检测肾小球滤过功能的新方法——血清巯基蛋白酶抑制肽C

目的探讨测定血清巯基蛋白酶抑制肽C(CysC)的方法并评价其检测肾小球滤过功能的价值。方法对照组 2 1例、患者 10 7例 ,用全自动生化分析仪检测CysC、血清肌酐 (Scr)、尿肌酐 ,计算肌酐清除率 (Ccr)。根据Ccr将患者分成 4组。CysC用颗粒增强透射免疫比浊法 ,肌酐用肌氨酸氧化酶 PAP法测定。结果对照组CysC浓度为 1 2 5± 0 14mg/L ,患者组CysC随Ccr下降而升高 ,各组间差异显著 (P <0 0 0 1)。CysC与Ccr的相关性优于Scr与Ccr的相关性。CysC与性别、年龄无相关 ,而Scr男性显著高于女性 (P <0 0 0 1)。受试者工作特征 (ROC)曲线分析 ,CysC区别正常或异常肾功能的准确性较高 ,优于Scr。结论检测肾小球滤过功能CysC较Scr更好 ,不受年龄、性别的影响 ;本法可大批量、快速、准确测定 ,适于临床常规应用。     

Beneficial effect of verapamil added to chronic ACE inhibitor treatment on renal function in hypertensive elderly patients

This study analysed the effect of low doses ofverapamil added to chronic treatment withangiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors onblood pressure and serum creatinine levels in eightelderly hypertensive patients who had a steadyincrease of serum creatinine while on ACE inhibitors.The study was performed in eight elderly hypertensivesubjects, five men and three women (mean age 70 ±2 years; systolic blood pressure 173 ± 4 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure 99 ± 1 mm Hg) andserum creatinine of 1.60 ± 0.27 mg/dl beforetreatment. During an average of 25 weeks, ACEinhibitors significantly reduced both systolic anddiastolic blood pressures, but serum creatinine levelswere increased over basal levels (0,68 ± 0,20 mg/dl, p < 0.05). During an average of 10 weeks,the addition of verapamil did not decrease bloodpressure further, but serum creatinine levels werereduced to baseline. Our study suggests that theaddition of verapamil to ACE inhibitors can reverseACE-induced increase in creatinine levels in elderlyhypertensive patients in whom this side effect isobserved. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

High-dose methotrexate therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: lack of relation between serum methotrexate concentration and creatinine clearance.

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the relation of serum methotrexate (MTX) concentration with creatinine clearance, (2) to compare the leucovorin rescue dose administered to the patients based on creatinine clearance, with the one calculated according to serum MTX levels, and (3) to determine MTX-related toxicity. PROCEDURE: Thirty children with high-risk non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated according to the national protocol (PINDA 92) based on ALL BFM 90, were randomized to receive consolidation with four doses of either 1 or 2 g/m(2) MTX as a 24-hr infusion, at 2-week intervals (group M1 and M2, respectively). Serum MTX concentrations were measured at 24, 42, and 48 hr after beginning the infusion and were analyzed retrospectively. The creatinine clearance was calculated after 12-hr intravenous hydration prior to each MTX dose. Leucovorin dosage was adjusted according to creatinine clearance. RESULTS: Serum MTX concentrations at 24, 42, and 48 hr after starting the infusion were not related to creatinine clearance in both treatment groups. Leucovorin rescue administered according to creatinine clearance was excessive in 43% in group M1 and in 51% in group M2, as compared to the dose calculated according to serum MTX levels. No serious clinical complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that creatinine clearance is not a good parameter to calculate leucovorin rescue. MTX-related toxicity in this group of patients receiving a dose of 1 or 2 g/m(2) and rescued with leucovorin without monitoring serum MTX levels was acceptable.     

窒息新生儿心肌损害的早期诊断

目的探讨血清肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)对新生儿(MCI组)窒息心肌损害(MCI)的早期诊断价值。方法采用直接化学发光免疫夹心法和免疫抑制酶动力学法动态检测34例生后10 d内窒息并MCI新生儿(MCI组)血清cTnⅠ和CK-MB水平,并以38例窒息无心肌损害(NMCI组)及30例正常新生儿(NC组)作为对照组。结果NC组cTnⅠ水平在生后10 d内无变化,MCI组生后24 h内和1周时cTnⅠ水平均显著高于NMCI组和NC组(P均<0.01)。MCI组生后24 h内CK-MB水平显著高于NMCI组和NC组(P均<0.01);3组生后5~7 d检测值比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.05),且均明显低于生后24 h内水平。cTnⅠ诊断新生儿MCI的敏感度为91%,特异度为88%,准确度89%;CK-MB诊断新生儿MCI敏感度为85%,特异度为68%,准确度为74%。结论血清CK-MB及cTnⅠ均可用于新生儿窒息心肌损害的早期诊断,cTnⅠ优于CK-MB。     

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate —A More Stable Indicator than Creatinine Clearance in Peritoneal Dialysis Practice

Objective: The usefulness of estimated glomerular filtration rate may not be restricted to pre-dialysis patients, since we reported that estimated glomerular filtration rate was well correlated with measured total creatinine clearance in peritoneal dialysis patients. To clarify the clinical usefulness of estimated glomerular filtration rate as a parameter for peritoneal dialysis adequacy, we retrospectively surveyed estimated glomerular filtration rate and total creatinine clearance in peritoneal dialysis patients treated at JA Toride Medical Center.Patients and Methods: A total of 114 data sets of estimated glomerular filtration rate and total creatinine clearance from 21 PD patients treated at JA Toride Medical Center were collected from November 2010 to October 2011. The patients consisted of 15 men and six women with an average age of 66.6 ± 12.6 years (46–95 years old). The average number of samples was 5.4 ± 1.5 (2 to 7) per patient.Results: The collected data showed less correlation of estimated glomerular filtration rate and total creatinine clearance (r. = 0.435) than that of a previous cross-sectional study (r. = 0.836). As reported in pre-dialysis patients, the differences between estimated glomerular filtration rate and total creatinine clearance were correlated with total creatinine excretion in urine and PD effluent (r. = 0.821). The differences were also correlated with normalized protein catabolic rate, which was one of the main determinant factors for total creatinine excretion (r. = 0.636). A similar tendency was apparently observed in one patient with poor compliance to diet therapy and fluctuating dietary intake. From the analysis of these data, serum creatinine seemed to fluctuate less possibly due to compensatory capacity of the residual renal function in small solute clearance.Conclusions: Consequently, estimated glomerular filtration rate was turned out to be a more stable parameter than total creatinine clearance, which might be a desirable feature in long-term follow-up of peritoneal dialysis patients.     

不同药物对急性中毒性肾衰家兔作用效果的比较

目的观察10%葡萄糖、0.9%氯化钠溶液、肾上腺素对急性中毒性肾衰家兔的作用效果。方法制备家兔急性中毒性肾衰模型,观察急性中毒性肾衰状态下家兔动脉血压、心率、血尿素氮、血清肌酐的变化,以及注射10%葡萄糖、0.9%氯化钠溶液、肾上腺素对肾衰家兔动脉血压、心率、血尿素氮、血清肌酐的影响。对比肾衰前后以及肾衰后各药物注射后家兔的生命体征变化。结果肾衰家兔与正常家兔相比动脉血压下降,心率略下降,血清尿素氮、肌酐明显上升;肾衰家兔注射葡萄糖后动脉血压和心率都基本不变,血清尿素氮、肌酐略上升;注射0.9%氯化钠溶液后血压升高,心率略升高,血清尿素氮、肌酐略下降;注射肾上腺素后动脉血压上升,心率下降,血清尿素氮、肌酐明显下降。结论肾上腺素对急性中毒性肾衰家兔的治疗效果最佳。     

益肾运脾逐瘀方对慢性肾炎患者血肌酐及尿蛋白的影响

目的:观察益肾运脾逐瘀方对慢性肾炎患者血肌酐及尿蛋白的影响。方法:选取本院2013年1月—2014年12月门诊或住院治疗的慢性肾炎患者60例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例。对照组予颉沙坦、盐酸贝那普利口服治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用中药益肾运脾逐瘀方治疗。两组均3个月为1个疗程,1个疗程后比较疗效和尿蛋白、尿NAG酶、血肌酐、尿素氮水平。结果:对照组有效率为80.00%,治疗组有效率为93.33%,治疗组优于对照组(P0.05);治疗组治疗后尿蛋白、尿NAG酶水平优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:益肾运脾逐瘀方治疗慢性肾炎疗效显著,能明显改善患者尿蛋白、尿NAG酶水平。