玉屏风散对强的松反应及NSI型病程的影响——附58例分析

探讨中药玉屏风散加味对强的松不良反应的拮抗作用及对肾病综合征Ⅰ型的病程的影响 ,将病人随机分为玉屏风散加味治疗组(37例 ) 和对照组(2 1例 ) ,观察用药后 2、4、6周自汗、心悸症状及心率变化情况及治疗后 1年内各种感染次数 ,治疗 1年后强的松服药量及 2 4小时尿蛋白定量情况。结果 :治疗第 4、6周自汗、心悸症状发生率及心率治疗组均低于对照组 ,感染次数治疗组低于对照组 ,1年未服强的松量及其 2 4小时尿蛋白量均低于对照组 ,两组数据经统计学处理有显著性差异。结论 :玉屏风散加味能明显减轻强的松引起的自汗、心悸等不良反应 ,减少感染次数 ,缩短NSI型的病程。     

Quantified ultrastructural study of spermatozoa in unexplained failure of in vitro fertilization

Failure of in vitro fertilization or very low cleavage rates may occur even though oocyte and semen parameters seem satisfactory. Quantified ultrastructural study of spermatozoa was performed in such cases of failure (n =6) or low cleavage rate (<20%; n =4). Through 1 to 11 retrievals, the number of inseminated oocytes ranged from 14 to 145. The results were compared to those of six fertile men. Quantification was achieved by cataloguing cell defects of the spermatozoon heads and mid-/principal pieces of the flagella. Using the data from each specimen, the percentages of total cellular abnormalities in the head/mid-/principal pieces were established. At the level of the head overall percentages for six groups of defects were determined. The overall percentage of combined head abnormalities, defined as the presence of at least three of these six defects on the same spermatozoon head, was established. Statistical differences among control and patient groups were analyzed by nonparametric Mann—Whitney Utest. The percentages of anomalies of the midpiece and of the principal piece were not significantly different between patients and controls. Motility assessed by spermogram was considered functionally uncompromised. In eight patients the percentage of cell alterations of the head (93–100 vs 77.3 ± 6.4%) and the percentage of combined anomalies of the head (78.1–100 vs 60.8 ± 8.5%) were significantly different between patients and controls. In two cases, the percentages established for all head parameters considered were not globally different from those observed in controls. Thus in 8 cases of 10, electron microscopy with quantified analysis supplied valuable evidence about the poor quality of these sperm samples judged as normal under light microscopy and may provide an explanation for their impaired fertilizability. In the two other cases the fact that the sperm appeared to be ultrastructurally normal does not rule out functional sperm pathology. Alternatively, defects in the oocyte may also account for unexplained failures of in vitro fertilization.     

注射用熊胆粉对大鼠脑血栓的影响

目的观察注射用熊胆粉对脑血栓、脑缺血动物模型的影响。方法观察注射用熊胆粉iv给药后对大鼠大脑中动脉血栓模型、不完全性脑缺血、血小板、血栓形成、血瘀大鼠血液流变性的影响。结果注射用熊胆粉可明显抑制大鼠体内外血栓的形成,降低血液黏度,改善血液流变性,抑制血小板聚集,降低血小板黏附性,改善血栓性缺血脑组织病变程度,降低毛细血管通透性,且可降低损伤脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平,保护超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结论注射用熊胆粉对脑缺血有保护和治疗作用。     

The Effect of Severe Shot Peening on Fatigue Life of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

Severe shot peening (SSP) was used on additive manufactured 316L by laser powder bed fusion. The effect of the post processing on the surface features of the material was analyzed through residual stress measurements, tensile testing, hardness-depth profiles, and fatigue testing by flexural bending. The results showed that SSP can be utilized to form residual stresses up to −400 MPa 200 μm below the surface. At the same time, a clear improvement on the surface hardness was achieved from 275 HV to near 650 HV. These together resulted in a clear improvement on material strength which was recorded at 10% improvement in ultimate tensile strength. Most significantly, the fatigue limit of the material was tripled from 200 MPa to over 600 MPa and the overall fatigue strength raised similarly from a low to high cycle regime.     

双波长HPLC同时测定羚羊清肺散中4种有效成分的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱法同时测定羚羊清肺散中绿原酸、栀子苷、芍药苷和甘草苷的含量的方法。方法:采用双波长HPLC法,Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L·min-1,检测波长327 nm(绿原酸),237 nm(栀子苷、芍药苷、甘草苷)。结果:绿原酸、栀子苷、芍药苷和甘草苷4种成分进样量分别在1.579~78.96μg(r=0.999 8),1.261~63.04μg(r=1),0.364~18.2μg(r=0.999 9),0.329 6~16.48μg(r=0.999 9)与峰面积线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为97.6%,97.6%,97.1%和99.8%,RSD分别为1.0%,0.7%,1.2%和1.3%。结论:该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于羚羊清肺散的质量控制。     

基于相同载体体系的中药成分自乳化制剂的制备及其体外透皮吸收特性考察

目的:制备同时适合于黄芩素、黄连素及大蒜素3种中药成分的自乳化载体体系,并考察这3种自乳化制剂的体外透皮吸收效果。方法:采用饱和溶解度法、伪三元相图法、正交试验筛选最佳的空白处方组成及基质用量。以Franz扩散池和离体大鼠皮肤进行体外透皮吸收试验,采用HPLC分别测定3种自乳化制剂中黄芩素、黄连素及大蒜素的累积透皮渗透量,并分别与黄芩素散剂、黄连素散剂及大蒜素散剂进行比较。结果:最佳处方为油酸乙酯-聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油40-聚乙二醇400载体体系,所形成的自乳化制剂粒径适宜,其微观形态呈较规整的球形。透皮吸收10 h,黄芩素、黄连素及大蒜素3种自乳化制剂的药物透皮速率分别为6.898 6,7.600 4,190.040μg·cm~(-2)·h~(-1),累积透皮渗透量分别为71.38,85.54,1 795.16μg·cm~(-2)。结论:成功制备了不同种类中药成分均能使用的自乳化载体体系,且该自乳化制剂的体外透皮吸收效果良好,可为后续中药复方自乳化制剂的制备及其透皮给药吸收研究提供实验依据。     

基于化学指纹图谱-生物热活性图谱关联检测的注射用双黄连冻干粉针质量控制方法的初步研究

为了建立包括生物热活性检测在内的中药注射剂质量控制方法, 本文以注射用双黄连冻干粉针为模式药, 建立HPLC-ELSD特征图谱, 进行相似度评价; 采用微量量热法, 建立生物热活性图谱, 并提取相关生物热动力学参数 (达峰时间  T²_m ,  T_j和抑制率I%), 以相关系数法进行相似度评价。结果表明, HPLC-ELSD特征图谱不易区分不同贮藏条件下样品之间的微小差异, 特别是对生物污染样品基本无法辨识; 生物热活性图谱可以区别高温处理样品及污染变质样品, 并可以全面反映模型生物的热生物学信息, 提供了专属性较强的二维信息, 可作为化学特征图谱的有益补充。本文从质量均一性出发, 通过HPLC-ELSD特征图谱和生物热活性图谱关联检测对注射用双黄连冻干粉针进行质量控制, 为实现对中药注射剂质量变化的早期快速筛查, 预警其不良反应提供了技术参考。     

部分和全天遮盖治疗儿童单眼弱视首剂效应的疗效分析

目的:探讨单眼弱视患者每日部分或全天遮盖优势眼后首次复诊的疗效,评估不同遮盖量所产生的最大效能。方法:回顾性临床研究。连续收集我院2020-01/2021-12本院门诊治愈的单眼弱视患者135例。根据遮盖时间分为2h/d遮盖组、6h/d遮盖组和全天遮盖组,配合弱视眼精细目力训练,记录首剂效应(基线视力-首次复查视力)、治愈视力、首次复诊时立体视觉以及弱视眼治愈时间。并分析影响单眼弱视患者首剂效应的因素。结果:所有患者基线视力为0.4(0.22, 0.52),首次复诊视力为0.22(0.15, 0.3),首剂效应为0.1(0.08, 0.18),弱视达治愈时视力为0(-0.08, 0.05)。2h/d遮盖组患者首剂效应为0.08(0.07, 0.12),6h/d遮盖组为0.18(0.08, 0.3),全天遮盖组为0.10(0.08, 0.18),6h/d遮盖组首剂效应最显著(P<0.05);不同影响因素分析显示3～6岁组、7～12岁组、女性组、斜视性弱视组、轻中度弱视组的6h/d遮盖首剂效应值最高(P<0.05);同时,6h/d遮盖首剂效应与弱视眼治愈时间呈正相关(r     

两种肠道清洁剂用于结肠镜检前肠道准备的效果比较

目的探讨两种不同肠道清洁剂应用于结肠镜检查实际工作中的效果。方法将接受结肠镜检查的126例患者分为A组66例,B组60例,分别服用聚乙二醇电解质散和甘露醇,观察用药过程中肠道清洁度、镜检成功率以及不良反应。结果 A组肠道清洁度和镜检成功率优于B组,且A组的不良反应较少。结论聚乙二醇电解质散用于肠道准备效果满意,不良反应小,值得临床广泛应用。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metal Foams Fabricated via Melt Foaming and Powder Metallurgy Technique: A Review

Metal foams possess remarkable properties, such as lightweight, high compressive strength, lower specific weight, high stiffness, and high energy absorption. These properties make them highly desirable for many engineering applications, including lightweight materials, energy-absorption devices for aerospace and automotive industries, etc. For such potential applications, it is essential to understand the mechanical behaviour of these foams. Producing metal foams is a highly challenging task due to the coexistence of solid, liquid, and gaseous phases at different temperatures. Although numerous techniques are available for producing metal foams, fabricating foamed metal still suffers from imperfections and inconsistencies. Thus, a good understanding of various processing techniques and properties of the resulting foams is essential to improve the foam quality. This review discussed the types of metal foams available in the market and their properties, providing an overview of the production techniques involved and the contribution of metal foams to various applications. This review also discussed the challenges in foam fabrications and proposed several solutions to address these problems.