男、女用避孕套临床可接受性的比较

目的:比较男、女用避孕套的临床可接受性。方法:以40名健康育龄期妇女自愿者为研究对象,采用交叉设计,每人使用男女用避孕套各5个,每使用完一种后填写评价性调查表;使用完两种后,填写总结性调查表,对两种避孕套进行比较。结果:在避孕套的取出/取下、性生活中阴茎的插入、以及性生活中是否感觉不舒服(疼痛、烧灼感)等方面,对两种避孕套的评价基本相同。男用避孕套的主要优点是易学、易用,而女用避孕套可使性生活更有兴趣和感到更安全。总的说来,女性对使用两种避孕套的态度没有明显差异,而男性则比较喜欢使用男用避孕套。结论:通过适当的推广和改进,在我国会有一定比例的育龄妇女接受并使用女用避孕套。     

压电石英晶体传感器阵列检测尿微量白蛋白的实验研究

目的探讨并建立压电石英晶体免疫传感器检测尿液微量白蛋白的方法。方法采用葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA)法固定石英晶体微阵列上单克隆抗白蛋白抗体,并用石英晶体微天平(QCM)检测样品反应频率漂移量;优化传感器检测条件并运用回收实验,天内、天间重复试验来验证其准确度与精密度,并将免疫比浊法作为参比方法进行方法学比较。结果该传感器平台的非特异性反应低(FS<20Hz),线性范围广(0.01~40mg/L),灵敏度达到5μg/L,准确度高(CV<10%),精密度试验总体CV<10%,并且具有检测时间短(<10 min)等优点,与传统的免疫比浊法具有可比性。结论采用压电石英晶体免疫传感器法检测尿液微量白蛋白,是一种可行的检测方法,可应用于临床检测并为诊断早期肾损伤提供帮助。     

武汉市海洛因依赖者流行病学回顾性调查

目的:了解武汉市海洛因依赖者的流行病学变化。方法:回顾性调查研究2002年-2004年3a在湖北省各戒毒所收治的武汉市户籍海洛因依赖者的社会人口学特征及滥用情况。结果:(1)人口学特征比较:3a来女性吸毒人口所占比例明显上升(P<0.01),无业人员所占比例逐年加大(P<0.01);(2)毒品滥用情况比较:3a来吸毒年限、戒毒次数和静脉注射滥用方式比例逐年增加(P均<0.01)。结论:武汉市常住居民中海洛因滥用形势仍相当严峻,禁毒工作仍需加强。且应加强在吸毒群体中的宣教工作。     

幽门螺杆菌处理前后HepG2细胞蛋白质双向电泳图谱的差异分析

目的：利用蛋白质组学方法，识别并鉴定幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori，H．pylori）处理HepG2细胞后差异表达的蛋白质，为进一步探讨幽门螺杆菌对肝细胞的病理作用机制奠定基础。方法：运用固相pH梯度双向凝胶电泳技术分离H．pylori处理前后HepG2细胞的总蛋白质，用图象分析软件比较分析，以识别差异表达的蛋白质；应用质谱仪（mass spectrometry）得到相应的肽质指纹图谱（peptide mass fingerprint，PMF），然后搜索数据库鉴定差异蛋白质。结果：鉴定出12种差异表达蛋白质．这些蛋白质包括整合素β-1、蛋白激酶C—α、PINCH蛋白、Ras相关蛋白Rab-37、LIM同源盒蛋白Lhx1、HLAⅠ类抗原、血管抑制素和金属蛋白酶抑制因子2等。这些差异蛋白质涉及基因表达调控、细胞免疫、细胞生长和信号传导等众多关键事件。结论：H．pylori处理前后HepG2的蛋白质组具有差异，这些差异表达的蛋白质可能参与了H．pylori对肝细胞的病理作用过程，这种蛋白质组的差异分析有助于进一步研究H.pylori与人类肝脏疾病的关系。     

类比和比较研究方法在药事管理学研究中的应用

本文对类比和比较的方法在药事管理学研究中的应用加以分析和研究,说明两种方法的区别,提出两种方法应用的范围和需要注意的问题,希望对药事管理学研究工作提供参考.     

三种置管用于治疗泪道阻塞效果比较

目的：比较采用泪道逆行置管、双套环顺行置管、泪道U形置管治疗泪道阻塞患者的治疗效果。

方法：前瞻性研究。选取2015-07/2018-06在我院诊治的108例108眼泪道阻塞患者,随机分为三组,A组行泪道逆行置管术36例36眼,B组行双套环顺行置管术36例36眼,C组行泪道U形置管术36例36眼,术后随访6mo,比较三组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、治疗疗效以及并发症和泪道阻塞复发情况。

结果：三组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组的治疗总有效率为91.7%,B组为94.4%,C组为97.2%(P>0.05)。A组并发症发生率为11.1%,高于B组的5.6%,高于C组的2.8%(P=0.010); A组泪道阻塞复发率为9.1%,高于B组的5.9%,高于C组的5.9%(P=0.029)。

结论：泪道逆行置管、双套环顺行置管、泪道U形置管用于治疗泪道阻塞患者的疗效均较高,术后发生并发症和泪道阻塞复发较少,但泪道逆行置管术可减少术中出血量、手术时间,泪道U形置管术可减少患者住院时间。     

Community orientation of general practitioners in 34 countries

General practitioners (GPs) are frontline health workers. They should be sensitive to the health needs of the community in addition to caring for patients that visit their practice. Due to changes in demography, epidemiology, ecology and healthcare policy, a community orientation becomes more important. Our research question is: to what extent does community orientation of GPs vary between countries and GPs and how can this variation be explained? We use cross-sectional survey data from the QUALICOPC study, conducted among over 7000 GPs in 34 countries. Community orientation was measured through a scale constructed from three survey questions on whether GPs would take action when confronted with: repeated accidents in an industrial setting, frequent respiratory problems in patients living near a certain industry, and repeated cases of food poisoning in the local community. Independent variables are at healthcare system level and GP or practice level. Data were analysed using linear multilevel regression analysis. Community orientation varies between GPs and countries. Community orientation is more frequent in healthcare systems with a list system, among self-employed GPs, those using medical records to make overviews, and those more active in prevention and multidisciplinary cooperation. GPs in rural areas and areas with more people from ethnic minorities are more community oriented. Based on the variation between countries and GPs, we would like to raise awareness and underline the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation.     

Integration or specialization? Similarities and differences between Sweden and the United States in gerontology education and training

ABSTRACT

This article examines the similarities and differences in the education and training of gerontologists and others who work with older people in Sweden and the United States. It outlines the aging trends in both countries and assesses the level of training for those who provide care in a variety of fields. Both countries are aging, but the programs for gerontological training are quite different in the two countries, reflecting underlying cultural values. Sweden’s education is generally more oriented toward the integration of some aging education in more disciplinary fields, such as nursing and social work and thus could benefit from more specialized, aging-specific courses. The United States is highly specialized, with multiple programs in various subfields of aging (e.g., geropsychology; aging services administration) and could benefit from integrating more aging knowledge into courses in other disciplines. The authors challenge professionals to consider if there is a basic but global curriculum and/or set of competencies in gerontology that could be agreed upon. As an increasingly global village, the ability to share and learn is more easily achievable. Sweden and the United States have much to learn from each other in terms of appropriately educating and training those who support our older people.     

Indirect comparison of bronchial thermoplasty versus omalizumab for uncontrolled severe asthma

Objective: Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) as an add-on therapy for uncontrolled severe asthma is an alternative to biologic therapies like omalizumab (OM). We conducted an indirect treatment comparison (ITC) to appraise comparative effectiveness of BT and OM. Methods: A systematic literature review identified relevant randomized controlled trials. The ITC followed accepted methodology. Results: The ITC comprised a sham-controlled trial of BT (AIR2) and two placebo-controlled trials of OM (INNOVATE; EXTRA). Comparing the BT post-treatment period to ongoing treatment with OM, showed no significant differences in the rate ratios (RRs) for severe exacerbations (RR of BT versus OM = 0.91 [95% CI: 0.64, 1.30]; p = 0.62) or hospitalizations (RR = 0.57 [95% CI: 0.17, 1.86]; p = 0.53); emergency department visits were significantly reduced by 75% with BT (RR = 0.25 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.91]; p = 0.04); the proportions of patients with clinically meaningful response on the asthma quality-of-life questionnaire were comparable (RR = 1.06 [95% CI: 0.86, 1.34]; p = 0.59). The RR for exacerbations statistically favours OM over the total study period in AIR2 (RR = 1.50 [95% CI: 1.11, 2.02]; p = 0.009) likely reflecting a transient increase in events during the BT peri-treatment period. Conclusions: The ITC should be interpreted cautiously considering the differences between patient populations in the included trials. However, based on the analysis, BT compares well with a potentially more costly pharmacotherapy for asthma. Clinicians evaluating the relative merits of using these treatments should consider the totality of evidence and patient preferences to make an informed decision.