温州地区人群猪带绦虫/囊虫病流行病学调查

目的:了解温州地区猪带绦虫/囊虫病流行情况,为本地区猪带绦虫/囊虫病的防治工作提供参考依据.方法:运用流行病学方法、血清学和粪便检查对本地区猪带绦虫/囊虫病进行调查.结果:温州地区人群血清囊虫抗体阳性率为0.61%,猪带绦虫病现患率为0.02%,囊虫病现患率为0.09%.结论:温州地区囊虫病呈零星散发状态,且较多为输入性感染,但仍须重视猪带绦虫病和囊虫病的防治工作.     

宁夏人群囊虫病血清流行病学调查

本文报告1989年7—11月用快薄膜ELISA试验对宁夏人群7810人份囊虫病血清流行病学调查的结果。全区41个调查点共调查7810人,阳性217人,阳性率为2.8％。其中汉族5782人,阳性184人,阳性率3.2％,回族2011人,阳性32人,阳性率1.6％。经统计学处理,回、汉阳性率间有显著性差异(x~2=14,P<0.005)。男、女性别阳性率间无显著性差异。不同职业阳性率间有差异。不同年龄组感染阳性率间有显著性差异,并有随年龄增大而阳性率上升的趋势。     

应用特异单克隆抗体测定猪囊尾蚴病人血清和脑脊液中的循环抗原

我们应用特异的抗猪囊尾蚴抗原的单克隆抗体(CCy1),建立了单克隆抗体抑制性ELISA方法以测定囊尾蚴病患者的循环抗原(CAg)。测定灵敏度为ng水平。83例囊尾蚴病患者血清的CAg阳性率为71.1％。其范围为0.16-128μg/ml。对41例囊尾蚴病患者,同时测定了血清和脑脊液中的CAg。单项或两项阳性的总阳性率为90.2％。114例正常人血清、107例其它寄生虫病患者(包括30例包虫病患者)的血清及10例非寄生虫病患者的脑脊液的CAg量均为零。有23例囊尾蚴病患者治疗半年到1年后,有21例抗原浓度为零。另2例分别为0.64μg/ml和1.6μg/ml。表明测定CAg不仅可以确定活动性囊尾蚴感染,而且可考核疗效。     

脑囊虫病患者脑脊液中丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶检测及意义

目的 探讨脑囊虫病患者各期脑脊液中MDA、SOD的变化规律及它们在脑囊虫病中的作用机制。方法 检测2000-07～2003-03北京朝阳医院神经科49例明确诊断并依据MRI分期,单发脑实质内囊虫的脑囊虫病患者,以及20名对照者脑脊液中MDA、SOD水平并予SPSS统计学分析。结果 SOD在脑囊虫病病理过程中除Ⅳ期接近正常外,其余各期含量持续显著不足,MDA在脑囊虫病病理过程中水平是整体增高趋势,且于Ⅱ期显著高于其它各期。MDA与SOD有负相关关系。结论 在单发脑实质内囊虫病中氧自由基可能与杀伤脑囊尾蚴有密切的关系。     

Human and porcine neurocysticercosis: differences in the distribution and developmental stages of cysticerci

Objective To describe and compare the clinical impacts of neurocysticercosis (NC) caused by Taenia solium in humans and pigs. Methods Comparative study of the brains of 16 asymptomatic pigs and 35 human NC cases (15 asymptomatic and 20 symptomatic). Results In humans, cysticerci were more frequently located in the ventricles and subarachnoid space at the base of the brain (11.8%vs. 1.6%; P = 0.001 and 25.9%vs. 0%; P < 0.0001, respectively) while in pigs, cysticerci were more frequently found in the parenchyma (44.4%vs. 7.6%; P < 0.0001). In human brains, 75.9% of the cysticerci were calcified, while in pigs all cysticerci were in the vesicular stage. Conclusion The duration of infection and the host–parasite relationship (such as immune reactivity and brain haemodynamics) differ between humans and pigs. This may account for the different distribution and stage of the cysticerci among humans and pigs.     

大剂量黄芪注射液治疗囊尾蚴性脑积水的疗效观察

目的观察大剂量黄芪注射液治疗囊尾蚴性脑积水的临床疗效。方法选择囊尾蚴性脑积水患者93例,随机单盲分为对照组及治疗组,对照组给予常规活血化瘀(如香丹注射液20mL)、脑细胞活化剂(如胞磷胆碱1.0)及降颅压(如甘露醇150mL)药物静脉注射,口服吡喹酮或丙硫咪唑杀灭囊虫。治疗组在对照组基础上加用黄芪注射液60mL加入5%葡萄糖液250mL或0.9%氯化钠液250mL中静脉注射,每日一次。两疗程间隔3月,每个疗程结束后,分别对两组疗效、不良反应、显效时间、治疗天数及治疗周期进行对比分析。结果 40例对照组治愈率为17.5%(7/40),53例治疗组治愈率为35.8%(19/53),对照组总有效率77.5%(31/40),治疗组总有效率96.2%(41/53),二组对比,差异有有统计学意义(P0.05)。而且治疗组不良反应发生率较低,且显效快,治疗周期短。结论临床应用大剂量黄芪注射液治疗囊尾蚴性脑积水的效果显著,可以提高药物疗效,控制服药后毒副反应,缩短疗程,减少或消除后遗症。     

A Rare Ophthalmic Presentation of Neurocysticercosis

Cysticercosis is the most common parasitic infestation affecting the central nervous system (CNS). It is well recognised worldwide as neurocysticercosis (NCC). Due to the diverse clinical spectrum, NCC poses a complex diagnostic and treatment dilemma. However, new diagnostic imaging and effective antiparasitic drugs have uncovered silent cases of NCC with unusual presentations, reducing the rate of morbidity and mortality.     

Intraocular Parasitic Infections

A parasite is a living organism that receives some of its basic nutritional requirements through intimate contact with another living organism. When the parasite reaches the eye, ocular complications occur due to mechanical, immunologic, or allergic reactions. When an ophthalmologist detects a parasite in the eye, it is often difficult to identify the exact organism. Lack of methodological uniformity in management of ocular parasitosis emphasizes the need for standardization, including construction of a management algorithm. Knowledge on immunoreactivity in systemic parasitology has grown remarkably, but translational research from bench to bedside needs to be improved. Newer molecular diagnostic techniques are essential for ophthalmic application. Many parasitic worms are developing resistance to available drugs, necessitating discovery of the next generation of anti-parasitic agents. The aim of this review is to understand the existing literature on ocular parasitosis, to highlight diagnostic and therapeutic advances, and to analyze the management algorithm on ocular parasitosis.     

200例脑囊虫病患者抗囊治疗前后CT分析

为了提高脑囊虫病的治愈率 ,把握好治疗时机 ,减少后遗症发生率 ,对 2 0 0例脑囊虫病病人抗囊治疗前后CT影像进行了研究分析。结果发现 ,不同类型、不同时期的脑囊虫病其疗效不同。早期脑囊虫病经治疗后病灶全部吸收者为 5 5例 (78.5 7% ) ,中期为 16例 (4 4.44 % ) ,而晚期经治疗后则无 1例全部吸收。早期与中期相比较差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,中期与晚期相比 ,差异亦有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结果表明 ,活的囊尾蚴抗囊治疗后可被完全吸收 ,不留有后遗症     

囊尾蚴病患者的肥大细胞脱颗粒试验

本文对35例囊尾蚴病患者进行了间接非特异性和特异性肥大细胞脱颗粒试验。结果表明,此病患者的肥大细胞脱颗粒阳性率明显高于正常人,而且在囊尾蚴抗原作用下肥大细胞也可出现明显的脱颗粒反应。从而进一步证明,囊尾蚴病患者的血清中存在特异性IgE,致敏的肥大细胞在囊尾蚴抗原作用下发生脱颗粒反应,释放出组织胺等生物活性物质。