药品物资条码库房管理系统的开发与应用

通过对药品物资条码库房管理系统的开发与应用，使医院药品、物资库房管理自动化程度明显增强，出入库数据采集快速准确；效期、库位自动识别，有效避免过期浪费；盘点快捷方便，大大提高工作效率。     

The role of the community mental health nurse in the administration of depot neuroleptic medication: 'not just the needle nurse!'

An ethnographic study explored the nature of community mental health nurses' involvement with clients during appointments for the administration of depot neuroleptic medication. Little has been written about this aspect of community mental health nursing practice. Findings illustrate how community mental health nurses attempt to engage clients in meaningful interactions when they attend appointments for their injections. Promoting an atmosphere of normalcy and minimising the distress of having neuroleptic medication by injection were key elements in approaches employed by nurses in this study. Results support current discussions in nursing literature concerned with the need for community mental health nurses to have well-developed interpersonal skills to enable them to capitalise therapeutically from the depot injection encounter.     

Clinical presentation and management of an Aruban rattlesnake bite in the Netherlands

Bites by Aruban Rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus unicolor) are rare and not known to induce severe envenomations. Here, we present a case of a 57 year-old man bitten by his pet Aruban Rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus unicolor). He was admitted to hospital within 15?min. Three and a half hours later his fibrinogen concentration decreased to 0.6?g/L (normal: 2.0–4.0). Nine hours post-bite, he was treated with polyvalent snake antivenom covering Crotalus durissus. Three hours later his fibrinogen became undetectable while at that time clotting times were prolonged (PT 38.7?s (normal: 12.5–14.5) and aPTT 40?s (normal: 25–35)). His platelet count remained within normal limits. Creatine kinase (CK) concentrations reached a maximum of 1868?U/L (normal:?<200) 16?h post-bite. After a second antivenom dose, 10.5?h after the first antivenom administration, clotting times returned to normal. Fibrinogen was restored to normal within three days. He was discharged from hospital on day five. In conclusion, administration of polyvalent snake antivenom covering Crotalus durissus snakebites shows cross-neutralization and is effective in the treatment of patients bitten by Crotalus durissus unicolor.     

Octreotide acetate long-acting release in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors pretreated with lanreotide

Background:In the present study we investigated the efficacy andtolerability of i.m. octreotide acetate (octreotide LAR) in patients withmetastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) previously treated and failed on i.m.lanreotide. Patients and methods:Fifteen patients (8 females, 7 males, medianage 67 years, range 28–81 years) with metastatic NETs (8 endocrinepancreatic tumors, 7 midgut carcinoids) were enrolled in the study. Allpatients were in progressive disease (objective: 11 patients, symptomatic: 10patients, biochemical: 11 patients) after treatment with slow releaselanreotide, 30 mg every 14 days for a median time of 8 months (range3–19 months). All patients had measurable disease; 12 patients hadelevated serum and/or urine markers and 11 were symptomatic. Octreotidescintigraphy was positive in 13 of 15 patients. Octreotide LAR wasadministered as i.m. injection at the dose of 20 mg every four weeks untildisease progression. Results:An objective partial response (PR) was documented in onepatient (7%), no change (NC) in six (40%), and progressivedisease (PD) in eight patients (53%). The PR was observed in onepatient with non-functioning endocrine pancreatic tumor with progressive liverand lymph node metastases after 16 months of i.m. lanreotide therapy. Themedian duration of disease stabilization was 7.5 months (range 6–12+months). The overall biochemical response rate was 41%, including CRs(33%) and PRs (8%); biochemical responses were observed incarcinoids as well as in endocrine pancreatic tumors; the median duration ofresponse was 5 months for CRs and 7.5 months for PRs. The overall symptomaticresponse rate was 82%. The median duration of response for diarrhoea,abdominal pain, or both was 6.5 months (range 3–12+ months). Improvementin performance status (PS) was obtained in 5 of 11 patients with PS of 1 atstudy entry.Median duration of octreotide LAR treatment was seven months (range3–12+ months). No serious adverse events were reported; mild sideeffects were reported in 26% of patients. Conclusions:Octreotide LAR 20 mg shows significant efficacy interms of objective response rate (PR + SD), biochemical and symptomaticcontrol in patients with metastatic NETs of the GEP system pretreated andprogressing on slow release lanreotide.     

局部体脂及内分泌脂肪调节激素对瘦素水平的影响

目的　研究中国人非超重、超重及肥胖者瘦素水平与局部体脂、内分泌脂肪调节激素之间的关系。方法　用核磁共振 (MRI)测量 15 0例正常糖耐量的非超重、超重及肥胖者的局部体脂。同时测定瘦素、空腹胰岛素、皮质醇、生长激素、总睾酮、游离睾酮、硫酸去氢表雄酮等内分泌脂肪调节激素。结果　 (1)超重或肥胖者瘦素水平升高 ,女性瘦素水平显著高于男性 ;(2 )体脂对瘦素的影响有性别差异 ,在男性 ,瘦素与腹部皮下脂肪显著相关 (r =0 .75 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ;在女性 ,瘦素与体重指数相关 (r =0 .6 5 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ;(3)胰岛素是独立于体脂之外的调节瘦素的因素 ;(4 )游离睾酮参与瘦素的调节 ,但对瘦素的影响因性别而不同。结论　皮下脂肪是影响瘦素的局部体脂因素 ,胰岛素及雄性激素参与瘦素水平的调节     

A New Sustained-release, 3-Month Leuprolide Acetate Formulation Achieves and Maintains Castrate Concentrations of Testosterone in Patients With Prostate Cancer

Purpose

This clinical trial investigated the effectiveness, pharmacokinetic properties, and safety profile of leuprolide acetate 22.5-mg depot, a new 3-month leuprolide depot formulation, as androgen deprivation therapy for patients with prostate cancer.

河南地区油库及加油站职业病危害因素检测与分析

目的 了解河南地区油库及部分加油站的职业病危害因素,为制定防治对策提供依据.方法 采用职业卫生现场调查法,现场采样,按照《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》(GBZ 159-2004)进行选点和布点.根据《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分化学有害因素》(GBZ 2.1-2007)、《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分物理因素》(GBZ 2.2-2007)对检测数据进行评价、分析.结果 在油库和加油站中的主要职业病危害因素有苯、盐酸、汽油和噪声等.部分岗位噪声值达88.2 dB(A),汽油浓度达146 mg/m3,苯浓度达8.3 mg/m3.结论 噪声和苯是油库和加油站职业病危害关键控制点.     

Development and evaluation of long-acting epidural “smart” thermoreversible injection loaded with spray-dried polymeric nanospheres using experimental design

Context: Reduction of injection frequency as well as localization of drug absorption in the injection site are important requirements in epidural pain treatment. Purpose: Our objective is to explore the production feasibility of controlled release thermoresponsive spray-dried tramadol HCl (TmH) nanospheres for localized epidural injection. Methods: A 2⁴ factorial design was employed to study the effect of some selected variables. Results: F15 having the most extended release (MDT = 89.03?±?0.76?min) was selected, based on regression analysis, for further investigation and characterization. The selected nanospheres (particle diameter = 832.5?±?10.61?nm) with good flowing properties (θ = 28.076?±?1.20) was reconstituted with different concentrations of Poloxamer 407 (P407) solution. The optimum reconstituted F15 nanospheres, prepared using 20% w/w P407, was liquid at room temperature, exhibited sol-gel transition at 37°C, was easily withdrawn and injected using 23G needle. The evaluation of the analgesic effect of the selected formula using hot plate method showed a desired rapid onset, yet, extended analgesic effect up to 24?h. The AUC_{0–24 h} (2998.072?±?61.830) as well as E_max (200.788?±?12.123) were significantly higher than drug solution and control while T_max (2.200?±?1.095) was non-significant compared to both. Conclusion: the designed formula offers a promising approach as safe depot epidural analgesic.     

Optimization of formulation variables for the development of long acting microsphere based depot injection of olanzapine

This work was aimed to optimize the composition of microspheres of olanzapine to design long acting depot injection for the treatment of psychosis. Solvent evaporation method was used for the fabrication of microspheres. Different formulation variables for the solvent evaporation method, viz., effect of theoretical drug loading, type of surfactant and its concentration, temperature, volume of external phase and presence of salt in external aqueous phase, conditions and time of solvent evaporation and drying methodology were optimized. The microspheres were characterized for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, residual solvent content, drug release profile and drug release kinetics. The optimized formulation showed consistent drug release for upto 14 days time period.     

Safety of hymenoptera venom immunotherapy: a systematic review

Introduction: The efficacy of venom immunotherapy (VIT) in patients with insect sting allergy is not questioned. However, its safety, especially when honeybee is used, is a matter of concern.

Areas covered: A systematic review of the literature on VIT was done, with both aqueous and depot extracts, to compare the frequency of systemic reactions to honeybee and vespid venoms. A Medline search was performed using the keywords ‘venom immunotherapy’, ‘safety’ and ‘tolerability’. The articles obtained were analyzed regarding the total number of patients treated with either honeybee or vespid VIT, the number and severity of systemic reactions during therapy, the type of extract used (aqueous or depot) and the administration regimen.

Expert opinion: The incidence of systemic reactions to VIT was 25.1% for honeybee venom and 5.8% for vespid venom (p < 0.0001), while it was similar with aqueous and depot extracts in the whole population of patients. This confirms that during VIT systemic reactions are significantly more frequent with honeybee venom compared with vespid venom, while there are no significant overall differences in systemic reactions between aqueous and depot extracts.