Experimental neurotoxicity of the anorectic fenfluramine

Summary Fenfluramine, an amphophilic compound which is a halogenated derivative of amphetamine, is still used as an anorectic agent for weight reduction, as it acts on the satiety center of the hypothalamus. Holtzman strain rats aged 6 days were daily injected s.c. fenfluramine hydrochloride at the dose of 75 mg/kg body weight. The animals were killed at different time intervals between days 7 and 40, and different parts of the brain were examined by light and electron microscopy. About half of the animals showed intralysosomal membrano-cytoplasmic bodies in the oligodendroglia, neurons, and neuropil, maximally in the animals receiving 8–19 injections. They were seen as concentrically arranged, single-layered lamellae; small dense bodies; or larger heterogeneous bodies. The mechanism of production of such inclusions could be the formation of complexes of this amphophilic compound with tissue phospholipids, or some enzyme-inhibiting action. A marked prominence of dark cells, predominantly oligodendroglia, was also noticed in the brains of experimental animals. Some of these cells appeared to be dark neurons, probably resulting from the serotonin-depleting effect of fenfluramine. A few dark cells were identified as resting microglial cells, while macrophagic reactive microglia were detected in the brains of very young animals. Fenfluramine appears to provide a model for studying neuroglial reactions.Paper presented at the Erwin Riesch symposium on Lysosomal Disorders of the Nervous System, Berlin (Convenor, Prof. Cervos-Navarro); and as poster-talk at the 9th International Congress of Neuropathology, Vienna, September 1982     

一种复合微生物菌肥对穿心莲生长、品质及土壤性质的影响

目的：研究一种微生物复合菌肥对穿心莲生长、品质及土壤性质的影响,旨在为穿心莲栽培生产中微生物复合菌肥的应用提供依据。方法：通过盆栽的共5个处理试验,CK（不施肥）组、A处理（施化肥）组、B处理（施微生物菌肥,施用量为2.5 g·kg-1土）组、C处理（施微生物菌肥,施用量为7.5 g·kg-1土）组、D处理（施微生物菌肥,施用量为12.5 g·kg-1土）组,研究一种复合微生物菌肥对穿心莲的农艺性状、有效成分含量及根际土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量和土壤理化性质的影响。结果：施加一定量的复合微生物菌肥,穿心莲的株高、叶片数、叶面积、地上部、地下部鲜重较CK组和A处理组显著升高,不同生长期有差异。复合微生物菌肥对穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯、新穿心莲内酯及14-去氧穿心莲内酯含量影响有差异,与CK组、A处理组比较,C处理组的穿心莲内酯分别明显升高26.13%、13.23%(P<0.05);新穿心莲内酯的含量随微生物菌肥施加量的增加而增加,在D处理组下的效应最显著,与CK组、A处理组比较,分别明显升高9.06%、50.33%(P<0.05);B处理组的14-去氧穿心莲内酯较A处理组...     

中药复方962对老龄大鼠皮质胆碱乙酰转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响

为研究中药复方 962胶囊对老龄大鼠皮质胆碱乙酰转移酶 (ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AchE)活性的影响 ,将2 2月龄和 2 4月龄Wistar大鼠分为青年对照组、老年模型组、阳性对照脑复康组 ( 0 .56g/kg)、962中剂量组 ( 0 .9g/kg)和 962大剂量组 ( 1 .8g/kg) 5组 ,分别灌胃给药 1～ 2个月后处死大鼠。用Fonnun法和羟胺比色法分别测定 5组大鼠皮质的ChAT和AchE的活性。结果 :中药复方 962大剂量 ( 1 .8g/kg)对老龄大鼠皮质ChAT活性有提高作用 (P <0 .0 5) ,但对AchE无显著影响。提示 :中药复方 962可能通过影响老龄大鼠中枢胆碱能神经系统而改善其衰老的变化     

微量元素在化妆品中的应用

本文对七种常应用于化妆品中的微量元素的功能、作用机理、研究现状作了较为详细的讨论。     

三种镍化合物诱发转化细胞恶性度的鉴别与分析

目的 :利用已建立的三种镍化合物体外转化细胞进行裸鼠体内成瘤实验研究 ,比较它们恶性度的差异。方法 :三种镍化合物转化细胞接种BALB/C裸鼠 ,进行肿瘤细胞和转化细胞的透射电镜及扫描电镜观察。结果 :硫化镍 ,氯化镍 ,硫酸镍分别诱发的转化细胞都能在BALB/C裸鼠皮下形成肿瘤 ,病理组织学检查确定为纤维肉瘤。经扫描电镜与透射电镜观察瘤细胞形态与转化细胞有一定差别。结论 :本文进一步说明了三种镍化合物所诱发的细胞转化为恶性转化 ,且都具有体内致瘤性。     

Anti-inflammatory effect of methoxyphenamine compound in rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of methoxyphenamine compound (MC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats by measurement of proinflammatory cytokines, total and differential white cell counts (WCC) of bronchroalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). METHODS: Adult rat model of COPD (COPD group) was induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharides and exposure to cigarette smoke. Treatment groups received different dosage of MC (3, 9, and 27 mg daily, MC group) or prednisone (0.25 mg daily, P group) respectively. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1beta (IL-113), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) of BALF were determined by ELISA. Total and differential WCC were performed after Giemsa staining. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, total and differential WCC in BALF of MC groups were significantly decreased than that of COPD group (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference among MC groups. There was no significa     

微细药物表面包覆技术在制剂中的应用

新型药物开发制备过程中，需要对药物颗粒进行粒子设计，通过多层微胶囊化而得到复合包覆药物颗粒。药物包覆、微胶囊制备方法很多，可分为化学法、物理化学法、物理法。本文着重介绍了制备复合多层包覆药物颗粒的几种物理机械方法：复合杂化系统，高速椭圆转子混合法、喷流床包覆法。简要分析了该技术用于中药现代化加工的可能性。     

HPLC法测定复方阿替洛尔片中阿替洛尔与硝苯地平的含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法考察并建立测定复方阿替洛尔片中阿替洛尔与硝苯地平含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Phe-nomenex—ODS 3柱(250 mm×4.60 mm,5 μm),甲醇-水-磷酸盐缓冲溶液(取磷酸二氢钾6.8 g,加水1000 mL溶解后,用磷酸调pH至3.0)-庚烷磺酸钠适量摇匀(65:35:3:0.13 g=V:V:V:W)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min～1,检测波长为240 nm,进样量为10μL。结果:阿替洛尔的线性范围为10-250μg·mL-1(r=0.9999),硝苯地平的线性范围为4—100 μg·mL-1(r=1.0000),平均回收率分别为99.45％和99.51％。结论:本法精密度好,结果准确可靠,适用于该复方制剂的质量检验分析。     

中药复康片对卡马西平所致大鼠小脑毒性的影响

目的 观察中药复康片不同时间给药对卡马西平所致大鼠小脑毒性的影响。方法 48只大鼠随机分 为正常对照组、模型对照组、中药预防组、中药治疗组,除正常对照组外,其余各组用卡马西平造模,中药预防组 同时给予中药,中药治疗组从第30天给予中药。实验第90天,处死所有大鼠,光镜观察大鼠小脑病理组织学变化, 电镜观察大鼠小脑超微结构,并进行图像分析。结果 与模型组比较,中药预防组突触丰富,囊泡丰富,线粒体无肿 胀。图像分析表明,中药预防组大鼠小脑神经细胞突触面积、突触囊泡密度、线粒体所占面积比值明显恢复,与模 型组比较有显著性差异。中药治疗组小脑组织仍有轻度水肿、神经细胞轻度萎缩,电镜下线粒体仍有轻度水肿。 结论 中药预防给药对大鼠小脑有保护作用。     

更昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦治疗带状疱疹的成本-效果分析

目的 评价更昔洛韦注射剂与泛昔洛韦胶囊治疗带状疱疹构成本及其效果。方法 将符合带状疱疹典型临床症状的门诊患者共84例，随机分为两组，分别给予更昔洛韦注射剂与泛昔洛韦胶囊治疗，副反应评价指标按卫生部1994年不良反应制定标准。结果 更昔洛韦与泛昔洛韦的治愈率分别为86．0％和82．9％，显效率分别为100％和95．1％，但泛昔洛韦的成本效果比明显低于更昔洛韦。结论 泛昔洛韦更具有成本-效果优势。