肺腺癌胸苷酸合成酶表达与放射敏感性的关系

目的:探讨肺腺癌患者胸苷酸合成酶（TS）不同表达水平与放射敏感性的关系。方法:对经病理确诊的94例局部晚期肺腺癌患者,根据TS不同表达水平,将患者分为高表达组(40例)和低表达组（54例）。对患者的肺部原发病灶行体部伽玛刀立体定向适形放射治疗,放疗结束后１个月复查胸部CT评价近期疗效。结果:全部患者均按计划完成治疗,两组近期疗效:高表达组:CR 3例,PR 27例,SD 7例,PD 3例,近期总有效率为75.0%［(CR+PR)/总病例数×100%］;低表达组:CR 8例,PR 41例,SD 3例,PD 2例,近期总有效率为90.7%。两组近期疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:肺腺癌TS低表达组的放疗后近期疗效好,提示TS表达水平可能作为肺腺癌放射敏感性的标志物之一。     

用常用办公软、硬件制作不规则挡铅方法研究

目的探讨用常用办公用品等来制作不规则适形挡铅的方法、步骤。方法采用PC机、扫描仪、打印机、软件Photoshop、精度mm级的直尺、手动热丝切割机等材料,首先调整热丝切割机的几何坐标系,使其与治疗机的射野几何坐标系精确一致,然后扫描模拟定位片、用Photoshop缩放分别得到源轴距SAD处、源托距STD处的图像,按SAD处的图切割泡模,得到阳模下端面与STD处图符合一致,最后浇注铅模,检验合格后应用于治疗。结果应用此方法制作的挡铅,能通过光野验证、射野验证。结论此方法成本低、准确、有效。值得不具备高端设备的放疗科采用。     

A pilot study of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the potential role of three-dimensional (3-D) conformal radiotherapy (RT) in treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Thirteen patients were included in this study, which was conducted between 1993 and 1996. Nine patients (group A) were treated with 3-D conformal RT alone because of main portal vein thrombosis, inferior vena cava thrombosis, obstructive jaundice and failure of previous transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) to control the disease. The remaining four patients (group B) were treated with a combination of TACE and 3-D conformal RT. RESULTS: The greatest dimension of the main tumour in the whole group of patients ranged from 6 to 25 cm (median 15 cm). The radiation dose ranged from 40 to 60 Gy. The tumour response was evaluated by computed tomography scans of the liver 6-8 weeks after completion of radiotherapy. Partial response was observed in 58% of the patients (seven of 12) and minimal response in another 25% of patients (three of 12). One patient could not be evaluated because of the development of hepatic failure 1 month after completion of RT. All patients in group B lived for more than 1 year (range 16-40 months). In group A, one patient who had a large tumour (11 x 10 x 21 cm) with portal vein thrombosis was converted to become resectable after 45 Gy of radiation. The resection specimen revealed no residual cancer cells. This patient is alive longer than 15 months after treatment without the evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience indicates that HCC is more radiosensitive than it was traditionally expected. Three-dimensional reconstruction of tumour and surrounding organs helps to avoid excessive exposure of the liver and adjacent organs to RT and makes it a safer treatment modality for unresectable HCC. Our preliminary data show promise and are worthy of further study to explore the potential role of radiotherapy in the treatment strategy for HCC at various stages of involvement.     

门静脉支架置入联合动脉化疗栓塞和序贯门静脉放疗治疗肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓

目的 回顾性分析肝细胞肝癌伴门静脉主干癌栓(MPWIT)患者经门静脉支架置入及经导管化疗栓塞治疗后序贯门静脉适形放疗的效果.方法 45例肝癌合并MPVTY的患者行经皮门静脉支架置入,支架置入后即刻行经导管动脉内化疗栓塞.其中16例于2～3周后行门静脉适形放疗(A组),29例未行放射治疗(B组).采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析、log-rank检验评价两组间支架通畅率、累积生存率的差异;Fisher精确概率法对比分析两组间肿瘤及癌栓缓解率的差别.结果 本组支架放置过程中及置入后24 h内无患者死亡,无大出血及急性肝功能衰竭等严重并发症.支架置入后2周内所有支架通畅,术后60、180、360 d支架累积通畅率:A组分别为100.0%.62.2%、34.6%,B组分别为58.6%、21.7%、10.8%;累积生存率:A组分别为93.8%、81.3%、32.5%,B组分别为86.2%、13.8%、6.9%,两组相比差异均有统计学意义(X2值分别为9.672、14.596,P值均<0.01).支架平均通畅时间A组为(475±137)d,B组为(200±61)d,两组相比差异有统计学意义(X2=9.672,P<0.01).结论 经导管化疗栓塞联合门静脉支架置人后序贯门静脉适形放疗可提高肝细胞肝癌伴MPVTT患者支架通畅率和生存期.     

Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer （NSCLC） Using CT in Combination with a PET Examination to Minimize the Clinical Target Volume of the Mediastinum

OBJECTIVE To decrease radiation injury of the esophagus and lungs by utilizing a CT scan in combination with PET tumor imaging in order to minimize the clinical target area of locally advanced non-small cell lung can-cer, without preventive radiation on the lymphatic drainage area. METHODS Of 76 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 32 received a PET examination before radiotherapy. Preventive radiation was not conducted in the mediastinum area without lymphatic metastasis, which was confirmed by CT and PET. For the other 44 patients, preventive radiation was performed in the lymphatic drainage area. PET examinations showed that the clinical target volume of the patients was decreased on average to about one third. The radiation therapy for patients of the two groups was the same, i.e. the dose for accelerated fractionated irradiation was 3 Gy/time and 5 time/week. The preventive dose was 42 to 45 Gy/time, 14 to 15 time/week, with 3-week treatment, and the therapeu- tic dose was 60 to 63 Gy/time, 20 to 21 time/week, with a period of 4 to 5 weeks. RESULTS The rate of missed lymph nodes beyond the irradiation field was 6.3% and 4.5% respectively in the group with and without PET exami- nation (P = 0.831). The incidence of acute radioactive esophagitis was 15.6 % and 45.5% in the two groups respectively (P = 0.006). The incidence of acute radiation pneumonia and long-term pulmonary fibrosis in the two groups was 6.3% and 9.1%, and 68.8% and 75.0%, respectively (P = 0.982 and P = 0.547). CONCLUSION The recurrence rate in the lymph nodes beyond the tar-get area was not increased after minimizing the clinical target volume (CTV), whereas radioactive injury to the lungs and esophageal injury was reduced, and especially with a significant decrease in the rate of acute radioactive esophagitis. The method of CT in combination with PET for minimizing the mediastinal CTV is superior to the conventional preventive radiation of the mediastinum.     

三明治法治疗晚期肺癌的近期疗效

目的探讨三明治法对晚期肺癌的近期疗效。方法45例患者接受此种治疗。介入法采用Seldinger法化疗药物灌注,每次灌注表阿霉素30mg、卡铂300mg、5-Fu750mg;3D-CRT采用6MV X线,Topslane ARTP系统,总剂量为30～40Gy/10次/2周。介入治疗、3D-CRT、再介入治疗,“夹心”进行。结果45例病人总有效率(CR PR)为93.3%(42/45),平均生存期为15.5个月。结论采用介入化疗与3D-CRT相结合,可使肺癌的瘤体迅速缩小,生存期延长,生活质量提高,为晚期肺癌有效的治疗手段。     

食管癌三维适形放疗的护理

目的总结食管癌三维适形放疗期护理经验。方法对62例食管癌患者加强放疗期护理,放疗前做好心理护理,放疗期间加强皮肤护理,密切观察病情,做好放射性食管炎、食管-气管瘘等并发症的护理,并做好出院指导。结果62例患者中59例完成治疗计划,3例因食管-气管瘘中断治疗,放疗期间出现急性气管炎26例,急性食管炎34例,均经过处理而未影响治疗,无严重皮肤反应及脊髓炎发生。结论加强食管癌患者放疗期护理,可有效提高放疗的症状缓解率,改善生存质量。     

钴60多野适形放射治疗胸腹部实体瘤的临床疗效研究

目的 探讨立体定向放射治疗(SRT)胸、腹部实体瘤的近期疗效.方法 采用钴60(60Co)多野适形放射治疗系统(γ-刀)治疗57例(83个病灶)胸、腹部实体瘤患者.50%等剂量线覆盖肿瘤的计划靶区(PTV),95%等剂量线包绕100%肿瘤区(GTV),照射剂量以50%等剂量线作为处方剂量,单次剂量2.0～5.0 Gy,1次/d,5次/周,共照射8～20次,总剂量27.0～50.0 Gy.结果 失访2例,55例患者81个病灶中,以肿瘤消退情况确定完全缓解占21.0%(17/81),部分缓解占71.6%(58/81),总有效率为92.6%;1年以上生存率为36.4%(20/55).结论 SRT使肿瘤局部受到准确照射,周围正常组织损伤小,有效率高,且延长了患者的生存期.     

三维适形放疗治疗局部晚期胰腺癌疗效分析

目的 评价三维适形放疗(3-DCRT)治疗局部晚期胰腺癌的疗效和毒副反应.方法 采用3-DcRT治疗局部晚期胰腺癌28例,具体方案:2-3 Gy/次,5次/周,共15-25次,总剂量45～50 Gy.治疗结束后评价疗效和毒副反应.结果 28例均顺利完成治疗,其中CR 3例,PR 4例,SD 16例,PD 5例,有效率2...