Interventions to promote optimal health outcomes in children with Type 1 diabetes—are they effective?

The incidence of Type 1 diabetes is increasing worldwide, imposing enormous public health costs, as well as profoundly affecting individual quality of life. There is evidence that psychological problems are increased in children with diabetes and this morbidity is often associated with poor metabolic control. Specific risk factors for this dual morbidity are emerging from empirical studies. The next challenge is to identify effective interventions for use with children at risk for adverse mental and physical health outcomes. The intervention literature is reviewed. It is noted that most studies have used diabetes-specific, unstandardized interventions in groups of adolescents, with few interventions trialled with younger children. No study has targeted a specific psychological disorder such as behaviour problems or depression, both of which are known to be increased in children with diabetes and for which effective standardized interventions are available. Attention is drawn to methodological limitations in many of the studies conducted to date and suggestions made to reduce these in future interventions attempting to reduce the burden of illness in children with diabetes.     

应用QQC活动提高儿科静脉穿刺成功率

目的提高静脉穿刺成功率，减少患儿因反复穿刺造成的痛苦及恐惧，减轻家长因担心穿刺困难而产生的焦虑，提高治疗和抢救的效率。方法详细介绍了QQC活动在提高儿科静脉穿刺成功率的应用，包括找出目前存在的问题，确定目标、采用流程图的方法分析问题存在的原因，制定相应的质量改进方案，并测量实施结果。结果实施QQC活动后静脉穿刺成功率比实施前明显提高。结论有效的QQC活动可以提高静脉穿刺成功率。     

胶体金免疫层析法检测尿hCG的质量控制方法探讨

目的通过对胶体金免疫层析法（GICA）试纸条评价,建立该方法的检测尿hCG的室内质控.方法利用hCG不同浓度的标准品评价试纸条的敏感性、重复性、稳定性、检测范围,检测温度及时间对试纸条检测尿hCG结果的影响等.结果GICA的检测范围25-100万mlU/ml,最低检出限达25mIU/ml,大于200万mIU/ml时存在后带现象.试纸条反应5分钟后呈色均一,最佳检测温度为4-30℃.结论灵敏度检测可作为GICA室内质控的主要指标,它能保证检测结果的准确性.     

健脾止泻饮治疗糖尿病腹泻32例观察

目的:观察自拟健脾止泻饮治疗糖尿病腹泻的临床疗效。方法:治疗组32例用健脾止泻饮治疗,对照组30例用维生素B1、复方苯乙呱啶、盐酸黄连素治疗。结果:治疗组总有效率93.8%,对照组总有效率56.7%,两组比较有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:健脾止泻饮治疗糖尿病腹泻有较好疗效,且无不良反应和毒副作用。     

Development of the Diploma in Clinical Dentistry (Conscious Sedation and Pain Control) Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney

The Diploma in Clinical Dentistry (Conscious Sedation and Pain Control) of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, is the first dedicated programme devoted to this field in Australia. Its development followed a decision by the Dental Board of New South Wales to require a formal qualification from the University of Sydney before dental practitioners could offer sedation and pain management in practice.
The programme is conducted at Westmead Hospital in conjunction with the Department of Anaesthetics, and satisfies the guidelines developed by the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons and the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
The course is conducted either over one or two years, with block sessions requiring attendance at Westmead Hospital, together with assignments which are completed outside the block sessions. In this way, a dental practitioner enrolled in the programme is able to continue practice.
The block sessions need not be completed over one year, but must be completed within two years.     

凯素灵胶悬剂浸泡蚊帐防治侵入实验小屋蚊虫的研究

1900年夏,在扬州市郊,利用特建的实验小屋,以牛为引诱动物,进行了凯素灵胶悬剂浸泡蚊帐对侵入室内蚊虫毒杀和兴奋驱避作用的研究。按40mg ai/m~2处理1～84天后,结果表明对中华按蚊和三带喙库蚊均有较好的毒杀作用。毒杀作用下降主要表现在对外逃蚊虫上,而对留存在室内的蚊虫,毒杀效果持久、稳定,试验期间,留存室内的中华按蚊的死亡率均达80％以上,结果优于三带喙库蚊和同等剂量的溴氰菊酯乳剂。结果还表明,侵入处理小屋蚊虫数比对照小屋减少,窗阱外逃率大大高于对照小屋,说明凯素灵胶悬剂浸泡蚊帐,对蚊虫具有兴奋驱避作用。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术开展初期质量控制的临床研究

目的探讨如何控制腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）开展初期的并发症及中转率。方法制定八条质量控制措施，总结分析568例LC临床资料。结果并发症6例，仅占1．2％，中转手术8例，中转率仅1．6％。结论在开展LC初期只要加强质量控制，完全可以避开高并发症、高中转率这种所谓的自然规律。     

Robust fixed‐order H2 controller for micro air vehicle—design and validation

Design and real‐time validation of a robust fixed‐order H₂ optimal controller for micro aerial vehicle, named Sarika‐2, is presented. Strengthened discrete optimal projection equations, which approximate the first‐order necessary optimality condition, are used for the controller design. Effect of low‐frequency gust disturbance and high‐frequency sensor noise is alleviated through the output sensitivity and control sensitivity minimization. The novelty of this paper is that a single robust H₂ controller, which is designed at the central operating point, ensures simultaneous stabilization of the radio‐controlled aircraft over the entire cruise speed range of 16–26 m/s. The controller is implemented on a digital‐signal‐processor‐based flight computer, and subsequently, it is validated through the real‐time hardware‐in‐loop‐simulation. The responses obtained from the hardware‐in‐loop‐simulation compares well with those obtained from the off‐line simulation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

避孕措施与细菌性阴道病关系的研究

目的：探讨避孕措施与细菌性阴道病（BV）的关系，为预防BV、指导选择避孕措施提供依据。方法：对某医院妇科门诊接受计划生育服务的育龄妇女非选择性地进行BV筛检。以筛检出的267例BV患者为病例组，其余478例未患BV且无BV史的妇女为对照组进行病例对照研究。结果：与未采用避孕措施者比较，单因素logistic回归分析显示：BV与IUD有正关联，而与避孕套、口服避孕药（OC）无关联。经婚姻状况、性卫生、性行为习惯调整后，BV与IUD的关联仍有统计学意义（OR=2．364，95％C1：1．216～3．620），但与OC及避孕套使用无关。同IUD使用者比较，BV与避孕套使用呈负关联，调整后的OR=0．299（95％C1：0．158～0．566）；BV与OC使用间无关联。结论：使用IUD与未采用避孕措施者比较可能增加BV发生的危险，而避孕套使用者发生BV危险低于IUD使用者。无论从避孕还是预防BV角度，避孕套均是一种较好的选择。