新显色剂5-APAQ分光光度法直接测定药品中的残留钯

 目的：建立一种药品中有害杂质钯残留量的测量技术。方法：采用新试剂5-（对-胂酸基苯偶氮）-8-氨基喹啉（5-APAQ）与钯发生络合反应显色，用分光光度法进行测量。结果：在pH10～14的水溶液中，显色络合物的最大吸收波长为653nm，摩尔吸收系数为1．05×10⁵，吸光度与钯含量在0μg·ml^－1～1．2μg·ml^－1成线性关系。结论：实验证明，本方法特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便快捷。     

洪涝灾害对灾民腹泻影响因素的Logistic回归分析

１９９６年８月３日至４日，河北省８个市９１个县１５１７万人口遭受洪涝灾害，对其中２０个县４０个乡８０个自然村２０８０户，７９０８名灾民进行腹泻调查，发现腹泻９３９例，人群罹患率为１１．８７％。对全部调查对象进行腹泻影响因素调查，并对共用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析，结果发现灾区为平原、村进水或被水围、水源不以自来水为主、洪水时未组织有效地井水消毒和户内饮水消毒以及消毒不及时，当时降雨量、家庭有腹泻病人     

中草药专属性对照物质的研究

目的 :建立中草药专属性对照物质 (CSPD)用于其基原鉴定。方法 :选择具有代表性的 3种中草药 ,采用规范化的程序获取其专属性CSPD ;通过对不同来源的同种中草药CSPD的¹H-NMR图谱的比较分析 ,并对各中草药CSPD化学成分的分离和结构鉴定 ,实现对其整体化学组成的表达。结果 :3种具有代表性的中草药的CSPD的¹H-NMR图谱均有高度的特征性和重现性 ,并主要显示各中草药特征性成分的共振信号 ,与各中草药的基原严格相关。结论 :按照本研究操作程序 ,可以获得对多数中草药具有鉴别意义的专属性CSPD ,作为对其基原鉴定的参考。     

灾难医学救援组织管理研究

通过分析灾难医学救援工作的特点,阐述了其组织管理的重要意义,并提出了灾难医学救援组织管理工作的主要内容,包括准备阶段的组织管理、灾难现场的组织管理、医疗机构的组织管理和灾后的组织管理。     

差示扫描量热法测定7种药物纯度

目的用差示扫描量热(DSC)法测定药物纯度及探讨影响测定结果的因素。方法用DSC法测定吲哚美辛等7种不同类别药物的纯度,并与《中国药典》规定方法结果进行对照。结果DSC法测定药物纯度的准确性好;试药的用量、纯度、升温速度对测定结果产生影响。结论本法测定高纯度药物简便、结果准确。     

现代化是中药与植物药发展的必由之路

本文就我国中药与植物药如何逐步实现现代化提出一些管见,如什么是中药现代化的过程,中药现代化要从国内、国外两个层面着手,不同地区和不同厂家要扬长避短,选择优势项目等方面进行了论述,以供讨论。     

Evaluation of a method to determine the natural occurrence of aflatoxins in commercial traditional herbal medicines from Malaysia and Indonesia

Traditional herbal medicines, popularly known as ‘jamu’ and ‘makjun’ in Malaysia and Indonesia, are consumed regularly to promote health. In consideration of their frequent and prolonged consumption, the natural occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) in these products was determined using immunoaffinity column clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization. The evaluated method, which entails dilution of sample extracts with Tween 20–phosphate buffered saline (1:9, v/v) and a chromatographic system using isocratic mobile phase composed of water–methanol–acetonitrile (70:20:10, v/v/v), was effective in separating AFB₁, AFG₁ and AFG₂ from interference at their retention times. Results were confirmed using post-column derivatization with photochemical reactor. For 23 commercial samples analyzed, mean levels (incidence) of AFB₁, AFB₂ and AFG₁ in positive samples were 0.26 (70%), 0.07 (61%) and 0.10 (30%) μg/kg, respectively; one sample was positive for AFG₂ at a level of 0.03 (4%) μg/kg. In contrast to the high levels of AF in crude herbal drugs and medicinal plants reported previously by other researchers, the low contamination levels reported in this study may be attributed to the higher selectivity to AF of the method applied. Based on the AFB₁ levels and the daily consumption of positive samples, a mean probable daily intake of 0.022 ng/kg body weight was calculated.     

Are Essential Medicines in Malaysia Accessible, Affordable and Available?

Objective: To assess the pharmaceutical sector to know whether people have access to essential medicines. Setting: The study was conducted in 20 public health clinics, five public district drug stores and 20 private retail pharmacies selected randomly in five different areas randomly selected (four states and a federal territory). Method: The methodology used was adopted from the World Health Organization study protocol. The degree of attainment of the strategic pharmaceutical objectives of improved access is measured by a list of tested indicators. Access is measured in terms of the availability and affordability of essential medicines, especially to the poor and in the public sector. The first survey in the public health clinics and public district drug stores gathered information about current availability of essential medicines, prevalence of stock-outs and affordability of treatment (except drug stores). The second survey assessed affordability of treatment in public health clinics and private retail pharmacies. Main Outcome Measure Availability, stock-out duration, percent of medicines dispensed, accessibility and affordability of key medicines. Results The average availability of key medicines in the public health clinics for the country was 95.4%. The average stock-out duration of key medicines was 6.5 days. However, average availability of key medicines in the public district drug stores was 89.2%; with an average stock-out duration of 32.4 days. Medicines prescribed were 100% dispensed to the patients. Average affordability for public health clinics was 1.5 weeks salary and for the private pharmacies, 3.7 weeks salary. Conclusions: The present pharmaceutical situation in the context of essential medicines list implementation reflected that the majority of the population in Malaysia had access to affordable essential medicines. If medicines need to be obtained from the private sector, they are hardly affordable. Although the average availability of essential medicines in Malaysia was high being more than 95.0%, in certain areas in Sabah availability was less than 80.0% and still a problem.     

中药与日本汉方药原植物的差异比较及原因分析

依据 2000年版《中国药典》和第十四改《正日本药局方》收载植物类生药品种 ,列表比较了中药与日本汉方药原植物的差异 ,并对产生差异的现象和原因进行了分析和探讨。     

灾害护理知信行量表的编制及信效度检验

目的:编制灾害护理知信行量表,并对其进行信效度检验。方法:根据知信行理论模型编制灾害护理知信行量表。随机抽取500名护生实施问卷调查并进行因子分析及信效度评估,3周后,随机抽取200名护生检验重测信度。结果:灾害护理知信行量表包括知识、态度及行为3个维度,共30个条目,总量表及各维度Cronbach′sα系数分别为0.96,0.92,0.95,0.96;分半信度为0.82,总量表及各维度重测信度分别为0.90,0.82,0.83,0.85。量表总内容效度指数为0.93,各条目内容效度指数为0.85～1.00。结论:灾害护理知信行量表具有良好的信效度,可作为评估护生灾害护理知信行水平的工具,可作为灾害护理教育的形成性评价指标。