Golden 60 minutes of newborn’s life: Part 1: Preterm neonate

“Golden 60?minutes “or “Golden Hour” is defined as the first hour of the newborn after birth. This hour includes resuscitation care, transport to nursery from place of birth and course in nursery. The concept of “Golden hour” includes evidence based interventions that are done in the first 60?min of postnatal life for the better long term outcome of the preterm newborn especially extreme premature, extreme low birth weight and very low birth weight. The evidence shows that the concept of “Golden 60?minutes” leads to reduction in neonatal complications like hypothermia, hypoglycemia, intraventricular hemorrhage, chronic lung disease and retinopathy of prematurity. In this review, we have covered various interventions included in “Golden hour” for preterm newborn namely delayed cord clamping, prevention of hypothermia, respiratory and cardiovascular system support, prevention of sepsis, nutritional support and communication with family.     

山东省居民24小时尿钠钾比与代谢综合征的关系

目的 分析山东省居民24 h尿钠钾比与MS的关系。方法 2011年在山东省采用四阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取18~69岁居民作为研究对象, 测量其血糖、血脂四项、尿钠、尿钾和尿肌酐等指标。依据24 h尿钠钾比值将研究对象按照四分位数法分组, 采用二分类logistic分析钠钾比与MS的关系。结果 1 906名研究对象纳入分析, 其中男性1 003人, 女性903人。MS患病率为24.7%。经多因素logistic模型分析, 与24 h尿钠钾比值<4.3组相比, 4.3~5.6、5.7~8.1和≥8.1组MS患病风险OR值(95%CI)分别为1.27(0.93~1.71)、1.06(0.78~1.46)和1.45(1.06~1.97), 趋势检验显示, P<0.05。在MS各组分中, 中心性肥胖和血压升高风险与24 h尿钠钾比之间存在线性趋势(线性趋势检验P<0.05)。结论 随着24 h尿钠钾比增加, MS患病风险呈上升趋势。     

即时性图像法膳食调查技术应用于学龄前儿童膳食调查的效果评价

目的对即时性图像法应用于学龄前儿童膳食调查进行效果评价。方法招募60位幼儿园儿童及其家长,为儿童提供食物原料经严格称重后烹制的午餐。进餐前家长从三个角度对食物进行拍摄,同样方法拍摄剩余食物,并将图像文件发送至固定邮箱,次日接受针对儿童的24h膳食回顾调查,膳食估量小组成员对图片中的食物进行估重。得到称量数据、图像法数据和24h回顾法数据,归类汇总三组数据并进行营养计算。结果与24h回顾法数据相比,除水果和带鱼外,图像法数据与称重数据的相关性更好。除畜禽肉类和带鱼外,图像法的数据与称重法更接近。基于图像法数据计算的能量与各营养素的摄入量数据,与称重数据的计算结果更接近。结论与24h回顾法相比,用即时性图像法膳食调查技术对学龄前儿童进行膳食调查,可获得与实际重量更接近的食物消费量数据。     

The Policy of Co–First Authorship and Co–Senior Authorship in Radiology Journals

ObjectiveIncreasingly, medical journals are recognizing “equally credited authors” (ECA) in the primary and senior authorship of articles. The aim of this study was to assess the policies of co–first authorship, co–senior authorship, and designation of a corresponding author in the radiology literature.MethodsWe identified 29 radiology journals based on impact factor ranking. Journal offices were contacted by phone and e-mail to ascertain their practices on first and senior authorship ECA designations. We surveyed the March, June, and December 2018 issues of each journal (when available) to assess the utilization of the co-designations in articles.ResultsTwenty-five of 29 journals responded to our survey (response rate: 86.2%). Of 25 journals, 20 (80%) allowed co–first authorship. Among these, 4 of 25 journals (16%) allowed more than two co–first authors. Among the 25 responses, 14 journals (56%) allowed co–senior authorship. Among the 24 journals who responded to this specific question, 23 (96%) approved designation of a corresponding author, different from the first or senior author. The review of March, June, December 2018 editions found co–first authorship and co–senior authorship ECA rates of 8.6% (range 0.0%-22.7%) and 1.8% (range 0.0%-13.3%), respectively. A corresponding author other than first or senior author was noted in 13.3% (range 0.0%-34.7%).DiscussionThere has been widespread acceptance of the concept of ECA in the policies of the top cited imaging journals particularly for first authors (80%). However, the utilization of these designations is uncommon for first authorship (8.6%) and rare (1.8%) for senior authorship based on our 2018 sampling.     

Dibucaine in Ionic-Gradient Liposomes: Biophysical,Toxicological, and Activity Characterization

Administration of local anesthetics is one of the most effective pain control techniques for postoperative analgesia. However, anesthetic agents easily diffuse into the injection site, limiting the time of anesthesia. One approach to prolong analgesia is to entrap local anesthetic agents in nanostructured carriers (e.g., liposomes). Here, we report that using an ammonium sulphate gradient was the best strategy to improve the encapsulation (62.6%) of dibucaine (DBC) into liposomes. Light scattering and nanotracking analyses were used to characterize vesicle properties, such as, size, polydispersity, zeta potentials, and number. In vitro kinetic experiments revealed the sustained release of DBC (50% in 7 h) from the liposomes. In addition, in vitro (3T3 cells in culture) and in vivo (zebrafish) toxicity assays revealed that ionic-gradient liposomes were able to reduce DBC cyto/cardiotoxicity and morphological changes in zebrafish larvae. Moreover, the anesthesia time attained after infiltrative administration in mice was longer with encapsulated DBC (27 h) than that with free DBC (11 h), at 320 μM (0.012%), confirming it as a promising long-acting liposome formulation for parenteral drug administration of DBC.     

术后24h开始经口进食对直肠癌患者术后恢复的影响

为探讨术后24h开始经口进食对直肠癌患者术后恢复的影响,选择2013年12月至2014年2月于我科择期行直肠癌根治术的60例患者进行研究,随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例,观察组术后接受快速康复治疗（术后24h开始进食）,对照组术后接受传统治疗（肠功能恢复后开始进食）。对比两组患者术后住院时间、首次排气时间和首次排便时间。结果显示,观察组患者术后住院时间、首次排气时间、首次排便时间均明显短于对照组,P〈0．05。结果表明,直肠癌患者术后24h开始经口进食安全、可行,术后肠道功能恢复快,住院时间短。     

CCU限制陪护制度认知与需求调查分析

目的 了解CCU患者、家属及医护人员对家属限制陪护制度认知的差异,以探讨最佳探视模式,达到既有利于患者康复又有利于治疗的目的。方法 选取符合入选标准的患者200人、家属200人、医护人员80人,在患者入院48小时后采用自制设计调查表进行调查。结果 调查从患者产生不良情绪的最主要因素、患者家属对患者的担忧程度及原因、患者及家属认为CCU最令人不满意的方面、患者和家属以及医护人员对限制陪护的认知及满意度和需求等四个方面进行比较。结果显示在限制陪护对病情的利弊、患者及家属和医护人员对限制陪护制度的认知和需求上存在差异（P＜0.01）。结论 尽管患者病因不同。但患者及家属的需求是相同的,应高度重视CCU住院患者、家属对限制陪护的反应性及需求,开展以家庭为中心的全程精细化关护模式,实施分阶段探视制度,制定新型探视模式,寻找制度和人情的平衡点,提高患者的应对能力,更好地配合治疗。     

前列地尔联合厄贝沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病效果观察

目的 观察前列地尔联合厄贝沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病(DN)的临床疗效。方法 收集早期DN患者120例,随机分成3组:厄贝沙坦组40例(厄贝沙坦150 mg,1次/d),前列地尔组40例(生理盐水+前列地尔10 μg静脉滴注),前列地尔联合厄贝沙坦组40例(剂量用法同前)。全部病例进行临床观察4周。分别比较3组血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN),24h尿微量白蛋白(24 hUAE)治疗前后的变化。结果 3组患者治疗前后24 hUAE比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.07、t=2.01、t=3.15,P均＜0.05),联合治疗组降低24 hUAE[(252.69±33.56) mg/24 h]的作用优于厄贝沙坦组[(268.75±34.42)mg/24 h](t=2.11,P＜0.05),也优于前列地尔组[(267.95±34.75) mg/24 h](t=1.998,P＜0.05);厄贝沙坦和前列地尔组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。治疗过程中,前列地尔静脉滴注时个别患者出现滴注部位肿胀、不适,调整滴速后患者上述症状好转,未见其他不良反应。结论 前列地尔与厄贝沙坦联合应用是治疗早期DN的有效方法。