老年人脑微出血与收缩压晨峰的相关性

目的探讨收缩压晨峰对老年人脑微出血(CMB)的影响。方法 2008年4月~2009年10月于山东省医学科学院心脑血管病防治研究中心选择年龄≥60岁的健康体检的老年人408例。采用24h动态血压监测血压晨峰,根据收缩压晨峰,将受试者分为晨峰组169例[收缩压晨峰≥35mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)]和非晨峰组239例(收缩压晨峰<35mm Hg)。分别于2008~2009年(基线)、2010~2012年(随访)和2013~2015年(随访)共进行3次头颅MRI检查评估CMB。患者随访39~72(62.04±6.80)个月,将随访与基线比较,有新发CMB定义为CMB进展。用logistic回归分析影响因素,用Kaplan-Meier生存函数曲线分析,用多元Cox生存回归分析。结果晨峰组诊室收缩压、24h平均收缩压、昼间平均收缩压、昼间平均舒张压、收缩压晨峰、舒张压晨峰和LDL-C水平及CMB患病率显著高于非晨峰组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。logistic回归分析在校正相关混杂因素后,晨峰组患CMB的危险显著高于非晨峰组(OR=2.561,95%CI:1.142~5.743,P=0.019)。晨峰组累积CMB进展率显著高于非晨峰组(18.5%vs 7.6%,χ^2=7.954,Plog-rank=0.005)。在校正包括基线有无CMB在内的相关混杂因素后,晨峰组发生CMB进展的风险显著增高,是非晨峰组的2.353倍(95%CI:1.317~3.197,P=0.002)。结论收缩压晨峰是CMB患病及进展的独立危险因素,过高的收缩压晨峰促进老年人CMB的发展。     

Association of CD36 gene polymorphisms with echo- and electrocardiographic parameters in patients with early onset coronary artery disease

Introduction

CD36 plays an important role in long-chain fatty acid homeostasis in skeletal muscle and the myocardium. CD36 deficiency may lead to reduced myocardial uptake of long-chain fatty acid. Therefore, different mutations of the CD36 gene may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity of cardiac hypertrophy.

Material and methods

The objective of the study was to investigate whether there is an association between the sequence changes in CD36 and echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters in Caucasian patients with early onset coronary artery disease. The study group comprised 100 patients. Electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed in all patients. Amplicons of exons 4 to 6 including fragments of introns were studied using the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography technique.

Results

IVS3-6TC (rs3173798) heterozygotes had impaired left ventricle diastolic function. 573GA heterozygotes (rs5956) had higher frequency of pseudonormal left ventricular diastolic function and it was confirmed by the increase in wave A’ in the tissue Doppler. 591AT genotype was associated with borderline higher posterior wall end-diastolic thickness and lower E/A ratio. These results are consistent with electrocardiography parameters which could reflect left ventricular hypertrophy (higher R_V5(6) and R_V5(6) + S_V1(2) parameters, depressed ST segments and tendency to longer Qtc II interval) in 591AT heterozygotes.

Conclusions

Detected variant alleles of CD36 may be associated with features of left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function.     

动态心电图对体表心电图P-R间期延长的诊断价值

目的 探讨动态心电图对体表心电图P．R间期延长的诊断价值,分析P—R间期延长的临床意义和预后。方法选择2008年1月至2011年8月在昆明医学院第二附属医院住院和门诊心电图有P-R间期延长的患者90例为研究对象．监测其动态心电图。分析P．R间期的变化及阵发性心房颤动、房室结双径路传导、第二度I型房室阻滞、间歇性左右束支阻滞4类心律失常。并且根据P—R间期延长程度分为3组,对比其与上述4类心律失常的关系。结果动态心动图结果中伴发第二度I型房室阻滞2l例（23．33％）、房室结双径路传导17例（18．89％）、间歇性左右束支阻滞9例（10％）、阵发性心房颤动7例（7．78％）。在所有的患者中,P．R间期延长伴发上述4类心律失常发生率为60％。心电图结果中,P-R间期延长50例,显著延长29例,过度延长11例。动态心动图结果中。P。R间期延长32例,显著延长38例,过度延长20例。结论P—R间期延长不应均视为良性和无须干预的心律失常,相反,需要进行进一步动态心动图监测及电生理检查和追踪观察,争取早期发现病变、消除病变,为临床早期诊断、早期治疗提供辅助手段。     

新疆维吾尔族与汉族老年高血压患者靶器官损害特点分析

目的探讨新疆维吾尔族与汉族老年高血压患者靶器官损害的临床特点。方法选择年龄≥75岁的高血压患者264例,分为汉族组138例,维吾尔族组(维族组)1 26例。检测血压昼夜节律及血压负荷值,动态心电图检测心律失常、心率变异性,颈部多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度,并进行分析比较。结果与汉族组比较,维族组患者24 h平均动脉压、24 h收缩压负荷,昼夜平均收缩压、昼夜平均动脉压、夜间平均收缩压,房性期前收缩、短阵房性心动过速、缺血ST-T改变、平均心率、夜间心率均明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);汉族组颈动脉斑块和狭窄检出率明显低于维族组(P<0.05)。结论维吾尔族老年高血压患者血压偏高,易于合并冠心痛和(或)糖尿病,发生代谢紊乱、房性心律失常、心肌缺血及颈动脉斑块形成等靶器官损害的比率高于汉族,同时心率变异性减低。     

High‐Risk Electrocardiographic Parameters are Ubiquitous in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Background: The electrocardiogram (ECG) can be used to predict cardiovascular risk; however, like all risk factors with imperfect specificity, studies in low risk populations have been plagued by poor predictive accuracy. Although predictive accuracy might be improved among cohorts with a higher likelihood of cardiovascular events, this would also affect the prevalence of abnormal parameters and their exclusions. Method: To determine the magnitude of these changes in a cohort with ischemic cardiomyopathy we analyzed 15 previously validated high‐risk parameters from the resting and ambulatory ECG in subjects enrolled in the Prediction of Arrhythmic Events with Positron Emission Tomography (PAREPET) study (n = 198). Results: Using the published exclusion criteria from the validation studies (i.e., atrial fibrillation, persistent pacing, prolonged QRS), only 4 high‐risk ECG parameters (27%) could be evaluated in all subjects and only 42% of subjects could have all 15 ECG parameters assessed. Nevertheless, almost every subject (97%) had at least one abnormal parameter. On average, there were 3.4 ± 1.8 (range, 0–8) high‐risk ECG parameters per subject among the 11.7 ± 4.5 (range, 4–15) parameters that could be assessed. Conclusions: Thus, 34% of all assessable parameters were abnormal. In conclusion, a significant proportion of ECG parameters cannot be assessed in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, but high‐risk results are ubiquitous. The influence of these issues will be clarified when the results of the PAREPET study are available to actually determine the predictive value of these parameters on cause‐specific mortality in a high‐risk cohort.     

动态心电图判断室性早搏起源部位的分析

目的探讨12导联同步动态心电图（AECG）对室性早搏起源部位的定位价值。方法选择我院经12导联同步AECG检查明确诊断有频发单源室性早搏的患者90例,分析12导联AECG及该患者常规12导联心电图上室性早搏QRS波群形态的差异,对其起源部位分别进行初步定位,并与心内电生理检查结果进行对照分析。结果室性早搏起源于右室共65例,其中起源于右室流出道55例（占61．11％）、右室心底部5例（占5．56％）、右束支2例（占2．22％）、其他3例（占3．33％）,起源于左室流出道20例（占22．22％）、左室心底部3例（占3．33％）、左束支2例（占2．22％）。结论根据12导联同步AECG的室性早搏QRS波群的形态可以初步判断其起源部位,指导室性早搏射频消融治疗方式的选择。     

Haemodynamic and Pulmonary Function Following Mitral Valve Replacement

Haemodynamic and pulmonary functional data were recorded in 10 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement with the Björk—Shiley tilting disc valve. Within 48 hours after surgery, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 27.9 mmHg pre-operatively to 14.3 mmHg, while mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) remained elevated at 31.3 mmHg. Although the cardiac index rose to 2.9 1/min·m², pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased in the first 3 days. PAP and PVR had returned to normal at late control 6–10 months postoperatively. Vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second both showed a mean improvement of 15% at late control. Simple spirometry may be a valid indirect method of assessing easily and objectively the efficacy of mitral valve replacement.     

Ischemic QRS prolongation as a predictor of ventricular fibrillation in a canine model

Abstract

Objectives. An acute coronary occlusion and its possible subsequent complications is one of the most common causes of death. One such complication is ventricular fibrillation (VF) due to myocardial ischemia. The severity of ischemia is related to the amount of coronary arterial collateral flow. In dog studies collateral flow has also been shown to be associated with QRS prolongation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ischemic QRS prolongation (IQP) is associated with impending VF in an experimental acute ischemia dog model. Methods. Degree of IQP and occurrence of VF were measured in dogs (n?=?21) during coronary occlusion for 15?min and also during subsequent reperfusion (experiments conducted in 1984). Results. There was a significant difference in absolute IQP between dogs which developed VF during reperfusion (47?±?29?ms, mean?±?SD) and those which did not (12?±?10?ms; p?=?.001). Conclusions. IQP during acute coronary occlusion is associated with reperfusion VF in an experimental dog model and might therefore be a potential predictor of malignant arrhythmias in patients with acute coronary syndrome.     

心电图、超声心动图与冠状动脉造影在冠心病诊断中的比较研究

目的 评价心电图(ECG)、超声心动图(UCG)对冠心病的诊断价值。方法 选择216例冠状动脉造影检查的患者，造影前行ECG检查，测ST—T；行UCG检查，测左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、舒张早期充盈峰(E)、舒张晚期充盈峰(A)、E／A比值。结果 ECG与UCG诊断冠心病敏感性分别为90．3％，98．6％，特异性分别为20．8％，11．1％。结论 ECG、UCG对冠心病的诊断具较高的敏感性，且无创、费用低，可作为冠心病诊断的基本方法。