DNA repair and repair diseases: between molecular models and clinical reality

To study the biological mechanisms of the repair of the radiation-induced DNA damage leads to two major medical applications: (1) the identification of the radiosensitive patients by using appropriate predictive assays in order to avoid toxicity due to radiation therapy and sometimes to chemotherapy; (2) the decrease of the radioresistance of tumour cells to obtain a better local control. To transpose fundamental biological knowledge from experimental in vitro clinic is delicate and sometimes too hasty, though necessary. In mechanistic terms, clinical features are once again a very rich and under-exploited approach to identify the molecular mechanisms of the DNA repair function. An exhaustive survey of the clinical cases of radiosensitivity with biological samples and with long course surveillance is an inverse approach, probably promising but still difficult to apply. Unlike classical reviews, this article attempts to identify the major genetic syndromes associated with radiosensitivity and cancer predisposition in order to deduce the different stages of major mechanisms of DNA double-strand breaks repair. Emphasis is placed on the importance of studying this repair at the functional level. Surprisingly, among the genetic syndromes associated to radiosensitivity there are some anomalies, not linked to DNA repair itself but to the intracellular trafficking. The repair function but therefore also the signalling are then logically therapeutic targets applicable in radiotherapy but with a very accurate ballistic sparing of the healthy tissues.     

自拟腰扭Ⅱ号治疗腰部扭挫伤后迁延性慢性腰痛的疗效观察

目的：观察自拟腰扭Ⅱ号治疗腰部扭挫伤后迁延性慢性腰痛的临床疗效.方法：60例符合诊断标准的患者给予腰扭Ⅱ号汤剂,1剂/d,分2次口服.14日为1个疗程,1个疗程后统计疗效.结果：60例中,治愈42例（占70%）,好转18例（占30%）,总有效率为100%.结论：自拟腰扭Ⅱ号治疗腰部扭挫伤后迁延性慢性腰痛疗效显著,值得临床推广应用.     

Influence of chronic hepatic failure on disposition kinetics of valproate excretion through a phase II reaction in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride

The influence of chronic hepatic failure on the disposition kinetics of valproate (VPA) excretion via a phase II reaction was examined in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (1.0 mg/kg, s.c., 3 times a week) for 2 or 3 months. There was no significant difference in the plasma concentration-time courses of VPA among the control and two treated groups up to 120 min after i.v. administration of VPA (75 mg/kg), but subsequently the plasma concentrations of the treated groups declined significantly below the control levels. Expression of Mrp2 mRNA in the liver of the treated groups was significantly lower than in the control group; conversely that in the kidney was significantly higher. The enzyme activity of UGTs in the liver of the treated groups decreased significantly, but UGT1A8 mRNA expression in the duodenum was increased about 3-fold. Cumulative excretion of VPA glucuronide (VPA-G) in bile of the treated groups was reduced significantly, while that in urine was markedly increased. In conclusion, the area under the VPA plasma concentration-time curve was decreased significantly in rats with chronic hepatic failure owing to increased excretion of VPA-G via the kidney as a result of induction of Mrp2, and inhibition of enterohepatic circulation of VPA-G.     

Comparison of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium in normal and dehydrated rabbits

Two different salts of diclofenac, diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium, in tablet dosage form were tested for their bioavailability and disposition kinetics in a group of eighteen rabbits in normal and experimentally induced dehydrated conditions with a wash out period of 7 days between both stages of study.  Biochemical and physiological parameters were also measured in both normal and dehydrated states.  Diclofenac levels in plasma were determined using a validated reversed phase HPLC method.  Primary kinetic parameters i.e.  AUC_0－¥, C_max, T_max and other disposition kinetics were obtained with non-compartmental procedure.  Biochemical parameters i.e. packed cell volume, plasma glucose and total lipid concentration in dehydrated rabbits increased significantly.  Plasma concentration of diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium decreased significantly in water deprived rabbits.  In comparison, diclofenac potassium in normal and dehydrated state of the same group of rabbits showed a significantly increased plasma concentration when compared with diclofenac sodium.     

辅导机构中学生时间管理倾向与自尊、学习满意度分析

目的 考察辅导机构中学生时间管理倾向与学习满意度、自尊的关系.方法 采用时间管理倾向量表和自尊、学习满意度量表对160名学生进行调查.结果 ①年级与时间监控观(r=-0.295,P＜0.05)和学习满意度(r=-0.279,P＜0.05)呈显著负相关.②时间效能感(F=5.431,P＜0.01)、时间监控观(F=2.382,P＜0.05)和学习满意度(F=2.536,P＜0.05)在自尊不同水平上均存在显著差异.③时间效能感对学习满意度的标准回归系数(r=0.428,P＜0.01)达到显著性水平.结论 时间管理倾向中的时间效能感对辅导机构中学生学习满意度具有显著的预测作用.     

大学生网络效能感与时间管理倾向的关系

目的:初步考察大学生网络效能感与时间管理倾向之间的关系。方法:采用大学生网络效能感问卷、青少年时间管理倾向问卷对348名男生,288名女生进行测量。结果:大学生在网络效能感各维度上均表现出显著的性别差异,男生网络效能感显著高于女生;网络自我效能感与时间管理倾向之间存在显著正相关;反馈性、优先级、时间管理行为效能对大学生网络效能感有显著预测作用。结论:大学生网络效能感存在显著的性别差异;大学生的时间监控感和时间效能感是网络效能感的有效预测因素。     

浙江省高师学生时间管理倾向与心理健康水平的相关研究

本研究采用黄希庭教授等编制的《青少年时间管理倾向量表》和吴文源修订的SCL-90量表对浙江省高师学生进行调查研究。结果表明：①时间管理倾向高低分者在心理健康的躯体化、忧郁这两个因子上存在显著差异性，在敌对这个因子上存在极其显著差异性。②时间管理倾向总分与人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执、精神病性这些因子有显著负相关，时间监控与心理健康的9个因子存在着显著性负相关。③心理健康的总症状指数分别与时间管理倾向总得分、时间监控现存在显著性负相关。④时间管理倾向中的时间监控观对心理健康总体水平具有一定的预测功能。     

合理配置强化监管提高大型医用设备使用效率

2004年12月31日,卫生部、国家发展和改革委员会、财政部联合颁布了<大型医用设备配置与使用管理办法>,新管理办法与原<大型医用设备配置与应用管理暂行办法>相比,有许多新的特点和要求.贯彻落实好文件要求,需要注意抓好一些关键环节.