孕期沙眼衣原体、支原体感染治疗效果与胎儿状况相关性研究

研究孕期沙眼衣原体,支原体感染治疗效果与胎儿生长发育的关系。方法应用免疫荧光法对６００例孕妇宫颈分泌物行沙眼衣原体,支原体属抗原检测,阳性者对配偶行尿道分泌物检测,孕妇阳性者以口服红霉素治疗,观察治疗过程中,胎儿异常及低休 儿发生比较及与配遇感染的关系。     

红霉素肠溶微丸制备工艺

采用挤出—滚圆技术制备红霉素微丸丸芯，并用正交设计筛选其制备工艺；以甲基丙烯酸共聚物水分散体为包衣材料，建立微丸包衣数学模型指导包衣工艺。     

玉米粉水解物作为红霉素发酵培养基的研究

研究了摇瓶试验中玉米粉水解物替代葡萄糖发酵红霉素的最佳培养基组成。用均匀设计法得到发酵基础培养基的最佳配比(wB，％)：玉米粉3．6，黄豆饼粉2．0，玉米浆0．23，碳酸钙0．5，淀粉0．6；用正交试验得到了优化的补混合料配比(％)：玉米粉4．5，黄豆饼粉2．0，硫酸铵1．0，酵母粉2．0；并得到了玉米粉的最适水解条件。30t发酵罐放大实验结果表明，用玉米粉水解物替代葡萄糖作碳源发酵红霉素，发酵单位提高5．8％，综合生产成本降低26．0％。     

挤出造粒、气流包衣法制备包衣微粒剂Ⅳ.红霉素肠溶胶囊的研究

介绍了挤出、滚圆、气流包衣法制备红霉素肠溶微粒胶囊。该胶囊剂耐酸性好，人工肠液中释药快，在8名健康志愿者体内的AUC为市售红霉素肠溶片的1．99倍，且个体差异小。     

对贵刊刊登《阿奇霉素3日疗法治疗小儿急性支气管炎》一文的验证

笔者阅读了贵刊 2 0 0 0年 19卷第 6期 5 13页刊登《阿奇霉素 3日疗法治疗小儿急性支气管炎》一文后 ,深受启发 ,自 2 0 0 1年 3月～ 2 0 0 2年 8月对 10 6例急性支气管炎病儿进行了验证 ,结果报道如下。临床资料　 10 6例病例是我院门诊病儿 ,按国内统一标准[1] 选择确诊为急性支气管炎 (其诊断标准为 :发热、咳嗽、肺部罗音、胸片示两肺纹理增粗 )。10 6例病儿分为 2组 ,阿奇霉素组 5 6例 ,男性 33例 ,女性 2 3例 ,年龄 (4.1±ｓ 1.4 )ａ ,1～ 7ａ。红霉素组 5 0例 ,男性 2 9例 ,女性 2 1例 ,年龄 (4.6± 1.7)ａ ,2～ 9ａ。 2组病例在接受…     

红霉素A肟的新合成方法

目的 用一种全新的方法合成红霉素A肟(1)。方法 在酸碱缓冲溶液中由红霉素A(3)与盐酸羟胺缩合生成1。系统研究了反应体系的pH值、反应温度以及盐酸羟胺的加入量对反应结果的影响。同时对红霉素A肟化反应机理进行了推导。结果 红霉素A9—肟的收率达95％以上，产品纯度达92％。化合物1经红外、氢谱、碳谱、质谱鉴定，与文献报道相一致。结论 该方法有效地抑制了红霉素A的酸性分解，与文献方法相比，大幅度提高了反应的收率和产品的纯度。     

离子抑制色谱法测定琥乙红霉素含量及其有关物质

目的　建立离子抑制色谱法测定琥乙红霉素原料的含量及有关物质的方法 ,并研究其影响因素。方法　采用ZorbaxSB -C1 8色谱柱 ,以 0 .0 2mol·L- 1 KH2 PO4 乙腈 ( 4 5∶5 5 ,用氨试液调至pH 6 .8)为流动相 ,流速 1.2mL·min- 1 ,检测波长 2 10nm ,柱温 ( 30± 0 .5 )℃。结果　在选定固定相条件下 ,流动相对组分的洗脱和选择性影响最大 ,柱温次之 ,琥乙红霉素在乙腈中比较稳定。测定了有效主成分琥乙红霉素A的含量以及 7个有关物质的总含量 ,琥乙红霉素A的平均回收率为 99.4 5 %(RSD =2 .2 4 % ,n =5 )。结论　本方法可用于琥乙红霉素原料的含量测定和有关物质的检查。     

应用体内外相关性模型研究红霉素缓释微囊的体内外相关性

 目的 对红霉素缓释微囊的体内外相关性进行了研究,并对模型在预测体内数据方面的性能进行了考察。方法 应用美国缓、控释制剂专业委员会推荐的水平A、水平B两种体内外相关的模型。收集红霉素缓释微囊12 h的体外溶出数据。同时以家兔为实验动物,灌服微囊后收集血药浓度。应用水平A相关性模型,采用反卷积方法获得体内吸收百分数,并与体外溶出百分数进行比较。同时进一步运用基本的和扩展的卷积-反卷积方法对微囊的体内外相关性进行研究。对水平B相关性模型在药物相关性研究上的应用也进行了考察。结果 水平A模型和水平B模型都得到比较好的结果。结论 两种模型都能刻画体内外的相关性,水平A相关性模型可以得到较水平B相关性模型更多的关于药物体内外相关性的信息。     

Erythromycin treatment for gastrointestinal dysmotility in preterm infants

To report our clinical experience on the use of oral erythromycin for the treatment of severe gastrointestinal dysmotility in preterm infants.

Methodology:

A case series study of seven preterm infants (six were very low birthweight) with severe intestinal dysmotility in a tertiary neonatal centre.

Results:

All responded favourably without adverse effects and tolerated full enteral feeding within 1–2 weeks of the commencement of the drug.

Conclusions:

As prolonged total parenteral nutrition carries significant risk of complications, this therapy could be considered in selected preterm infants who fail to establish enteral feeding after an extended period, and in whom an anatomically obstructive lesion of the gastrointestinal tract has been excluded. Meanwhile, we would caution against the widespread implementation of this therapeutic approach until formal evaluation by randomized controlled trials have established the exact role of erythromycin, or its analogues, in the treatment of intestinal dysmotility in preterm infants.     

Ureaplasma urealyticum, erythromycin and respiratory morbidity in high-risk preterm neonates

We investigated colonization with Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) in infants <30 weeks gestation and assessed the relationship to other risk factors influencing respiratory morbidity, plus the effect of treatment with erythromycin. Ventilated preterm infants [ n = 155; median GA 26 (23–29) weeks] were cultured for Uu in endotracheal aspirate and nasopharynx. Colonized infants were randomly assigned to treatment with erythromycin 40mg/kg/d, intravenously or orally. The rate of colonization was 29/155 (19%) and the Uu-colonized infants had lower mean gestational ages than the culture-negative infants (25 vs 26 weeks). For the colonized infants PROM (48% vs12%), chorioamnionitis in the mother (46% vs 17%) and vaginal delivery (71% vs 29%) were more common. More colonized infants needed supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks'postconceptual age ( p < 0:05). Erythromycin treatment was effective in reducing colonization with negative control cultures in 12/14 (86%) of treated infants. No significant differences were found between the colonized treated infants ( n = 14) and those not treated ( n = 14) in time with supplemental oxygen. Oxygen requirement at 36 weeks was related to lower gestational age, late appearance of PDA, late onset sepsis and signs of chorioamnionitis in the mother. We conclude that the Uu colonization is related to increasing immaturity, the presence of prolonged rupture of membranes, signs of chorioamnionitis and vaginal delivery. Treatment with erythromycin reduced colonization but did not significantly alter length of time with supplemental oxygen.