胸腹水中唾液酸含量在鉴别良恶性疾病上的价值

本文测定恶性、炎性和肝硬化3组胸腹水中的总唾液酸(TotalSialic Acid TSA)和脂质结合唾液酸(Lipid-bound Sialic Acid LSA)含量,结果表明恶性组和炎性组的 TSA 和 LSA 明显高于肝硬化组,但恶性组和炎性组的 TSA 和 LSA 则无明显差异。恶性、炎性和肝硬化组的 TSA 值分别为499.52±183.98mg/L、508.68±208.79mg/L 和117.71±70.46mg/L;LSA则分别为146.28±103.62mg/L、115.26±72.13mg/L 和58.90±35.46mg/L。以肝硬化组的 TSA+2SD 作为恶性组和肝硬化组的鉴别值,其敏感性为88%,特异性为90.47%,有效性为89.13%。LSA 则无鉴别价值。     

Effects of Polyethyleneglycol Chain Length and Phospholipid Acyl Chain Composition on the Interaction of Polyethyleneglycol-phospholipid Conjugates with Phospholipid: Implications in Liposomal Drug Delivery

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate polyethyleneglycol(PEG)-phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) conjugate interaction with phospholipid bilayers, in an attempt to explain the dependence of liposome circulation time on formulation. Methods. Differential scanning calorimetry, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and NMR were the major methods used in the study. Results. Mixtures of PEG-phospholipid conjugates and phosphatidylcholine existed in three different physical states: a lamellar phase with components exhibiting some miscibility, a lamellar phase with components phase separated, and mixed micelles. Beyond 7 mol% of PEG(l,000–3,000)-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), and 11 mol% PEG(5,000)-DPPE in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), a strong tendency towards mixed micelle formation was observed. All concentrations of PEG(12,000)-DPPE and PEG(5,000)-DPPE beyond 8 mol% formed phase separated lamellae with phosphatidylcholine. Decreasing the acyl chain length from C_16:0 to C_14:0 caused a decrease in tendency towards micelle formation and phase separation. These tendencies increased upon increasing acyl chain length to C_18:0. Phase separation was at least partly due to PEG chain-chain interaction. This was supported by an increased fraction of PEG chains exhibiting a fast NMR transverse relaxation in DPPC/PEG(5,000)-DPPE mixtures as compared to that in distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC)/PEG(5,000)-dioleoyl-PE (DOPE). Conclusions. These phenomena are discussed in relation to both bilayer and steric stabilization of liposomes, and the lack of prolonged circulation with certain formulations is discussed.     

An evaluation of the CELL-DYN 1700® haematology analyser: automated cell counting and three-part leucocyte differentiation

The performance of the CELL-DYN 1700® (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA) was evaluated in a tertiary care hospital laboratory using the guidelines proposed by the German Society of Clinical Chemistry. Precision, accuracy, linearity, background counts, and carry-over were satisfactory for all measured standard parameters including haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), white blood cell count and platelet count. With 259 selected normal and abnormal blood samples the results of the CELL-DYN 1700® (CD1700) compared very well (r > 0.96 for all parameters with exception of RDW) with those obtained with the Bayer Diagnostic H-1 and the Hoffmann-La Roche Cobas Argos systems. This study considered in particular the performance of the CD1700 three-part leucocyte differential. For those samples without instrument-generated suspect flags, the neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages were highly correlated with the results of the H-1 blood cell counter (r = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively) and with manual 400-cell differentials (r = 0.91 and 0.88, respectively). In contrast, the CD1700 mid-fraction which comprised the composite total of mono cytes, eosinophils, basophils and precursor white cells (when present) could not be directly compared to the differentials from the H-1 system or from manual microscopy. For those samples with CD1700 instrument suspect flags, the neutrophil and lymphocyte differential results also compared well with both the H-1 (r = 0.93 and 0.93, respectively) and manual estimates (r = 0.89 and 0.87, respectively). In conclusion, the CD1700 is an accurate haematology analyser for cellular blood counts and three-part leucocyte differentiation.     

2000—2022年人工智能应用于食管癌领域全球研究的可视化分析

背景 随着近20余年人工智能（AI）在食管癌领域应用研究的骤增,出现了许多关于该研究的系统、荟萃分析等,但其仅针对AI在该领域应用的单一方面的总结研究,研究人员难以全面了解领域最新发展与研究热点。目的 通过文献计量分析总结AI在食管癌领域的应用,阐明AI在食管癌领域相关研究的进展、热点和新兴趋势。方法检索Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)的Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-E)数据库收录的AI应用于食管癌领域的所有英文文献,检索时间2000-01-01至2022-04-06。应用Microsoft Excel 2019、CiteSpace(5.8R3-64bit)和VOSviewer(1.6.18)对文献进行发文量、国家、作者、机构、共被引和关键词分析。结果 2000—2022年共检索到AI应用于食管癌领域的文献918篇,共计引用文献总量23 490篇。发文趋势：2000—2016年为迟缓期,发文量从6篇增至40篇;2017—2022年为快速增长期,发文量从62篇突增至216篇。60个国家、118家机构、5 ...     

Prevention of Postinfectious Asthma in Children by Reducing Self-Inoculatory Behavior

Recent studies have shown that the spread of infectious nasalsecretions from hand-to-hand or hand-to-object, followed byself-inoculation is an efficient means of viral transmission.The present study was designed to investigate whether self-inoculationbehavior in asthmatic children could be reduced and, if so,whether this reduction would reduce the frequency of infectionand asthma. Sixteen subjects aged 4 to 8, all diagnosed withpostinfectious asthma, were assigned to a treatment (differentialreinforcement of other behavior and contingent education) orplacebo control condition. Results indicate that self-inoculatorybehavior, infection, and asthma were signjficantly reduced.These findings may indicate an important role for behavioralmedicine inpostinfectious asthma.     

Linear Unsaturated Polyamides: Nylons 6 u18 and 18 u18

Summary: Linear unsaturated nylons 6 u18 and 18 u18 have been made containing a double bond in the center of the diacid segment with potential for additional functionalization. Solution state NMR showed the presence of a small portion of cis amide units. Solid state NMR verified the presence of the double bond in the bulk, and that the polyamides were present in the α‐crystalline form. Thermal stability was comparable to linear saturated nylons, and the melting and crystallization temperatures of the unsaturated nylons were lower compared to the saturated analogs.

DSC heating and cooling thermograms for nylons 6 u18 and 18 u18.     

恶性上皮性肿瘤中CK20的表达及其临床意义

目的　研究单克隆抗体CK2 0在恶性上皮性肿瘤和卵巢转移性腺癌组织中的表达及其意义。方法　应用S P法对鼻咽非角化性癌、乳腺浸润性导管癌、肺的鳞癌和腺癌、卵巢黏液性囊腺癌、胃腺癌和结肠直肠腺癌各组总计 6 7例和 4 1例分别进行了CK2 0和CK19检测。结果　CK2 0阳性率 :肺腺癌 1/ 7(14 3% ) ,卵巢浆液性和黏液性腺癌 3/ 12 (33 3% ) ,胃腺癌 3/ 9(33 3% ) ,结肠直肠腺癌组 2 1/ 2 2 (95 5 % ) ,其他癌组织均呈阴性。结肠直肠腺癌组组与其他各组间比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。CK19在上述 4 1例癌组织中均呈强阳性表达。结论　CK2 0表达对鉴别结肠腺癌和直肠腺癌与肺腺癌和乳腺浸润性导管癌具有高度特异性和较高的敏感性 ;CK2 0高表达对鉴别卵巢原发性腺癌与卵巢的结肠腺癌或直肠腺癌转移具有一定的意义     

Recent advances in immunohistochemistry in gynaecological pathology

Recent years have witnessed significant developments in the use of immunohistochemistry in diagnostic gynaecological pathology. This review details the most significant of these. In ovarian pathology, differential cytokeratin staining (CK7 and 20) assists in distinguishing between a primary ovarian adenocarcinoma and a metastatic adenocarcinoma, especially of colorectal origin. The development of markers characteristic of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours (especially alpha-inhibin) facilitates diagnosis of these neoplasms which is often difficult by morphology alone due to the wide differential diagnosis. In the uterus, the distinction between a primary endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinoma may be facilitated by use of a small panel of antibodies, including CEA, ER and vimentin. Newly developed antibodies such as CD10 and h-caldesmon may be of use in the diagnosis of uterine mesenchymal lesions, especially in the distinction between endometrial stromal and smooth muscle lesions. Proliferation markers, such as MIB1, are of value in the cervix in the diagnosis of preinvasive squamous and glandular lesions. Recent studies have shown that cervical adenoma malignum exhibits a gastric phenotype. Advances have also been made in trophoblastic disease with the development of antibodies reactive against trophoblast such as alpha-inhibin, mel-Cam and p57. A newly developed monoclonal antibody HMGIC which is expressed in vulvovaginal aggressive angiomyxoma may prove to be of value in the often difficult distinction of this lesion from its histological mimics.     

Primary renal angiosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature

Primary renal angiosarcoma is very rare. To our knowledge, only 15 cases have been reported to date. A 77-year-old Japanese man with a unilateral kidney presented with massive hematuria followed by renal failure. A renal tumor was suspected and a left nephrectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was angiosarcoma of the kidney. A hemorrhagic tumor measuring 10 × 5 cm and clotted blood was found in the modularly area. The atypical tumor cells had a sinusoidal and solid appearance, and showed Immunohistochemically positive reactions for some of the endothelial markers. The patient died about 21 months after the nephrectomy and the autopsy revealed massive metastases to the liver and retroperitoneum. One of the differential diagnoses of the case was anglomyolipoma, because the tumor cells were relatively bland in their histological appearance with entrapped fat cells in the pelvic area. Fifteen case reports with titles that included the term 'hemangiosarcoma/anglosarcoma', 'hemangioendothelloma/endothelloma' or 'vascular sarcoma' of the kidney were reviewed and compared to the present case.