Herbal medicinal products for inflammatory bowel disease: A focus on those assessed in double‐blind randomised controlled trials

Inflammatory bowel disease patients frequently use herbal products as complementary or alternative medicines to current pharmacotherapies and obtain information on them mainly from the internet, social media, or unlicensed practitioners. Clinicians should therefore take a more active role and become knowledgeable of the mechanisms of action and potential drug interactions of herbal medicines for which evidence of efficacy is available. The therapeutic efficacy and safety of several herbal medicines have been studied in double‐blind randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Evidence of efficacy is available for Andrographis paniculata extract; curcumin; a combination of myrrh, extract of chamomile flower, and coffee charcoal; and the Chinese herbal medicines Fufangkushen colon‐coated capsule and Xilei san in patients with ulcerative colitis; and Artemisia absinthium extract and Boswellia serrata resin extract in patients with Crohn's disease. However, most of this evidence comes from single small RCTs with short follow‐up, and the long‐term effects and safety of their use have not yet been established. Thus, our findings indicate that further appropriately sized RCTs are necessary prior to the recommended use of these herbal medicines in therapy. In the meantime, increasing awareness of their use, and potential drug interactions among physicians may help to reduce unwanted effects and adverse disease outcomes.     

试论现代中药衍生的“有效部位配伍”新药模式

作为现代中药开发的新模式——“有效部位配伍”的研究思路已由传统发掘中药（复方）有效部位转化为开发以中医药理论或现代医药理论指导下的中药微观复方。同时其研究目标和方法也得到更新,具体包括治疗疾病目标化、配伍比例优选化、组分类型标准化、协同与拮抗明确化、毒性和副作用最小化。根据目前“有效部位配伍”模式研究的现状提出了需完善之处,旨在探究有效部位配伍组方的新药模式,丰富中医药理论内涵,推动中医药现代化发展进程。     

玉树抗震救灾中高原病防治的经验

本文分析玉树高原地震救援部队急性高原病发病情况和发病原因,并揭示高原灾害救援卫勤工作中存在的问题。据此,结合既往研究成果和此次工作经验,从勤务保障、部队抽组、防病制度、宣传教育等方面,提出高原地震灾害救援中救援部队急性高原病防治的防治策略。     

基于 Kaiser 模型的某三甲医院灾害脆弱性分析

目的：通过开展针对南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院的灾害脆弱性研究,明确医院的脆弱性所在,进一步提高医院危机应对能力,并制订完善相应的预案。方法医院灾害分析小组组织中层干部,根据灾害脆弱性评分标准进行培训及调查,对灾害风险评分,使用改进后的 Kaiser 模型计算出危害相关风险值,对结果进行评估。结果统计结果表明,医院灾害相关风险值排在前5位的灾害事件,分别是暴力性医疗纠纷、流行病暴发、信息系统故障、医疗感染暴发、电力事故,从而明确需要重点应对的突发灾害事件。结论医院根据分析结果,从灾害医学的角度出发,加强对各部门预案的整合修订,提高对各类灾害性事件的抵御能力,以及对突发事件的应急处置能力;将灾害对医院运行的影响降低到最低,从而更好地保障医疗安全,提高医疗质量。     

雷公藤减毒研究进展

雷公藤为治疗类风湿性关节炎常用中药,具有清热解毒,祛风除湿,消肿止痛,杀虫止痒的功用,现代药理研究表明其具有抗炎、镇痛、抗肿瘤及免疫调节等作用,临床主要用于治疗免疫性疾病、肾脏性疾病、皮肤性疾病等,对类风湿性关节炎的疗效尤为显著。但严重的毒副作用,尤其是肝肾毒性,限制了其临床应用,成为迫切需要解决的难题,故雷公藤的减毒研究成为近年来的研究热点。本课题组主要研究雷公藤的经皮给药对其减毒增效的作用,但目前雷公藤的应用困境仍然没有得到改善,故对2006年至2016年近10年来雷公藤减毒研究的相关文献进行检索,包括传统的炮制减毒、配伍减毒和现代的制剂减毒、结构修饰减毒、生物技术减毒以及其相互的联合应用等,分析雷公藤的减毒现状和困境,对比现存减毒方式间的差异,为雷公藤减毒增效研究提供思路,促进其合理开发和临床安全应用,也为其他有毒中药的合理应用提供参考。     

急诊护士灾害护理能力评价指标构建研究

目的 构建我国急诊护士灾害护理能力评价指标体系.方法 通过理论材料及相关文献选定评价指标体系框架,结合专家访谈了解急诊护士灾害护理能力的相关概念、职责和评价指标.运用Delphi法对30名专家进行两轮函询,构建急诊护士灾害护理能力评价指标.结果 两轮函询问卷有效回收率均为100.00％,专家的权威系数为0.883,判断...     

冠益嗪抗实验性心律失常的作用

冠益嗪iv可显著地对抗BaCl_2及氯仿-肾上腺素诱发的心律失常;提高豚鼠对哇巴因的耐受量;预防氯仿诱发的小鼠室颤及大鼠结扎冠状动脉后早期心律失常的发生。冠益嗪明显减慢大鼠心率,拮抗异丙肾上腺素的正性变时作用。离体实验表明:冠益嗪可显著地降低大鼠左心房的自律性、兴奋性,延长其不应期,增强心肌收缩力;对右心房有显著的负性变时作用。     

海洋天然产物研究概述

近年来海洋天然产物越来越引起科学家们的注意,在浩瀚的海洋中存在着大量令人激动、活性独特、结构新颖的次生代谢产物。海洋天然产物已成为发现重要先导药物和新的生物作用机制的主要源泉。对目前海洋天然产物研究概况进行综述,其中重点介绍大环内酯类和聚醚类等化合物。     

天然药物活性成分的生物合成与生物转化

生物活性成分是中药防病治病的物质基础,也是中药现代化研究的重要内容之一。生物合成与生物转化以其公认的高效和高选择性的温和催化体系的特征正在中医药学等学科领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。探讨了天然药物活性成分的生物合成和生物转化与中药现代化的关系及其诸多应用(尤其中药和天然药物研究),并进行了探索性展望。     

Intra-Ethnic Disparities in Respiratory Health Problems Among Hispanic Residents Impacted by a Flood

Objectives. The primary objective of this article is to assess the respiratory health impacts of a flood disaster on Hispanic people residing in the United States, with a focus on intra-ethnic disparities related to age, sex, socioeconomic status, mold exposure, family conflict, English-language proficiency, and a lack of US citizenship. Methods. Data were collected in 2010 after a flood disaster (2006) in El Paso County (Texas), which has a Hispanic majority population. A mail-out population-based survey was used retrospectively to assess respiratory health impacts for 363 people residing in 176 self-identified Hispanic households impacted by the flood; logistic regression was utilized to assess intra-ethnic health disparities in flood impacts. Results. About 41% of individuals experienced one or more post-flood respiratory health problem. Lower income (OR = 0.532,p = .002), mold exposure (OR = 2.267, p < .001), increased family conflict (OR = 1.452, p = .025), English-language proficiency (OR = 4.023, p < .001) and a lack of US citizenship (OR = 13.111, p = .013) were significantly associated with higher odds of respiratory health problems in the regression model. Conclusion. Statistical findings provide evidence of intra-ethnic disparities in post-flood respiratory health status. Specifically within this Hispanic sample, individuals with lower household incomes, whose homes were covered by larger surface areas of mold, and whose families were characterized by increased tension experienced higher odds of post-flood respiratory health problems. Interestingly, greater English-language proficiency and lacking US citizenship were also risk factors. Given that this is one of the first studies of intra-Hispanic disparities in health following a US-based disaster, the findings underscore the importance of considering diversity within the US Hispanic population when studying environmental and post-disaster respiratory health.