面向鲤鱼机器人控脑技术的磁共振坐标转换方法研究及应用

为解决鲤鱼脑组织坐标准确定位问题,本文提出一种将鲤鱼脑组织磁共振成像坐标转换为应用脑立体定位仪进行电极植入所需坐标的方法。本研究应用3.0T磁共振成像仪对鲤鱼颅脑成像,自主建立颅脑三维立体定位坐标系、颅骨表面辅助三维坐标系和脑组织内部辅助三维坐标系,经两次坐标转换,将脑电极植入位点磁共振图像坐标转换到三维立体定位坐标系中以引导电极植入。实验分A、B两组,A组为磁共振成像仪结合脑立体定位仪组,B组为脑图谱结合脑立体定位仪组,每组鲤鱼20尾(n=20),分别应用两种方法将电极植入小脑运动区。进行鲤鱼机器人水下实验检验,结果表明A组和B组植入电极准确度分别为90%和60%,A组成功率明显高于B组(P <0.05)。故本文的新方法能够准确定位鲤鱼脑组织的坐标。     

直接脑控多机器人协作任务研究

脑控是一种新的控制方法。传统脑控机器人主要是控制单个机器人完成特定任务,而脑控多机器人协作(MRC)任务是一个有待研究的新课题。本文介绍了参加世界机器人大赛"脑—机接口(BCI)脑控机器人比赛"获得"创新创意奖"的一个试验研究,试验设置了2个脑开关,采用基于稳态视觉诱发电位(SSVEP)的BCI(SSVEP-BCI)控制人形机器人和机械臂完成协作任务。通过10名受试者的控制试验结果表明,通过适当设置脑开关,采用性能优良的SSVEP-BCI能够实现MRC任务的有效完成。本研究可望为未来实用化的脑控MRC任务系统的研究提供启发。     

The Relationship Between Glycaemic Control and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Nigerian Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background

Metabolic risk factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and dyslipidaemia. Prevention or management of these risk factors with glycaemic control, weight reduction and low serum lipid levels respectively have been reported to reduce the risk of NAFLD or slow its progression. Since ultrasound (USS) is a safe and reliable method of identifying fatty changes in the liver, this study was done to determine the relationship between glycaemic control and ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD in T2DM.

Effectiveness of chemotherapy counselling on self-esteem and psychological affects among cancer patients in Malaysia: Randomized controlled trial

Objectives

The aim of this study was to implement and evaluate the outcomes of chemotherapy counselling based on the “Managing Patients on Chemotherapy” module on self-esteem and psychological affect (anxiety, depression) of cancer patients by pharmacists in ten selected government hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia.

Single-cell profiling of peanut-responsive T cells in patients with peanut allergy reveals heterogeneous effector TH2 subsets

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ER and aging—Protein folding and the ER stress response

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle which co-ordinates protein folding, lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage and release. Perturbations that disrupt ER homeostasis lead to the misfolding of proteins, ER stress and up-regulation of a signaling pathway called the ER stress response or the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is characterized by the induction of chaperones, degradation of misfolded proteins and attenuation of protein translation. Age-related declines and activity in key molecular chaperones and folding enzymes compromise proper protein folding and the adaptive response of the UPR. This review will highlight age-related changes in the protein folding machinery and in the UPR.     

Acute effects of localized muscle fatigue on postural control and patterns of recovery during upright stance: influence of fatigue location and age

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of fatigue location and age on changes in postural control induced by localized muscle fatigue, as well as the patterns of recovery post-fatigue. Groups of 16 younger (18–25 years) and 16 older (55–65 years) participants performed submaximal isotonic fatiguing exercises involving the unilateral ankle plantar flexors, knee extensors, and shoulder flexors, and bilateral lumbar extensors. Postural control was assessed during quiet upright stance, from center-of-pressure and center-of-mass time series obtained before and after the fatiguing exercises. Acute effects of fatigue differed between joints, with the most substantial effects evident at the lower back, followed by the ankle. Neither knee nor shoulder fatigue resulted in significant effects on postural control. Significant acute effects of fatigue were found only among the younger group. Recovery of postural control post-fatigue was influenced by age, being more rapid in the younger group, but not by fatigue location. Along with existing evidence, these results may facilitate the development of strategies to prevent occupational falls.     

Multi-objective blood glucose control for type 1 diabetes

For people with type 1 diabetes, automatic controllers aim to maintain the blood glucose concentration within the desired range of 60–120 mg/dL by infusing the appropriate amount of insulin in the presence of meal and exercise disturbances. Blood glucose concentration outside the desired range can be harmful to an individual’s health but concentration below 60 mg/dL, a state known as hypoglycemia, is considered to be more harmful than the concentration above 120 mg/dL, a state known as hyperglycemia. In this paper, two techniques to address this issue within a multi-parametric model based control framework are presented. The first technique introduces asymmetry into the objective function to penalize the deviation towards hypoglycemia more than the deviation towards hyperglycemia. The second technique is based upon placing higher priority on satisfaction of constraints on hypoglycemia than on satisfaction of constraints on hyperglycemia. The performance of both the control techniques is analyzed and compared in the presence of disturbances.     

产前筛查高风险的临床认识与干预策略

产前筛查是预防出生缺陷的第2道关键防线,必要的产前常规筛查是杜绝出生缺陷的手段.采用血清学对唐氏综合征妊娠早期筛查和妊娠中期联合筛查,神经管畸形筛查,分子生物技术对地中海贫血的筛查及确诊,产前超声对胎儿体表、内脏器官及骨骼畸形等先天性疾病筛查,从中发现高风险人群.并以生物遗传因素技术为主导,选择适时的产前诊断,提高对胎...     

Adherence rate to inhaled corticosteroids and their impact on asthma control

Background:  Poor asthma control is associated to high morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the association between adherence rates to beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and the degree of asthma control.
Methods:  A cohort concurrent study was carried out for 12 months with 122 asthmatic patients, aged 3–12 years, randomly selected in a pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic, who received BDP free of charge. Adherence rates were verified by pharmacy records. Clinical control was assessed through a scoring system comprised four variables (nocturnal and morning symptoms, limitation of physical activities and exacerbations). Total score was 16 points. Patients whose score was below or equal to two were considered controlled (group 1), and patients whose score was above or equal to three were considered uncontrolled (group 2). For patients able to perform spirometry, we considered as controlled the patients with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) equal to or above 80% of the predicted value, and as uncontrolled the patients with FEV₁ below 80%.
Results:  Fewer than half (40.3% maximum) of the 122 patients maintained asthma control. Median adherence rate of groups 1 and 2 were 85.5% and 33.8%, ( P  < 0.001) in the 4th month, 90.0% and 48.0% ( P  < 0.001) in the 8th month and 84.4% and 47.0% in the 12th month ( P  < 0.001), respectively.
Conclusion:  In all periods, there were statistically significant differences in adherence rates for maintaining or not maintaining the asthma control. Optimal asthma control entailed adherence rate higher than 80%. Strategies for reducing asthma morbidity should include a regular monitoring of adherence to inhaled steroids.