌制剂制备工艺筛选,短期内即拟定出较合理的工艺,经临床及14项生物学指标综合评定,该制剂疗效好,无明显的毒副作用。表明把一些快速、灵敏的医学检测技术引入药物制备工艺、质量标准及稳定性研究,可克服由于活性成分不清楚带来的一些困难,拓宽了研究途径,提高了研究水平。     

Licensing and control authority batch release of influenza vaccine in Germany in accordance with EEC regulations

The epidemiological situation calls for almost yearly changes in the antigenic composition of influenza vaccine, thus necessitating fresh licensing procedures. Since the time for bringing a new vaccine onto the market should be relatively short, the following work of all parties involved must be done expeditiously: 1) WHO recommendations on new virus strains and their subsequent adaptation by the EEC (February/March); 2) Distribution of the new virus strains to the International Reference Centers for Influenza in the UK and USA (February/ March); the centers later issue reference materials for the determination of the haemagglutinin antigen concentration (April/May); 3) Production and testing of seed virus by manufacturers, as well as validation of the producer's inactivation process for the new virus strains (May/June); 4) Licensing of the vaccines by the National Control Authority (Paul-Ehrlich-Institute) (June/July); in the case of previously licensed products, the procedure is limited essentially to the approval of the detailed protocol of production and tests on the new virus strains, clinical studies not being required before licensing because of a lack of time; 5) Paul-Ehrlich-Institute's test for batch release, according to Directive 89/342/EEC, besides protocol approval, conducts material testing of the endotoxin and antigen content of each vaccine lot; the assay for the antigen quantification is especially laborious and sometimes must be repeated because of test invalidity.     

突触小泡膜表面突起与微管联系的超微结构研究

本研究用透射电镜技术观察了大脑皮质（视区）和海马（CA1区和CA3区）的神经终末内的突触小泡和微管间的联系。结果揭示：在适当的超薄切片样品上，常显示出突触小泡膜表面上有短的突起，说明突触小泡是借其膜表面的短突与其它小泡和微管进行联系的。除小泡外，在微管的表面也见一些短突并与小泡发生接触。本文首次报道了用透射电镜方法观察脑内小泡-微管借表面短突连接的联系，提示突触小泡膜表面和微管表面的短突在轴浆运输机制中负有重要的作用。     

大黄炮制研究Ⅷ 炮制对大黄鞣质类成分影响的初步探讨

对生大黄及其炮制品进行了活性鞣质、d-儿茶素,没食子酸的含量测定比较。证明不同炮制法对总活性鞣质及其单体均有显著影响,呈现不同程度的减量。但炖制30小时及热压4小时以上的熟大黄,在d-儿茶素大幅度减量或消失的同时,没食子酸呈现增量。对阐明大黄炮制品的缓下、抑菌等药效变化具有一定意义。     

Bifurcation properties of the two process model

Abstract Daan's two process model is known to be one of the most powerful models, covering various situations from free-running to sleep deprivation. In this study, bifurcation properties of the model dynamics as function of a gap, D , between the threshold processes are clarified using a circle map. As a function of D , we will show that the model has the different types of the mutual entrainment regions that are intervened by the tangent bifurcation. The variable behavior of human circadian rhythm is suggested to be systematically understood based on the bifurcation properties of the two process model.