凝胶法检测2种中药注射液中内毒素含量

目的:通过特异性及非特异性鲎试剂法对鱼腥草注射液及清开灵注射液的内毒素含量的检测,探讨特异性鲎试剂法检测中药注射剂中内毒素的可行性。方法:采用特异性和非特异性的鲎试剂,对不同批次的鱼腥草注射液、清开灵注射液进行检测。结果:特异性及非特异性的鲎试剂均可检测鱼腥草注射液,其无干扰的最小稀释倍数完全一致;用特异性鲎试剂可以检测清开灵注射液,而用非特异性鲎试剂不能检测。结论:在检测清开灵注射液内毒素含量时,用特异性鲎试剂代替非特异性鲎试剂进行检测是一种较为理想的优化方法。     

Effects of traditional herbal medicine, Hwaotang, on atherosclerosis using the spontaneous familial hypercholesterolemia model, Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic rabbits and the venous thrombosis rats

Hwaotang (HOT), a traditional Korean medicinal formulation, is a dried decoctum of a mixture of seven herbal medicines, consisting of Angelica gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Ciniamomi Cortex, Cnidii Rhizoma, Persicae Semen and Carthami Flos. In the present study, the inhibitory effects and anti thrombic properties of HOT on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions were studied using the spontaneous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) model, Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits and rats. Changes in blood chemistry, pathology and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were measured in a control and HOT group. In the control group, the area of atheromatous plaques of the aorta progressed between week 12 (36.65%) and week 14 (46.22%). This progression of atherosclerotic lesions did not occur in the HOT-treated group after 12 (24.24%) and 14 (23.34%) weeks. Antioxidative effects on LDL were seen in the HOT in weeks 12 and 14. HOT improved the hypercholesterolemia in the KHC rabbits. On the other hand, HOT and five of the seven herbs, except Cnidii Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, inhibited the endotoxin-induced hepatic venous thrombosis in high cholesterol diet-treated rats. However, Ciniamomi Cortex showed a very weak inhibitory effect on the endotoxin-induced hepatic venous thrombosis. The extract also inhibited the endotoxin-induced decrease in blood platelets and fibrinogen, and endotoxin-induced increase in fibrin degradation products (FDP) on disseminated intravascular coagulation in normal rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that HOT has inhibitory effects on the development of atheromatous plaque formation in spontaneous FH rabbits. It is also suggested that the antioxidative effects of HOT on LDL led to the beneficial effects observed in this study. The protection by HOT and its herbs on the artificially induced ischemic infarction might be related to their inhibitory effects on disseminated intravascular coagulation, platelet coagulation and thrombotic action.     

Study on modified shengmai yin injection for prevention and treatment of brain impairment in endotoxin shock rats

Objective:To examine the effects of modified Shenmai Yin on invigorating vital energy, promoting blood flow, and protection against neural impairment in an endotoxin-induced shock rat model. Methods: Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (saline 20 ml/kg), shock model (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 8 mg/kg), Reformed Shengmai Yin (加味生脉饮 Pulse-activating Decoction) (LPS 8 mg/kg + reformed Shengmai Yin Injection 10 ml/kg), and dexamethasone (LPS 8 mg/kg + dexamethasone 5 mg/kg) groups. Each group was subdivided into 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 6 h time points for observation. The carotid artery was separated and connected with a biological functional system to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP). Brain water levels, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also determined. Results: In the shock model group, MAP was progressively decreased after injection of LPS, brain water and MDA contents were increased, brain SOD activity was decreased, and capillary vessel edema in brain tissue was also observed. All these parameters were improved significantly in both treatment groups, although the effects were more marked with Shengmai Yin than with dexamethasone. Conclusion: Modified Shengmai Yin exhibits strong anti-shock and neuroprotective effects against Endotoxininduced shock.     

人参皂苷对创伤后脓毒症大鼠糖皮质激素受体的影响

目的研究人参皂苷对创伤脓毒症后糖皮质激素受体（GR）的影响。方法采用大鼠烫伤面积为30％总体表面积,深度为Ⅲ度,烫伤后12h经腹腔注射内毒素5mg／kg予以“二次打击”,用放射配体法研究人参皂苷对肝胞液GR结合活性和外周血白细胞GR结合容量的影响。结果“二次打击”后大鼠肝胞液GR结合活性和外周血白细胞GR结合容量显著下降,此过程随时间加重,各时相点与对照组比较差异非常显著（P〈0．01）;24、72h人参皂苷组肝胞液GR结合活性和外周血白细胞GR结合容量显著高于脓毒症组（P〈0．01）,但仍显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论烫伤和内毒素“二次打击”后肝胞液GR的结合活性和外周血白细胞GR结合容量显著下降,人参皂苷能提高创伤后脓毒症大鼠肝胞液GR的结合活性和外周血白细胞GR结合容量,拮抗炎症反应。     

动态浊度法测定间苯三酚注射液中细菌内毒素含量

目的探讨间苯三酚注射液的细菌内毒素定量分析法。方法采用2005年版《中国药典（二部）》中的动态浊度法。结果供试品稀释50倍可以排除干扰，回收率在50％～200％范围内，试验结果与家兔升温法的一致。结论用动态文度法测定闯苯三酚注射液的细菌内毒素含量准确有效。     

细菌内毒素国家标准品研制技术规范的介绍

目的 为保证细菌内毒素国家标准品的质量,规范研制工作,制定技术规范.方法 详细介绍细菌内毒素国家标准品研制要求及主要工作流程.结果与结论 进一步加强和规范了细菌内毒素国家标准品的管理工作.     

羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查的可行性研究

目的对羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液进行凝胶法干扰试验,建立羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素的检查方法。方法按2010年版《中国药典》(二部)"细菌内毒素检查法",用不同厂家的鲎试剂对不同批号的羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液分别进行干扰试验。结果羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液进行2倍以上稀释的溶液对细菌内毒素检查无干扰作用。结论羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液进行细菌内毒素检查是可行的。     

得力生注射液细菌内毒素检查法的探讨

目的 建立得力生注射液细菌内毒素检查法.方法 参照<中国药典>2010年版一部细菌内毒素检查法进行实验.结果 得力生注射液对渲试剂与细菌内毒素的凝聚反应无干扰作用.结论 本品采用渲试剂(凝胶法)进行细菌内毒素检查是可行的.     

腹腔巨噬细胞核因子转位在小鼠内毒素诱导葡萄膜炎发病中的作用

目的观察野生型C3H/HeN小鼠和Toll样受体4(TLR4)基因缺陷型C3H/HeJ小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞在脂多糖(LPS)刺激下激活状态的差异,从体外途径探讨TLR4传导信号在前葡萄膜炎发病中的可能作用机制。设计实验研究。研究对象健康成年C3H/HeN和C3H/HeJ小鼠。方法常规提取两种小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞体外培养,按处理因素不同随机分六组:C3H/HeN小鼠LPS组、正常对照组、抗TLR4单克隆抗体加LPS组、抗TLR4单克隆抗体组;C3H/HeJ小鼠LPS组、正常对照组。各组在不同处理后1h、3h、6h、12h、24h五个时间点通过免疫荧光组织化学染色进行观察。主要指标TLR4传导途径中关键分子TLR4、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)免疫荧光强度及表达位置差异。结果所有组TLR4均表达于细胞膜,MyD88表达于细胞质和细胞核。C3H/HeN小鼠LPS组和C3H/HeJ小鼠LPS组TLR4荧光强度比较,差异有统计学意义;余各组TLR4荧光强度两两比较,差异无统计学意义。C3H/HeN小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞LPS组随LPS刺激时间的延长,各观察时间点MyD88荧光强度逐渐减弱,总体差异有统计学意义;余各组各时间点MyD88荧光强度无明显变化。C3H/HeN小鼠正常对照组、抗TLR4单克隆抗体组,C3H/HeJ小鼠正常对照组腹腔巨噬细胞各时间点NF-κB均表达于胞质,C3H/HeN小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞LPS刺激1h后NF-κB表达于胞核,3h依旧表达于胞核,此后无法检测到NF-κB的表达。C3H/HeN小鼠抗TLR4单克隆抗体加LPS组、C3H/HeJ小鼠LPS组巨噬细胞经LPS刺激1h后NF-κB转移至胞膜,直至24h一直表达于胞膜。结论腹腔巨噬细胞TLR4传导途径中核因子的转位可能与前葡萄膜炎的发病有关,特异性阻断该途径或许为前葡萄膜炎的治疗提供新思路。     

早期肠内营养对休克后患者炎性反应的疗效研究

目的 研究早期肠内营养(EN)对休克患者内毒素及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的作用及全身炎性反应综合征(SIRS)的影响.方法 休克67例随机分为早期EN组和肠外营养(TPN)组,检测两组患者肠内营养治疗前、治疗后1、3、5 d血浆中内毒素与TNF-α水平;统计两组SIRS的持续时间与多器官功能障碍(MODS)的发生...