Two new flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Cleome chelidonii L.f.

From the leaves of Cleome chelidonii L.f., two new flavonol glycosides, named cleomesides A (1) and B (2), and four known compounds, quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)-α-rhamnoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside (3), ethyl α-galactopyranoside (4), adenine (5) and glycerol monostearate (6), were isolated. The structures of all isolated compounds (1–6) were determined by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The data of known compounds (3–6) were further compared with the reported data for these compounds.     

Chemical Constituents and Preliminary Antimalarial Activity of Humiria balsamifera

From stems and leaves of Humiria balsamifera St. (Aubl.) Hill (Humiriaceae) were isolated 6 triterpenes [arjunolic acid, 2β,3α-dihydroxy-D:A-friedooleanane, friedelin, α- and β-amyrins and lupeol], a flavonol (quercetin), an isocoumarin (bergenin) a diterpene (phytol), and 2 phytosteroids (sitosterol and stigmasterol)]. Three sesquiterpenoids [caryophyllene oxide (0.9%), humulene epoxide II (0.3%) and trans-isolongifolenone (0.6%)], a diterpene [phytol (29.4%)] and four aliphatic esters [methyl tetra- (0.3%), hexa- (26.6%) and octadecanoate (0.3%), and ethyl tetradecanoate (26.9%)] were identified by GC/MS. Some crude extracts, arjunolic acid and bergenin, were screened in vivo and/or in vitro for their antimalarial activities against a chloroquine resistant strain. Structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR experiments. All isolates, with the exception of the isocoumarin bergenin, and identified compounds as well as antimalarial activities, are described for the first time for this species.     

Screening of Mexican Medicinal Plants for Antiprotozoal Activity

The MeOH extracts from 19 Mexican medicinal plants belonging to different families have been assessed for antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. Five plant extracts, derived from Acalypha phleoides, Cnidoscolus tehuacanensis, Geranium niveum, Hellianthella quinquenervis and Teloxys graveolens, were found to possess significant activity against both protozoa, but were less potent than metronidazole. These findings tend to support the ethnomedical use of the species for the treatment of infectious diarrhoea in Mexican traditional medicine.     

Antidyslipidemic Activity of Hot‐water Extracts from Leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh

The antidyslipidemic activity of hot‐water extracts of Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaves (COE) were evaluated on hamsters fed a high‐fat diet. Oral administration of COE to hyperlipidemic hamsters reduced the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C) levels. Compared with hyperlipidemic hamsters, the plasma TC and TG levels of hamsters fed with COE at a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight for 5 and 10 weeks were significantly reduced to 12.63% and 34.25%, and 33.88% and 36.88%, respectively. Plasma LDL‐C was also reduced to 27.77% after 10 weeks feeding with the same regimen. Standard diagnostic tests indicated that the extracts did not cause damage to hamster liver or kidneys. Based on these results, it is concluded that COE possesses antidyslipidemic activity. The composition of COE was characterized. Two main compounds, kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐d ‐apiofuranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐α‐l ‐arabinofuranosyl‐7‐O‐α‐l ‐rhamnopyranoside (1) and kaempferitrin (2) were identified in the hot‐water extracts. Their contents were 7.56% and 9.95%, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近红外光谱法测定舒血宁注射液中总黄酮醇苷的含量

目的利用近红外光谱法快速测定舒血宁注射液中总黄酮醇苷的含量。方法采集舒血宁注射液NIR光谱,采用偏最小二乘法（PLS）进行回归,经内部交叉验证建立舒血宁注射液的NIR光谱与其主要成分总黄酮醇苷的HPLC法测定值之间的多元校正模型,预测总黄酮醇苷的含量。结果校正集样品浓度范围为0.760～0.890mg.mL-1。内部交叉验证决定系数（R2）为79.4,内部交叉验证均方差（RMSECV）为0.0154,外部验证均方差（RMSEP）为0.0233。结论本方法快速、简便,适用于药品的现场快检。     

Chemical Constituents from Kalanchoe hybrida and their Cytotoxicity

Objective:Kalanchoe hybrida(Crassulaceae)is naturalized throughout all the island of Taiwan in China.The preliminary bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract of K.hybrida exhibited that the chloroform and n-butanol fractions possessed potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7,NCI-H460,and SF-268 tumor cell lines at 50μg/m L concentration.Therefore,K.hybrida was selected as a target and the chemical constituents from the chloroform and n-butanol fractions of the crude extracts of K.hybrida were identified.The potential constituents were examined for their cytotoxicity against the tumor cell lines.Methods:A combination of conventional chromatographic techniques was performed on the crude extract of K.hybrida.The chemical structures of the purified constituents were identified on the basis of spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis.Results:The purification results had led to the characterization of totally 37 compounds.The isolated compounds 1,2,and 4–12 were examined for their cytotoxicity in vitro,and bufadienolides 4–8 and flavonol glycoside 11 displayed significant cytotoxicity towards all the tested tumor cell lines among these tested compounds.Conclusion:The results indicated that these principles should be responsible for the bioactivity of corresponding partial fractions.The potential constituents could be further investigated to explore the new natural lead drugs.     

Structures of two acylated flavonol glucorhamnosides fromGinkgo biloba leaves

The position of interglycosidic linkages of two acylated flavonol glucorhamnosides fromGinkgo biloba leaves was unambiguously determined as 1→2 linkages rather than 1→4 ones on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.     

Inhibition of tumour-promoter-enhanced 32Pi-incorporation into cellular phospholipids by flavonols from genus Chrysosplenium

Flavonol aglycones from the genus Chrysosplenium showed potential antitumour-promoter activity. Three flavonols, oxyayanin A and chrysosplenols D and E, markedly inhibited the incorporation of ³²Pi into phospholipids of confluent HeLa cells stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a potent tumour promoter. The potency of the flavonols proved to be similar to those of other antitumour-promoting flavonoids.     

薄层扫描法测定银杏叶中总黄酮醇甙的含量

银杏黄酮醇甙类水解而获得的甙元，用薄层扫描进行定量测定。测定波长３７０ｎｍ，参比波长６５０ｎｍ，回收率为９６．０％～９９．６％，ＲＳＤ为１．０３％～２．０８％。     

银杏叶片及银杏叶胶囊的质量分析及建议

目的 比较目前市场上不同厂家的银杏叶片及银杏叶胶囊样品,对质量差异进行分析,并对二者的质量标准提高和市场监管提出建议。方法 按照2015年版《中国药典》（一部）银杏叶片及银杏叶胶囊含量测定项方法测定了银杏叶片及银杏叶胶囊中总黄酮醇苷及萜类内酯的含量,按照国家药品监督管理局发布的银杏叶片及银杏叶胶囊相关补充检验方法,对银杏叶片及银杏叶胶囊中游离黄酮（槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素）及槐角苷检查项进行了测定,并对48家企业生产的328批银杏叶片及银杏叶胶囊的总黄酮醇苷、萜类内酯含量测定项以及游离黄酮、槐角苷检查项进行分析,比较不同批次及不同厂家银杏叶制剂的质量差异。结果 328批银杏叶片及银杏叶胶囊质量均符合标准规定,但总黄酮醇苷及萜类内酯含量分布范围均较宽,不同企业间样品质量差异较大。结论 建议各企业对工艺进行优化,对原材料进行严格控制,以保证样品的批间一致性。