我院1999年～2000年抗感染药物应用分析

目的分析抗感染药物的应用现状和发展趋势,以引导临床合理用药.方法对我院1999年～2000年抗感染药物种类、用量、金额和DDDs等进行归类统计、比较和分析.结果我院抗感染药物用药金额占全部药品金额的7.9%,β内酰胺类药物在用量、金额、DDDs排序中均列第1位;合资、进口药品分别为国产药品金额的7.8倍和5.6倍.结论分析结果对我院合理应用抗感染药物有一定的参考价值     

喘平缓释片体外释放与人体内吸收的相关性研究

目的: 研究喘平缓释片体外释放与人体内吸收的相关性。 方法: 以麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱为指标成分,体外采用转篮法结合HPLC测定喘平缓释片在不同pH介质中的累积溶出率;体内采用尿药法结合HPLC测定尿液中的药物浓度;应用Wagner-Nelson法评价喘平缓释片体内外相关性。 结果: 喘平缓释片人体内不同时间点的吸收百分数F与体外累积溶出率f的线性回归方程分别为F_麻黄碱=1.572 5f-20.729(R²=0.974 5),F_伪麻黄碱=1.237f-0.147 6(R²=0.959 5)。 结论: 喘平缓释片体内-体外相关性良好,体外释放度测定方法可用于控制喘平缓释片内在质量和预测其生物利用度。     

Anti-osteoporotic effect of Erythrina variegata L. in ovariectomized rats

The present study was designed to investigate whether Erythrina variegata L. (EV), which belongs to the leguminous family, exerted any beneficial effects on bone in ovariectomized rats. Daily oral administration of the EV extract at 300 and 600 mg/kg for 14 weeks to rats prevented the OVX-induced increase in the serum OCN, ALP, and urinary DPD levels. Histomorphometric analysis of the proximal end of the tibia showed that the EV extract prevented the estrogen deficiency-induced decrease in trabecular thickness and trabecular area, as well as restoring the increase in trabecular separation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the EV extract improved the energy absorption and stiffness of the mid-shaft of the rat femur. Thus, the present study clearly demonstrated that EV could suppress the high rate of bone turnover induced by estrogen deficiency, inhibit bone loss and improve the biomechanical properties of bone in the OVX rats.     

Aluminide Diffusion Coatings on IN 718 by Pack Cementation

This paper addressed the issues of both direct and indirect synthesis of Ni aluminides by pack cementation (pure Ni and IN 718 superalloy). On the Al-Ni diffusion twosome under pressure, at temperatures below and above the Al melting temperature, the appearance and evolution of diffusion porosity because of the Kirkendall–Frenkel effect manifestation was highlighted. It has been confirmed that, as the temperature rises above the Al melting temperature, the porosity decreases. Nickel-based superalloys, and in particular IN 718, significantly increase their performance by increasing the aluminides proportion in the top diffusion coating. This is made possible by changing the value of the Al and Ni weight percentage ratio in this area (noted as Al/Ni). In the case of the diffusion twosome between IN 718 and pack aluminizing mixtures, having in their composition as active components Al powder, Ferroaluminum (FeAl40) or mixtures of Al and Fe powders, at processing temperatures above the Al melting temperature, by modifying the active component of the mixture, substantial changes in the Al/Ni values were observed, as well as in the maximum %Al in the diffusion coating and of its thickness. It was found that, when switching from Al to FeAl40 or powder mixture (Al + Fe), the Al/Ni value changes between 3.43 and 1.01, from initial subunit values. The experiments confirmed that the highest %Al in the top aluminized diffusion coating, for IN 718, was obtained if the powder mixture contained 66.34 wt.% Al.     

我院1996年～2000年抗肿瘤治疗用药分析

目的:了解抗肿瘤治疗药物的应用现状,预测其发展趋势,为临床合理用药提供依据.方法:对本院1996年～2000年抗肿瘤药、免疫药品制剂、升白药用药数据,从药品金额、药理分类、用药排序等方面进行统计分析和比较.结果与结论:抗肿瘤药占药品年消耗总金额的26.86%～30.06%,抗肿瘤免疫制剂、升白药占药品年消耗总金额的19.04%～24.31%.抗肿瘤药、免疫制剂、升白药是目前肿瘤治疗的主要用药方向.     

Switching between biologics in severe asthma patients. When the first choice is not proven to be the best

During the last decades, new treatments targeting disease mechanisms referred as biologics have been introduced in the therapy of asthma and currently, five monoclonal antibodies have been approved. Although these therapeutic agents have been formulated to target specific asthma endotypes, it is often difficult for the treating physician to identify which patient is the best candidate for each one of these specific treatments especially in the clinical scenario of a patient in whom clinical characteristics overlap between different endotypes, allowing the selection of more than one biologic agent. As no head-to-head comparisons between these biologics have been attempted, there is no evidence on the superiority of one biologic agent over the other. Furthermore, a physician's first therapeutic decision, no matter how carefully has been made, may often result in suboptimal clinical response and drug discontinuation, indicating the need for switching to a different biologic. In this short review, we discuss the available evidence regarding the switching between biologics in patients with severe asthma and we propose a simple algorithm on switching possibilities in case that the physicians’ initial choice is proven not to be the best.     

Human airway and peripheral blood eosinophils enhance Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion

BACKGROUND: The effector function of eosinophils involves their release of toxic granule proteins, reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and lipid mediators. Murine studies have demonstrated that eosinophils can also enhance T cell function. Whether human eosinophils, in particular, airway eosinophils, have similar immunoregulatory activity has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether human blood and airway eosinophils can contribute to Th1 and Th2 cytokine generation from CD4+ T cells stimulated with superantigen. METHODS: Eosinophils were obtained from blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 48 h after segmental allergen bronchoprovocation. Purified eosinophils were co-cultured with autologous CD4+ blood T cells in the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Cytokine levels in the supernatant fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eosinophil expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and co-stimulatory molecules was assessed by flow cytometry before culture, 24 h after granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulation, and 24 h after co-culture with CD4+ T cells and SEB. RESULTS: Interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, and interferon (IFN)-gamma generation increased when CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with either blood or airway eosinophils in the presence of SEB. The ability of eosinophils to enhance cytokine generation was independent of their source (blood vs airway), activation by GM-CSF, or detectable expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, CD80, or CD86. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that SEB-induced generation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines is increased in the presence of human blood and airway eosinophils. Thus, eosinophils can have an immunoregulatory function in pathogen-associated allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, chronic sinusitis, and asthma exacerbations.     

安徽省儿童青少年高血压与体脂百分比关联性研究

目的 了解安徽省儿童青少年高血压的检出情况,分析其与体脂百分比的关联性。方法 对安徽省8 890名7~17岁中小学生进行了血压和皮褶厚度的测量,参考《中国高血压防治指南(2010年修订版)》中儿童高血压诊断标准评价儿童高血压情况,通过皮褶厚度计算体脂百分比。采用t检验、χ²检验和logistic回归分析体脂百分比与高血压的关联。结果 安徽省7~17岁中小学生高血压患病总人数(率)为1 210人(13.6%)。城市男生高血压患病率高于乡村男生,城市女生高血压总患病率高于乡村女生,城市男生高血压患病率高于城市女生,乡村男生高血压患病率高于乡村女生,差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为36.36、7.79、42.10和13.77,P<0.01)。城市男生体脂百分比高于乡村男生,城市女生显著高于乡村女生,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男女生在P₄₀~组和P₆₀~组OR值分别为1.65(95% CI:1.12~2.45)和1.75(1.27~2.42),男女生分别从体脂百分比P₄₀和P₆₀开始患病风险明显增加,且男女生的高血压患病风险总体上随着体脂百分比的增加而上升。结论 高体脂百分比会增加儿童青少年高血压患病风险。